scholarly journals Gender intentional approaches to enhance health social enterprises in Africa: a qualitative study of constraints and strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin McKague ◽  
Sarah Harrison ◽  
Jenipher Musoke
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Gender Integration ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Gender Based

AbstractBackgroundHealth social enterprises are experimenting with community health worker (CHW) models that allow for various income-generating opportunities to motivate and incentivize CHWs. Although evidence shows that improving gender equality contributes to the achievement of health outcomes, gender-based constraints faced by CHWs working with social enterprises in Africa have not yet been empirically studied. This study is the first of its kind to address this important gap in knowledge.MethodsWe conducted 36 key informant interviews and 21 focus group discussions between 2016 and 2019 (for a total of 175 individuals: 106 women and 69 men) with four health social enterprises in Uganda and Kenya and other related key stakeholders and domain experts. Interview and focus group transcripts were coded according to gender-based constraints and strategies for enhanced performance as well as key sites for intervention.ResultsWe found that CHW programs can be more gender responsive. We introduce theGender Integration Continuum for Health Social Enterprisesas a tool that can help guide gender equality efforts. Data revealed female CHWs face seven unique gender-based constraints (compared to male CHWs): 1) higher time burden and lack of economic empowerment; 2) risks to personal safety; 3) lack of career advancement and leadership opportunities; 4) lack of access to needed equipment, medicines and transport; 5) lack of access to capital; 6) lack of access to social support and networking opportunities; and 7) insufficient financial and non-financial incentives. Data also revealed four key areas of intervention: 1) the health social enterprise; 2) the CHW; 3) the CHW’s partner; and 4) the CHW’s patients. In each of the four areas, gender responsive strategies were identified to overcome constraints and contribute to improved gender equality and community health outcomes.ConclusionsThis is the first study of its kind to identify the key gender-based constraints and gender responsive strategies for health social enterprises in Africa using CHWs. Findings can assist organizations working with CHWs in Africa (social enterprises, governments or non-governmental organizations) to develop gender responsive strategies that increase the gender and health outcomes while improving gender equality for CHWs, their families, and their communities.

scholarly journals Gender Intentional Approaches to Enhance Health Social Enterprises in Africa: A Qualitative Study of Constraints and Strategies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin McKague ◽  
Sarah Harrison ◽  
Jenipher Musoke
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Gender Integration ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Gender Based

Abstract Background: Health social enterprises are experimenting with community health worker (CHW) models that allow for various income-generating opportunities to motivate and incentivize CHWs. Although evidence shows that improving gender equality contributes to the achievement of health outcomes, gender-based constraints faced by CHWs working with social enterprises in Africa have not yet been empirically studied. This study is the first of its kind to address this important gap in knowledge. Methods: We conducted 30 key informant interviews and 21 focus group discussions between 2016 and 2020 (for a total of 175 individuals: 106 women and 69 men) with four health social enterprises in Uganda and Kenya and other related key stakeholders and domain experts. Interview and focus group transcripts were coded according to gender-based constraints and strategies for enhanced performance as well as key sites for intervention. Results: We found that CHW programs can be more gender responsive. We introduce the Gender Integration Continuum for Health Social Enterprises as a tool that can help guide gender equality efforts. Data revealed female CHWs face seven unique gender-based constraints (compared to male CHWs): higher time burden and lack of economic empowerment; risks to personal safety; lack of career advancement and leadership opportunities; lack of access to needed equipment, medicines and transport; lack of access to capital; lack of access to social support and networking opportunities; and insufficient financial and non-financial incentives. Data also revealed four key areas of intervention: the health social enterprise, the CHW, the CHW’s partner, and the CHW’s patients. In each of the four areas, gender responsive strategies were identified to overcome constraints and contribute to improved gender equality and community health outcomes. Conclusions: This is the first study of its kind to identify the key gender-based constraints and gender responsive strategies for health social enterprises in Africa using CHWs. Findings can assist organizations working with CHWs in Africa (social enterprises, governments or non-governmental organizations) to develop gender responsive strategies that increase the gender and health outcomes while improving gender equality for CHWs, their families, and their communities.

scholarly journals Gender Intentional Approaches to Enhance Health Social Enterprises in Africa: A Qualitative Study of Constraints and Strategies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin McKague ◽  
Sarah Harrison ◽  
Jenipher Musoke
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Gender Integration ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Gender Based

Abstract Background: Health social enterprises are experimenting with community health worker (CHW) models that allow for various income-generating opportunities to motivate and incentivize CHWs. Although evidence shows that improving gender equality contributes to the achievement of health outcomes, gender-based constraints faced by CHWs working with social enterprises in Africa have not yet been empirically studied. This study is the first of its kind to address this important gap in knowledge. Methods: We conducted 36 key informant interviews and 21 focus group discussions between 2016 and 2019 (for a total of 175 individuals: 106 women and 69 men) with four health social enterprises in Uganda and Kenya and other related key stakeholders and domain experts. Interview and focus group transcripts were coded according to gender-based constraints and strategies for enhanced performance as well as key sites for intervention. Results: We found that CHW programs can be more gender responsive. We introduce the Gender Integration Continuum for Health Social Enterprises as a tool that can help guide gender equality efforts. Data revealed female CHWs face seven unique gender-based constraints (compared to male CHWs): 1) higher time burden and lack of economic empowerment; 2) risks to personal safety; 3) lack of career advancement and leadership opportunities; 4) lack of access to needed equipment, medicines and transport; 5) lack of access to capital; 6) lack of access to social support and networking opportunities; and 7) insufficient financial and non-financial incentives. Data also revealed four key areas of intervention: the health social enterprise, the CHW, the CHW’s partner, and the CHW’s patients. In each of the four areas, gender responsive strategies were identified to overcome constraints and contribute to improved gender equality and community health outcomes. Conclusions: This is the first study of its kind to identify the key gender-based constraints and gender responsive strategies for health social enterprises in Africa using CHWs. Findings can assist organizations working with CHWs in Africa (social enterprises, governments or non-governmental organizations) to develop gender responsive strategies that increase the gender and health outcomes while improving gender equality for CHWs, their families, and their communities.

An NGO's Efforts to Empower Ex-Convicts in Botswana

2015 ◽  
pp. 180-205
Author(s):  
Molefe Coper Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
The Public ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations

This chapter presents a case-study drawn from a qualitative study which explored how non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Botswana perceive and respond to recent global emphasis to engage men as stakeholders in gender and development so as to achieve gender equality and to empower women. This case-study was purposively selected from sixteen focus group discussions held with different organizations across the country. The chapter specifically looks at efforts by the Botswana Institute of Rehabilitation and Reintegration of Offenders (BIRRO), an NGO established by a group of rehabilitated ex-convicts to empower other ex-convicts by way of facilitating their re-integration into society. They established this NGO after realizing that the rate of reoffending is high due to negative stereotypes attached to ex-convicts. Despite facing some challenges, BIRRO is trying to counteract the disenfranchising criminal identity which members of the public attach to people who once committed a crime.

An NGO's Efforts to Empower Ex-Convicts in Botswana

2017 ◽  
pp. 1039-1058
Author(s):  
Molefe Coper Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
The Public ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations

This chapter presents a case-study drawn from a qualitative study which explored how non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Botswana perceive and respond to recent global emphasis to engage men as stakeholders in gender and development so as to achieve gender equality and to empower women. This case-study was purposively selected from sixteen focus group discussions held with different organizations across the country. The chapter specifically looks at efforts by the Botswana Institute of Rehabilitation and Reintegration of Offenders (BIRRO), an NGO established by a group of rehabilitated ex-convicts to empower other ex-convicts by way of facilitating their re-integration into society. They established this NGO after realizing that the rate of reoffending is high due to negative stereotypes attached to ex-convicts. Despite facing some challenges, BIRRO is trying to counteract the disenfranchising criminal identity which members of the public attach to people who once committed a crime.

scholarly journals The influence of incentives on community health worker motivation in the provision of family planning. A case of Msalala and Shinyanga Districts, Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryse Kok ◽  
Scholastica Lucas ◽  
Josiah Otege ◽  
Zando Mkwazu ◽  
Ingrid Zuleta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Depth Interviews

Community health workers (CHWs) are essential in the provision of a wide range of services, including family planning. In Tanzania, deployment of CHWs has largely been supported by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) who often determine their incentives. A mix of incentives is required to increase CHW motivation and, ultimately, performance. This qualitative study aimed to explore how incentives influence CHW motivation in the provision of family planning services in Msalala and Shinyanga districts. The study included focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with 21 CHWs, 12 supervisors and eight policy makers and NGO representatives. Transcripts were coded and narratives were written on types of incentives, motivating and demotivating factors. The study revealed that although CHW motivation was related to feelings of accomplishment and respect from the community, financial incentives were found equally important for motivation. While most CHWs received non-financial incentives, CHWs had unequal access to financial incentives. Key informants confirmed that there was no coordination on incentives at district level. Some CHWs reported demotivation because of misconceptions and unacceptance of family planning in the community and irregular supply of contraceptives. Results from this study show that motivation of voluntary CHWs in Msalala and Shinyanga districts is currently sub-optimal, because of inequity in access to (financial) incentives. There is a need for better coordination and standardization of CHW incentives. Advocacy is needed to increase funding for CHWs’ deployment and remuneration. This would increase CHW motimotivation and ultimately performance, also in the field of family planning.

scholarly journals A competency framework for women empowerment: the case of the local government sector in South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerrit van der Waldt ◽  
David Fourie ◽  
Gerda van Dijk ◽  
Margaret Chitiga-Mabugu ◽  
Johan Jordaan
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Competency Framework ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Empirical Survey ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Government Sector ◽  
Female Politicians ◽  
Gender Based

Gender representativity in political and managerial positions in local government in general and women empowerment in particular remain contentious issues. Although an extensive statutory and regulatory framework for gender equality was established and despite the fact that specific equity targets are set, it is evident that much more needs to be done to facilitate women empowerment in the local government sector. The purpose of this article is to reflect on findings of an empirical survey conducted amongst female politicians, managers, and experts in the local government sector with the aim to design the parameters of a competency framework for women empowerment. The results support the fact that a women empowerment competency framework should incorporate various dimensions and elements, notably sector-specific job requirements, registered gender-based formal programs in the tertiary education sector, as well as content of women empowerment initiatives taken by non-governmental organizations.

scholarly journals WOMEN PARTICIPATION IN WOMEN’S NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-34
Author(s):  
MAHMUD NOOR FADHLEEN ◽  
ISNIN NADRAWINA ◽  
MAHDI ASMAHANI ◽  
EDWARD DAUNG ANGIE
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Substantial Role ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
Access To Knowledge ◽  
Women Participation

Women’s NGOs in Sarawak plays a substantial role to provide a unique opportunity for leaders in gender equality and women’s empowerment to influence the United Nation’s agenda. This includes advocating the human rights of women and girls and supports the United Nations’ consensus documents such as the Beijing Platform for Action, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, and other UN agreements such as the Declaration on Population and Development and the Vienna Declaration on Human Rights.This study revealed that the factors that motivate women’s participation in women’s NGOs are to contribute and serve the society, to gain knowledge and skills, to develop networking, to enhance career path and to develop self-esteem. Meanwhile factors that hinders women for being actively involved in women’s NGOs are lack of time due to their focus on family and house matters, men still think that women can’t do what men can do, lack of awareness on benefits in joining the women’s NGOs, limited access to knowledge on NGOs and women feel intimidate and not confident to be socialize in NGOs

Women’s Rights and Gender Integration

2018 ◽  
pp. 600-618
Author(s):  
Charlotte Bunch
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Gender Integration ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Women's Equality ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
And Gender

This chapter outlines the quest for women’s equality, empowerment, and human rights through the United Nations from its founding to the adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals in 2015. It considers the on-going dilemma in this work of whether, and when, to pursue women’s equality through separate entities and through gender mainstreaming. Describing the evolution of the major UN women-specific institutions, conferences, and standard-setting documents, and the critical role of civil society—especially women’s non-governmental organizations—the chapter argues that these have driven this agenda. Finally, it analyses the progress of gender integration and women’s advancement on UN agendas in the areas of development; health and sexual rights; human rights; and peace and security.

SİVİL TOPLUM KURULUŞLARINDA SOSYAL GİRİŞİMCİLİK EKONOMİSİ

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (27) ◽  
pp. 56-65
Author(s):  
Rıfat KARABAŞ
Keyword(s):  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Effective Field ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The World

Social problems are constantly increasing in the world and the most effective field of work for solving these problems is social entrepreneurship. Although a new concept of social entrepreneurship in the world and is rapidly gaining popularity in Turkey. However, social enterprises do not have a legal basis in Turkey. Therefore innovative social problems in Turkey and movement areas of social enterprises generating sustainable solutions are provided through non-governmental organizations. In addition, social enterprises create new business models with innovative and sustainable solutions to solve social problems. They also create employment with the business models they create. In this way, they contribute to the social and economic development of the country. Although not literally have no legal status in Turkey, they form networks of social enterprises and social enterprise are also available. However, many opportunities for the support of social initiatives and social enterprises in Turkey are also ideas. However, the field of studies should be expanded and social entrepreneurship should be more widespread. In this context, the number of social enterprises and collaborations to support them should be increased in order to solve the ever-increasing social problems. For these reasons, suggestions were made for the dissemination and strengthening of social entrepreneurship.

Delineating novel aspects of social enterprise theory

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Murphy ◽  
Artem Kornetskyy ◽  
Joseph T. Nixon
Keyword(s):  
Social Enterprise ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ventures ◽  
Content Type ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Enterprise Theory

Purpose Social enterprises are defined in practice in terms of one operational model generating measurable value in more than one of the economic, social and natural/ecological value denomination categories. However, entrepreneurship theory does not generally or explicitly reflect this definition, which has generated confusion about the social enterprise concept. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to social enterprise theory by delineating novel aspects of this definition and their conceptual ramifications. Design/methodology/approach The authors review the social enterprise literature with a focus only on the most original contributions and most distinct research questions. The authors do not explicitly review research on traditional for-profit entrepreneurial ventures, not-for-profit/non-governmental organizations or mainstream social entrepreneurial ventures. Findings The authors offer several implications for social enterprise theory based on practices that are unique to the area but not amenable other areas of entrepreneurship. The contribution is instrumental to establishing social enterprise as a distinct theoretic area. Originality/value By focusing on novel aspects of social enterprise not easily explainable by mainstream theoretic traditions, the authors offer an original contribution to the development of social enterprise theory.

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