Occupational exposure to glyphosate and risk of lymphoma:results of an Italian multicenter case-control study

Abstract Background The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) recently classified glyphosate, the most used herbicide worldwide, as a probable human carcinogen. We inquired into the association between occupational exposure to glyphosate and risk of lymphoma subtypes in a multicenter case-control study conducted in Italy. Methods The Italian Gene-Environment Interactions in Lymphoma Etiology (ItGxE) study took place in 2011–17 in six Italian centres. Overall, 867 incident lymphoma cases and 774 controls participated in the study. Based on detailed questionnaire information, occupational experts classified duration, confidence, frequency, and intensity of exposure to glyphosate for each study subject. Using unconditional regression analysis, we modelled risk of major lymphoma subtypes associated with exposure to glyphosate adjusted by age, gender, education, and study centre. Results Very few study subjects (2.2%) were classified as ever exposed to glyphosate. Risk of follicular lymphoma (FL) was elevated 7-fold in subjects classified as ever exposed to glyphosate with medium-high confidence, 4.5-fold in association with medium-high cumulative exposure level, 12-fold with medium-high exposure intensity, and 6-fold with exposure for 10 days or more per year. Significant upward trends were detected with all the exposure metrics, but duration. The overall p-value for an upward trend with four independent metrics was 1.88 × 10− 4. There was no association with risk of lymphoma (any subtype), Non Hodgkin Lymphoma, B-cell lymphoma, or the major lymphoma subtypes other than FL. Conclusions Our findings provide limited support to the IARC decision to classify glyphosate as Group 2A human carcinogen.

Download Full-text

Occupational Exposure to Glyphosate and Risk of Lymphoma: Results of an Italian Multicenter Case-Control Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-102620/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Federico Meloni ◽

Giannina Satta ◽

Marina Padoan ◽

Andrea Montagna ◽

Ilaria Pilia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Occupational Exposure ◽

Case Control Study ◽

B Cell Lymphoma ◽

Case Control ◽

Cumulative Exposure ◽

International Agency ◽

Exposure Level ◽

High Exposure ◽

Human Carcinogen ◽

Control Study

Abstract BackgroundThe International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) recently classified glyphosate, the most used herbicide worldwide, as a probable human carcinogen. We inquired into the association between occupational exposure to glyphosate and risk of lymphoma subtypes in a multicenter case-control study conducted in Italy. MethodsThe Italian Gene-Environment Interactions in Lymphoma Etiology (ItGxE) study took place in 2011-17 in six Italian centres. Overall, 867 incident lymphoma cases and 774 controls participated in the study. Based on detailed questionnaire information, occupational experts classified duration, confidence, frequency, and intensity of exposure to glyphosate for each study subject. Using unconditional regression analysis, we modelled risk of major lymphoma subtypes associated with exposure to glyphosate adjusted by age, gender, education, and study centre. ResultsVery few study subjects (2.2%) were classified as ever exposed to glyphosate. Risk of follicular lymphoma (FL) was elevated 7-fold in subjects classified as ever exposed to glyphosate with medium-high confidence, 4.5-fold in association with medium-high cumulative exposure level, 12-fold with medium-high exposure intensity, and 6-fold with exposure for 10 days or more per year. Significant upward trends were detected with all the exposure metrics, but duration. The overall p-value for an upward trend with four independent metrics was 1.88 x 10-4. There was no association with risk of lymphoma (any subtype), Non Hodgkin Lymphoma, B-cell lymphoma, or the major lymphoma subtypes other than FL. ConclusionsOur findings provide limited support to the IARC decision to classify glyphosate as Group 2A human carcinogen.

Download Full-text

Bladder cancer and occupational exposure to metalworking fluid mist: a counter-matched case–control study in French steel-producing factories

Occupational and Environmental Medicine ◽

10.1136/oemed-2017-104666 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 75 (5) ◽

pp. 328-336 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Régis Colin ◽

Michel Grzebyk ◽

Pascal Wild ◽

Guy Hédelin ◽

Ève Bourgkard

Keyword(s):

Bladder Cancer ◽

Occupational Exposure ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Occupational Exposures ◽

Case Control ◽

Metalworking Fluids ◽

Cumulative Exposure ◽

Cancer Case ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Control Study

ObjectivesTo assess the relationship between occupational exposure to metalworking fluids (MWFs) in the steel-producing industry and bladder cancer incidence.MethodsA nested case–control study on bladder cancer was set up in a cohort of workers from six French steel-producing factories. Three controls were randomly selected for each incident bladder cancer case diagnosed from 2006 to 2012. Controls were matched to cases on age at diagnosis and counter-matched on a surrogate measure of exposure to MWFs derived from a job-exposure matrix. Cases (n=84) and controls (n=251) were face-to-face interviewed. Experts assessed occupational exposure to MWFs (straight, soluble and synthetic) using questionnaires and reports from factory visits. Occupational exposures were based on three metrics: duration, frequency-weighted duration and cumulative exposure index. Conditional multiple logistic regressions were used to determine ORs and 95% CIs, taking non-occupational and occupational exposure into account.ResultsIn the 25 years before diagnosis, ORs increased significantly with duration of exposure to straight MWFs (OR=1.13 (1.02–1.25)) and increased with frequency-weighted duration of exposure to straight MWFs (OR=1.44 (0.97–2.14)). These results remained valid after adjusting for duration of smoking, average number of cigarettes smoked per day, time since smoking cessation and exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). ORs also increased with soluble MWFs but not significantly. No significant association was found with older exposures to MWFs or with exposure to synthetic MWFs.ConclusionThe increased risk of bladder cancer observed among workers exposed to straight MWFs and to a lesser extent to soluble MWFs may be explained by the presence of carcinogens (such as PAH) in mineral oils component of straight and soluble oils. Prevention therefore remains necessary in sectors using MWFs.

Download Full-text

Case–control study to assess the association between colorectal cancer and selected occupational agents using INTEROCC job exposure matrix

Occupational and Environmental Medicine ◽

10.1136/oemed-2017-104795 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 75 (4) ◽

pp. 290-295 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sonia El-Zaemey ◽

TN Anand ◽

Jane Shirley Heyworth ◽

Terry Boyle ◽

Martie van Tongeren ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Occupational Exposure ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Cumulative Exposure ◽

Job Exposure Matrix ◽

Occupational History ◽

Occupational Risk Factors ◽

Western Australian ◽

Control Study

BackgroundColorectal cancer is the third most prevalent cancer in the world and is twice as common in developed countries when compared with low-income and middle-income countries. Few occupational risk factors for colorectal cancer have been identified. This case–control study aimed to assess the association between colorectal cancer and occupational exposure to selected solvents, combustion products, metals, dusts and other agents.MethodsCases (n=918) were enrolled from the Western Australian Cancer Registry from June 2005 to August 2007. Controls (n=1021) were randomly selected from the Western Australian electoral roll. We collected lifetime occupational history from cases and controls, in addition to their demographic and lifestyle characteristics. We applied the INTEROCC job exposure matrix to convert the occupational history to occupational exposure for 18 selected agents. Three exposure indices were developed: (1) exposed versus non-exposed; (2) lifetime cumulative exposure; and (3) total duration of exposure. The associations between colorectal cancer and the selected agents were estimated using logistic regression models adjusting for sex and age.ResultsNone of the 18 selected agents showed an association with colorectal cancer. No dose–response relationships with lifetime cumulative exposure or duration of exposure were observed.ConclusionThere was no evidence to suggest that occupational exposure to 18 selected agents increased the risk of colorectal cancer.

Download Full-text

Antidepressant Prescription and Risk of Lung Cancer: A Nationwide Case-Control Study

Pharmacopsychiatry ◽

10.1055/a-0596-0819 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 52 (03) ◽

pp. 134-141

Author(s):

Chia-Jui Tsai ◽

Wei-Che Chiu ◽

Chia-Ju Chen ◽

Pau-Chung Chen ◽

Roger McIntyre ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Cancer Diagnosis ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Cumulative Exposure ◽

Defined Daily Dose ◽

High Exposure ◽

Lung Cancer Diagnosis ◽

Antidepressant Prescription ◽

Control Study

Abstract Introduction In recent decades, concern about safety of antidepressants has been raised but the risk between antidepressants and lung cancer has not yet been established. Methods A case-control study was conducted by using a nationwide database in Taiwan. The case groups were new onset lung cancer diagnosis during 1999–2008 and age- and gender-matched controls were selected among those without any cancer. The cumulative exposure dose before the lung cancer diagnosis was added and risks were calculated according to the levels of defined daily dose and classes of antidepressants. Results A total of 39,001 individuals with lung cancer and 189,906 individuals without lung cancer between 1999 and 2008 were included in the analysis. Antidepressants, of any class, were not associated with elevated risks for lung cancer with the exception of bupropion at high exposure levels (odds ratio=4.81, 95% confidence interval=1.39–16.71). Discussion Antidepressant prescription was not associated with elevation of lung cancer incidence using a nationally representative sample. The elevated risk for lung cancer with bupropion at high doses may be a bias by indication and warrant longitudinal investigation.

Download Full-text

O1C.3 Nightshift work and risk of lymphoma subtypes

Occupational and Environmental Medicine ◽

10.1136/oem-2019-epi.19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 76 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. A7.2-A7

Author(s):

Pierluigi Cocco ◽

Giannina Satta ◽

Federico Meloni ◽

Claudia Betti ◽

Mariagrazia Zucca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sleep Deprivation ◽

Case Control Study ◽

B Cell Lymphoma ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Case Control ◽

Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽

Sufficient Evidence ◽

International Agency ◽

Occupational Physicians ◽

Control Study

IntroductionIn 2010, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified ‘Shiftwork that involves circadian disruption’ as a probable human carcinogen (group 2A), based on limited evidence from epidemiological studies and sufficient evidence from experimental animal studies. The epidemiological results were consistent for breast cancer. More recent publications suggested an increase in risk for ovarian and endometrial cancer, prostate cancer, and colorectal cancer.Sleep deprivation is common in shift workers, and it leads to disruption of the transcription of genes implicated in the regulation of the immune response.ObjectivesAs depression of the immune system is a known risk factor for lymphomas, we explored the association between risk of lymphoma subtypes and nightshift work with a case-control study design.Materials and methodsBased on the lifetime occupational history available for 323 cases and 463 controls who participated in a case-control study on lymphoma etiology conducted in Sardinia (Italy) in 1998–2006, expert occupational physicians assessed nightshift work for each job entry of each study subject. We calculated risk of major lymphoma subtypes, namely diffuse large B cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, multiple myeloma and Hodgkin lymphoma, associated with cumulative days of nightshift work with unconditional logistic regression, adjusting by age, gender, and education.ResultsNone of the lymphoma subtypes we investigated showed an association with lifetime cumulative days of nightshift work. Contrary to our expectation, risk of all lymphomas combined tended to decrease with cumulative days of nightshift work.ConclusionsFurther studies are warranted to investigate in more detail whether sleep deprivation resulting from nightshift work might be implicated in lymphomagenesis. Future investigations should include information on the chronotype of study subjects, the specific shift rotation schedule applied in each workplace, usual hours of sleep per day, and occurrence of daytime sleepiness.

Download Full-text

Occupational exposure to asbestos and risk of cholangiocarcinoma: a population-based case–control study in four Nordic countries

Occupational and Environmental Medicine ◽

10.1136/oemed-2017-104603 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 75 (3) ◽

pp. 191-198 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Andrea Farioli ◽

Kurt Straif ◽

Giovanni Brandi ◽

Stefania Curti ◽

Kristina Kjaerheim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Occupational Exposure ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Conditional Logistic Regression ◽

Asbestos Exposure ◽

Personal Characteristics ◽

Clinical History ◽

Population Based ◽

Case Control ◽

Cumulative Exposure ◽

Control Study

ObjectivesTo assess the association between occupational exposure to asbestos and the risk of cholangiocarcinoma (CC).MethodsWe conducted a case–control study nested in the Nordic Occupational Cancer (NOCCA) cohort. We studied 1458 intrahepatic CC (ICC) and 3972 extrahepatic CC (ECC) cases occurring among subjects born in 1920 or later in Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. Each case was individually matched by birth year, gender and country to five population controls. The cumulative exposure to asbestos (measured in fibres (f)/ml × years) was assessed by applying the NOCCA job-exposure matrix to data on occupations collected during national population censuses (conducted in 1960, 1970, 1980/81 and 1990). Odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI were estimated using conditional logistic regression models adjusted by printing industry work.ResultsWe observed an increasing risk of ICC with cumulative exposure to asbestos: never exposed, OR 1.0 (reference category); 0.1–4.9 f/mL × years, OR 1.1 (95% CI 0.9 to 1.3); 5.0–9.9 f/mL × years, OR 1.3 (95% CI 0.9 to 2.1); 10.0–14.9 f/mL × years, OR 1.6 (95% CI 1.0 to 2.5); ≥15.0 f/mL × years, OR 1.7 (95% CI 1.1 to 2.6). We did not observe an association between cumulative asbestos exposure and ECC.ConclusionsOur study provides evidence that exposure to asbestos might be a risk factor for ICC. Our findings also suggest that the association between ECC and asbestos is null or weaker than that observed for ICC. Further studies based on large industrial cohorts of asbestos workers and possibly accounting for personal characteristics and clinical history are needed.

Download Full-text

Early childhood traffic-related air pollution and risk of allergic rhinitis at 2–4 years of age modification by family stress and male gender: a case-control study in Shenyang, China

Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12199-021-00969-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shuai Hao ◽

Fang Yuan ◽

Pai Pang ◽

Bo Yang ◽

Xuejun Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Preschool Children ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Family Stress ◽

Case Control ◽

Male Gender ◽

Exposure Level ◽

Early Exposure ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background Few studies have explored the modifications by family stress and male gender in the relationship between early exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) and allergic rhinitis (AR) risk in preschool children. Methods We conducted a case-control study of 388 children aged 2–4 years in Shenyang, China. These children AR were diagnosed by clinicians. By using measured concentrations from monitoring stations, we estimated the exposures of particulate matter less than 10 μm in diameter (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) in preschool children aged 2–4 years. After adjusted potential confounding factors, we used logistic regression model to evaluate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for childhood AR with exposure to different air pollutants according to the increasing of the interquartile range (IQR) in the exposure level. Results The prevalence of AR in children aged 2–4 years (6.4%) was related to early TRAP exposure. With an IQR (20 μg/m3) increase in PM10 levels, an adjusted OR was significantly elevated by 1.70 (95% CI, 1.19 to 2.66). Also, with an IQR (18 μg/m3) increase in NO2, an elevated adjusted OR was 1.85 (95% CI, 1.52 to 3.18). Among children with family stress and boys, PM10 and NO2 were positively related to AR symptoms. No significant association was found among children without family stress and girls. Conclusions Family stress and male gender may increase the risk of AR in preschool children with early exposure to PM10 and NO2.

Download Full-text