Effects of an 8-week aerobic exercise program on plasma markers for cholesterol absorption and synthesis in older overweight and obese men

Abstract Background Increased physical activity is inversely related to the risk to develop cardiovascular disease (CVD). In a recent systematic review, it was reported that CVD patients had an increased cholesterol absorption and a decreased synthesis as compared with control participants. As increased physical activity levels reduce CVD risk, we hypothesized that exercise training will reduce cholesterol absorption and increase endogenous cholesterol synthesis in older overweight and obese men. Methods A randomized, controlled, crossover trial was performed. Seventeen apparently healthy older overweight and obese men were randomized to start with an aerobic exercise or no-exercise control period for 8 weeks, separated by 12 weeks washout. Fasting serum total cholesterol (TC) and non-cholesterol sterol concentrations were measured at baseline, and after 4 and 8 weeks. Results The aerobic exercise program did not affect serum TC concentrations. In addition, exercise did not affect TC-standardized serum concentrations of sitosterol and cholestanol that are markers for cholesterol absorption. However, a trend for reduced TC-standardized campesterol concentrations, which is another validated marker for cholesterol absorption, was observed as compared with control. Lathosterol concentrations, reflecting cholesterol synthesis, did not differ between both periods. Conclusions Aerobic exercise training for 8 weeks did not lower serum TC concentrations in older overweight and obese men, but a trend towards a decrease in the cholesterol absorption marker campesterol was found. The cholesterol synthesis marker lathosterol did not change. Trial registration posted on www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03272061 on 7 September 2017.

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Aerobic Exercise Training and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Older Adults: A Randomized Control Trial

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1123/japa.7.4.374 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 374-383 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Richard A. Boileau ◽

Edward McAuley ◽

Demetra Demetriou ◽

Naveen K. Devabhaktuni ◽

Gregory L. Dykstra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Exercise Program ◽

The Elderly ◽

Aerobic Exercise Training ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Control Group ◽

Before And After

A trial was conducted to examine the effect of moderate aerobic exercise training (AET) on cardiorespiratory (CR) fitness. Previously sedentary participants, age 60-75 years, were randomly assigned to either AET treatment or a control group for 6 months. The AET consisted of walking for 40 min three times/week at an intensity that elevated heart rate to 65% of maximum heart rate reserve. The control group performed a supervised stretching program for 40 min three times/week. CR fitness was assessed before and after the treatments during a grade-incremented treadmill walking test. Both absolute and relative peak V̇O2 significantly increased (p < .01) in the AET group, whereas they decreased modestly in the control group. Maximum treadmill time increased significantly (p < .01) in the AET group relative to the control group. These results indicate that CR fitness as measured by peak V̇O2 modestly improves in the elderly with a moderate-intensity, relatively long-term aerobic exercise program.

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Concentric adaptation of the left ventricle in response to controlled upper body exercise training

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00263.2002 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 94 (2) ◽

pp. 549-554 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Phillip E. Gates ◽

Keith P. George ◽

Ian G. Campbell

Keyword(s):

Exercise Training ◽

Left Ventricle ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Wall Thickness ◽

Control Period ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Aerobic Exercise Training ◽

Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽

Upper Body ◽

Upper Body Exercise

Upper body exercise has many applications to the rehabilitation and maintenance of cardiovascular health of individuals who are unable to exercise their lower body. The hemodynamic loads of upper body aerobic exercise are characterized by relatively high blood pressure and relatively low venous return. It is not clear how the left ventricle adapts to the specific hemodynamic loads associated with this form of exercise training. The purpose of this study was to measure left ventricular structure and function in previously sedentary men by using echocardiography before and after 12 wk of aerobic arm-crank exercise training ( n = 22) or a time control period ( n = 22). Arm-crank peak oxygen consumption (in ml · kg−1 · min−1) increased by 16% ( P < 0.05) after training, and significant differences ( P < 0.05) were found in wall thickness (from 0.86 to 0.99 cm) but not in left ventricular internal dimension in diastole or systole. This suggested a concentric pattern of left ventricular hypertrophy that persisted after scaling to changes in anthropometric characteristics. No differences ( P < 0.05) were found for any measurements of resting left ventricular function. We conclude that upper body aerobic exercise training results in a specific left ventricular adaptation that is characterized by increased left ventricular wall thickness but no change in chamber dimension.

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Effects of Individualized Aerobic Exercise Training on Physical Activity and Health-Related Physical Fitness among Middle-Aged and Older Adults with Multimorbidity: A Randomized Controlled Trial

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18010101 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 101

Author(s):

Yi-Pang Lo ◽

Shang-Lin Chiang ◽

Chia-Huei Lin ◽

Hung-Chang Liu ◽

Li-Chi Chiang

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Motivational Interviewing ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Aerobic Exercise Training ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Health Related

The presence of multimorbidity in middle-aged and older adults, which reduces their physical activity and quality of life, is a global health challenge. Exercise is one of the most important health behaviors that individuals can engage in. Previous studies have revealed that aerobic exercise training is beneficial for healthy middle-aged and older adults and those with various chronic diseases, but few studies have designed individualized aerobic exercise training for individuals with multimorbidity. Although individuals with multimorbidity are considerably less adherent to physical activity interventions, telephone-based motivational interviewing may help in strengthening motivation and promoting behavioral change for increasing physical activity and health-related physical fitness. This study aimed to examine whether a 12-week individualized aerobic exercise training in a rehabilitation center combined with telephone-based motivational interviewing is effective in promoting physical activity and health-related physical fitness among middle-aged and older adults with multimorbidity. A randomized controlled trial was conducted. Forty-three participants (aged > 40) were recruited and randomly assigned to the intervention group, comparison group, or control group. The participants’ physical activity and health-related physical fitness were assessed at baseline and at 12 weeks. The results indicated that after individualized aerobic exercise training combined with telephone-based motivational interviewing, the participants reported increased total physical activity (Fin = 481.3, p = 0.011), vigorous-intensity physical activity (Fin= 298.9, p = 0.007), dominant and nondominant hand grip (kg) (Fin = 1.96, p = 0.019; Fin = 2.19, p = 0.027, respectively), FEV1/FVC (Fin = 0.045, p = 0.043), VO2 max (ml/kg/min) (Fin = 5.30, p = 0.001), VO2 max predicted (%) (Fin = 21.6, p = 0.001), work (watts) (Fin = 22.5, p = 0.001), and anaerobic threshold (L/min) (Fin = 0.165, p = 0.011). Twelve weeks of individualized aerobic exercise training in the rehabilitation center combined with telephone-based motivational interviewing can increase the total physical activity, vigorous physical activity, and cardiorespiratory fitness of middle-aged and older adults with multimorbidity.

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Short-term aerobic exercise training improves gut peptide regulation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00693.2015 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 120 (10) ◽

pp. 1159-1164 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Emily L. Kullman ◽

Karen R. Kelly ◽

Jacob M. Haus ◽

Ciaran E. Fealy ◽

Amanda R. Scelsi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Disease ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Exercise Program ◽

Aerobic Exercise Training ◽

Short Term ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Obesity-related nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the most common chronic liver disease. Exercise and diet are uniformly prescribed treatments for NAFLD; however, there are limited empirical data on the effects of exercise training on metabolic function in these patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the fasting and glucose-stimulated adaptation of gut peptides to short-term aerobic exercise training in patients with NAFLD. Twenty-two obese subjects, 16 with NAFLD [body mass index (BMI), 33.2 ± 1.1 (SE) kg/m2] and 6 obese controls (BMI, 31.3 ± 1.2 kg/m2), were enrolled in a supervised aerobic exercise program (60 min/day, 85% of their heart rate maximum, for 7 days). Fasting and glucose-stimulated glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-17-36) and peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYYTotal) concentrations in plasma were assessed before and after the exercise program. Initially, the NAFLD group had higher fasting PYY (NAFLD = 117 ± 18.6, control = 47.2 ± 6.4 pg/ml, P < 0.05) and GLP-1 (NAFLD = 12.4 ± 2.2, control = 6.2 ± 0.2 pg/ml, P < 0.05) and did not significantly increase GLP-1 or PYY in response to glucose ingestion. After the exercise program, fasting GLP-1 was reduced in the NAFLD group (10.7 ± 2.0 pg/ml, P < 0.05). Furthermore, exercise training led to significant increase in the acute (0–30 min) PYY and GLP-1 responses to glucose in the NAFLD group, while the total area under the glucose-stimulated GLP-1 response curve was reduced in both NAFLD and controls ( P < 0.05). In summary, 7 days of vigorous aerobic exercise normalized the dynamic PYY and GLP-1 responses to nutrient stimulation and reduced the GLP-1 response in NAFLD, suggesting that exercise positively modulates gut hormone regulation in obese adults with NAFLD.

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The effect of aerobic exercise training on postmenopausal patients with knee osteoarthritis

Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation ◽

10.3233/bmr-191712 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (6) ◽

pp. 995-1002

Author(s):

Filiz Kılıç ◽

Arzu Demirgüç ◽

Saniye Aydoğan Arslan ◽

Esra Dilek Keskin ◽

Müyesser Aras

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Knee Osteoarthritis ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Exercise Program ◽

Aerobic Exercise Training ◽

Performance Tests ◽

Walk Test ◽

Knee Oa ◽

Physiotherapy Program

BACKGROUND: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common musculoskeletal problem encountered in the postmenopausal period. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the impact of aerobic exercise on functional limitation, exercise tolerance, and performance tests in postmenopausal women with knee OA. METHODS: A total of 50 women (aged between 48–78) with grade 2–3 knee OA according to the Kellgren-Lawrence radiographic scale were enrolled. OA-specific physical performance tests (40 m Fast-Paced Walk Test (40mFPWT), 30 s Chair Stand Test (30sCST), Stair Climb Test (9-step SCT)), six-minute walk test (6MWT), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were performed. Fifty patients were randomized to either the treatment or control groups. The treatment group received an additional aerobic exercise training along with a combined physiotherapy program for six weeks. The aerobic exercise program was carried out by the same physiotherapist every weekday (five days) for six weeks. The control group only received a combined physiotherapy program for six weeks. RESULTS: The post-treatment comparisons of the two groups yielded similar SCT results (p> 0.05), while VAS scores, the results of all performance tests, WOMAC scores, and the distance covered in 6MWT were significantly higher in the treatment group (p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Consequently, this study provides an insight into the efficacy of the aerobic exercise program applied along with a combined physiotherapy program in postmenopausal women with knee OA.

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Effect of aerobic exercise training on fatigue and physical activity in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension

Respiratory Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.rmed.2013.02.006 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 107 (5) ◽

pp. 778-784 ◽

Cited By ~ 84

Author(s):

Ali A. Weinstein ◽

Lisa M.K. Chin ◽

Randall E. Keyser ◽

Michelle Kennedy ◽

Steven D. Nathan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Arterial Hypertension ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Aerobic Exercise Training ◽

Pulmonary Arterial

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Both MBSR and Aerobic Exercise Training can Affect Physical Activity Behavior in Sedentary Individuals

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000519329.37055.8a ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 49 (5S) ◽

pp. 861-862

Author(s):

Jacob Meyer ◽

Elisa Torres ◽

Maggie Grabow ◽

Aleksandra Zgierska ◽

Christopher Coe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Physical Activity Behavior ◽

Aerobic Exercise Training ◽

Activity Behavior

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Abstract P040: The Effect Of Weight Loss And Aerobic Exercise Training On The American Heart Association’s Life’s Simple 7

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.143.suppl_1.p040 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Joshua E McGee ◽

Anna C Huff ◽

Marie C Clunan ◽

Nicole R Gniewek ◽

Emily E Grammer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

American Heart ◽

Aerobic Exercise Training

There is limited evidence on the impact of weight loss via caloric restriction and aerobic exercise on Life’s Simple 7 (LS7), a health assessment tool used by the American Heart Association to promote and track cardiovascular health (CVH) via modifiable risk factors and health behaviors. Individuals with obesity have a greater prevalence of traditional and non-traditional cardiometabolic risk factors than lean individuals. Objective: Examine the effect of a weight loss intervention on LS7 and assess predictors of change in adults with obesity. Methods: Twenty-six adults (44.9 ± 9.7 years; weight: 93.9 ± 11.1 kg; body mass index: 34.1 ± 3.4 kg/m 2 ) participated in a 10-week medical weight loss program (OPTIFAST) and supervised exercise training program (50-75% VO 2 max) to achieve clinically significant weight loss (≥7% body weight). Poor, intermediate, and ideal CVH categories were defined as scores 0 to 4, 5 to 9, and 10 to 14, respectively. Baseline and post-weight loss LS7 scores were calculated via participant demographics, smoking status, anthropometry, physical activity level, diet intake, and blood lab reports. Paired samples t-test and Pearson’s correlations were used. Results: Mean weight loss was significant (-9.2 ± 3.6 kg, p < 0.001). Mean LS7 score significantly increased from baseline to weight loss (7.3 ± 1.5 vs. 9.6 ± 1.2, respectively, p < 0.001) and 57.7% of participants (15 of 26) improved to ideal CVH following weight loss. A significant inverse association was observed between change in LS7 and systolic blood pressure ( r = -0.41, p < 0.05), total cholesterol ( r = -0.45, p < 0.05), and glucose ( r = -0.41, p < 0.05). There were no further significant relationships with LS7 (i.e. change in weight, body mass index, physical activity, diastolic blood pressure). Discussion: A combined caloric restriction and aerobic exercise training intervention improved a multitude of cardiovascular disease risk factors. Previous epidemiological studies indicate meeting the ideal LS7 metrics is associated with 78% and 49% reduced risk of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality, respectively. Thus, the long-term modification of health behaviors and cardiometabolic risk factors to achieve ideal cardiovascular health may reduce risks of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in individuals with obesity.

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