scholarly journals The potential protective role of corticosteroid therapy in patients with asthma and COPD against COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Furci ◽  
Marco Caminati ◽  
Gianenrico Senna ◽  
Sebastiano Gangemi
Keyword(s):  
Corticosteroid Therapy ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Asthmatic Patients ◽  
Chronic Lung Diseases

Abstract Background The observation of patients hospitalized for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) led us to note a lower prevalence of patients affected by chronic respiratory disease, in particular asthmatic patients, compared to the general population. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to evaluate the possible protective role of corticosteroid therapy in patients with chronic lung disease, regarding the risk of contracting severe COVID-19. Main body SARS-CoV-2 uses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors to enter the cells. Considering the high number of these receptors in patients affected by asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the evidence that these patients do not have a high risk of hospitalization for COVID-19 needs further study to understand what the possible protective “factors” are in these patients. In particular, the finding in some studies of reduced coronavirus replication in cell lines treated with steroids, molecules commonly used for treating chronic lung diseases, needs further attention. Short conclusion The hypothesis that corticosteroids, commonly used in treating airways diseases, might modify the severity of SARS-CoV-2 disease has become a key point and a possible predictive factor of a positive outcome of COVID-19 in patients treated everyday with these molecules.

scholarly journals The role of nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf-2) in the protection against lung injury

2017 ◽  
Vol 312 (2) ◽  
pp. L155-L162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailin Zhao ◽  
Shiori Eguchi ◽  
Azeem Alam ◽  
Daqing Ma
Keyword(s):  
Lung Injury ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Antioxidant Response Elements

Nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a ubiquitous master transcription factor that upregulates antioxidant response elements (AREs)-mediated expression of antioxidant enzyme and cytoprotective proteins. Activation of Nrf2 has been shown to be protective against lung injury. In the lung, diverse stimuli including environmental oxidants, medicinal agents, and pathogens can activate Nrf2. Nrf2 translocates to the nucleus and binds to an ARE. Through transcriptional induction of ARE-bearing genes encoding antioxidant-detoxifying proteins, Nrf2 induces cellular rescue pathways against oxidative pulmonary injury, abnormal inflammatory and immune responses, and apoptosis. The Nrf2-antioxidant pathway has been shown to be important in the protection against various lung injuries including acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome and bronchopulmonary dysplasia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, and allergy and was widely examined for new therapeutic targets. The present review explores the protective role of Nrf-2 against lung injury and the therapeutic potential in targeting Nrf-2.

scholarly journals The role of microRNAs in chronic respiratory disease: recent insights

2018 ◽  
Vol 399 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay R. Stolzenburg ◽  
Ann Harris
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Lung Pathology ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
And Function ◽  
Mirna Abundance

AbstractChronic respiratory diseases encompass a group of diverse conditions affecting the airways, which all impair lung function over time. They include cystic fibrosis (CF), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma, which together affect hundreds of millions of people worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs involved in post-transcriptional gene repression, are now recognized as major regulators in the development and progression of chronic lung disease. Alterations in miRNA abundance occur in lung tissue, inflammatory cells, and freely circulating in blood and are thought to function both as drivers and modifiers of disease. Their importance in lung pathology has prompted the development of miRNA-based therapies and biomarker tools. Here, we review the current literature on miRNA expression and function in chronic respiratory disease and highlight further research that is needed to propel miRNA treatments for lung disorders towards the clinic.

The Role of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 203 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo-Maree Courtney ◽  
Patricia L. Spafford
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Potential Benefits

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of mortality worldwide, and there is currently no treatment that can halt the progression of the disease. Over the last decade there has been increasing interest in the idea that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) may be active in COPD. Here we review the evidence for EMT in COPD as well as the current progress being made on understanding the drivers and mechanisms involved. Finally, we discuss the potential benefits that understanding EMT may bring to the field of chronic respiratory disease.

scholarly journals The polymorphisms of FGFR2 and MGAT5 affect the susceptibility to COPD in the Chinese people

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobo Li ◽  
Guangyu Zhou ◽  
Xiaobo Tian ◽  
Fei Chen ◽  
Guoyao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Airflow Limitation ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Response ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
New Biomarkers

Abstract Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by incomplete reversible airflow limitation and chronic inflammatory response lesions. This study mainly explored whether FGFR2 and MGAT5 polymorphisms affected the risk of COPD in the Chinese people. Methods Five variants in FGFR2 and MGAT5 were chosen and genotyped using Agena MassARRAY platform from 315 COPD patients and 314 healthy controls. The correlation of FGFR2 and MGAT5 with COPD susceptibility was evaluated with odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) via logistic regression. Results We found rs2420915 enhanced the risk of COPD, while rs6430491, rs2593704 reduced the susceptibility of COPD (p < 0.05). Rs2420915 could promote the incidence of COPD in the elderly and nonsmokers. Rs1907240 and rs2257129 also increased the susceptibility to COPD in nonsmokers (p < 0.05). MGAT5-rs2593704 played a protective role in COPD development in different subgroups (age ≤ 70, male, smokers, and individuals with BMI ≤ 24 kg/m2). Meanwhile, rs6430491 was linked with a lower risk of COPD in nonsmoking and BMI ≤ 24 kg/m2 subgroups. Conclusions We concluded that FGFR2 and MGAT5 genetic polymorphisms are correlated with the risk of COPD in the Chinese people. These data underscored the important role of FGFR2 and MGAT5 gene in the occurrence of COPD and provided new biomarkers for COPD treatment. Trial registration: NA.

scholarly journals Role of Apoptosis in Amplifying Inflammatory Responses in Lung Diseases

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. JCD.S5375 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.P. Schmidt ◽  
R.M. Tuder
Keyword(s):  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Chronic Lung Diseases ◽  
Cellular Environment ◽  
Molecular Patterns ◽  
Dying Cells

Apoptosis is an important contributor to the pathophysiology of lung diseases such as acute lung injury (ALI) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Furthermore, the cellular environment of these acute and chronic lung diseases favors the delayed clearance of apoptotic cells. This dysfunctional efferocytosis predisposes to the release of endogenous ligands from dying cells. These so-called damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) play an important role in the stimulation of innate immunity as well as in the induction of adaptive immunity, potentially against autoantigens. In this review, we explore the role of apoptosis in ALI and COPD, with particular attention to the contribution of DAMP release in augmenting the inflammatory response in these disease states.

scholarly journals microRNAs Are Key Regulators in Chronic Lung Disease: Exploring the Vital Link between Disease Progression and Lung Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew Suji Eapen ◽  
Kielan Darcy McAlinden ◽  
Stephen Myers ◽  
Wenying Lu ◽  
Sukhwinder Singh Sohal
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Epithelial To Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Clinical Biomarkers

microRNAs (miRNAs) bind to mRNAs and inhibit their expression through post-transcriptionally regulating gene expression. Here, we elaborate upon the concise summary of the role of miRNAs in carcinogenesis with specific attention to precursor respiratory pathogenesis caused by cigarette smoke modulation of these miRNAs. We review how miRNAs are implicated in cigarette-smoke-driven mechanisms, such as epithelial to mesenchymal transition, autophagy modulation, and lung ageing, which are important in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and potential progression to lung cancer. Extracellular vesicles are key to inter-cellular communication and sharing of miRNAs. A deeper understanding of the role of miRNAs in chronic respiratory disease and their use as clinical biomarkers has great potential. Therapeutic targeting of miRNAs may significantly benefit the prevention of cancer progression.

scholarly journals The Role of Lycopene in Chronic Lung Diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio Balbuena ◽  
Junrui Cheng ◽  
Abdulkerim Eroglu
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Lung Diseases ◽  
Bell Peppers

Lycopene, a naturally occurring non-provitamin A carotenoid pigment, is responsible for the red to pink colors in tomato, watermelon, red bell peppers, and pink guava. There are many health benefits attributed to lycopene including but not limited to its antioxidant activity. According to the American Lung Association’s State of Lung Cancer, lung cancer is still the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Other chronic lung diseases such as asthma, emphysema, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are high prevalence. This chapter summarizes lycopene’s protective role against lung diseases in both in vitro and in vivo studies. While it has been demonstrated that circulating lycopene can be used as a biomarker for several lung diseases, further studies are warranted to establish that. We aim to provide insights into how lycopene can remedy for lung diseases, including lung cancer.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document