scholarly journals The Role of Lycopene in Chronic Lung Diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio Balbuena ◽  
Junrui Cheng ◽  
Abdulkerim Eroglu
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Lung Diseases ◽  
Bell Peppers

Lycopene, a naturally occurring non-provitamin A carotenoid pigment, is responsible for the red to pink colors in tomato, watermelon, red bell peppers, and pink guava. There are many health benefits attributed to lycopene including but not limited to its antioxidant activity. According to the American Lung Association’s State of Lung Cancer, lung cancer is still the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Other chronic lung diseases such as asthma, emphysema, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are high prevalence. This chapter summarizes lycopene’s protective role against lung diseases in both in vitro and in vivo studies. While it has been demonstrated that circulating lycopene can be used as a biomarker for several lung diseases, further studies are warranted to establish that. We aim to provide insights into how lycopene can remedy for lung diseases, including lung cancer.

scholarly journals The Promising Effects of Astaxanthin on Lung Diseases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junrui Cheng ◽  
Abdulkerim Eroglu
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Janus Kinase ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Related Factor

ABSTRACT Astaxanthin (ASX) is a naturally occurring xanthophyll carotenoid. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that it is a potent antioxidant with anti-inflammatory properties. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, whereas other lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema, and asthma are of high prevalence. In the past decade, mounting evidence has suggested a protective role for ASX against lung diseases. This article reviews the potential role of ASX in protecting against lung diseases, including lung cancer. It also summarizes the underlying molecular mechanisms by which ASX protects against pulmonary diseases, including regulating the nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor/heme oxygenase-1 pathway, NF-κB signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, Janus kinase–signal transducers and activators of transcription-3 signaling, the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway, and modulating immune response. Several future directions are proposed in this review. However, most in vitro and in vivo studies have used ASX at concentrations that are not achievable by humans. Also, no clinical trials have been conducted and/or reported. Thus, preclinical studies with ASX treatment within physiological concentrations as well as human studies are required to examine the health benefits of ASX with respect to lung diseases.

scholarly journals Hallmarks of the ageing lung

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 807-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke Meiners ◽  
Oliver Eickelberg ◽  
Melanie Königshoff
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Chronic Lung Diseases

Ageing is the main risk factor for major non-communicable chronic lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, most forms of lung cancer and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. While the prevalence of these diseases continually increases with age, their respective incidence peaks at different times during the lifespan, suggesting specific effects of ageing on the onset and/or pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Recently, the nine hallmarks of ageing have been defined as cell-autonomous and non-autonomous pathways involved in ageing. Here, we review the available evidence for the involvement of each of these hallmarks in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Importantly, we propose an additional hallmark, “dysregulation of the extracellular matrix”, which we argue acts as a crucial modifier of cell-autonomous changes and functions, and as a key feature of the above-mentioned lung diseases.

scholarly journals Innovative In Vitro Models for the Study of Lung Diseases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vittorio Picchio ◽  
Vittoria Cammisotto ◽  
Francesca Pagano ◽  
Roberto Carnevale ◽  
Isotta Chimenti
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Models ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Physiological Relevance ◽  
Complex Models ◽  
On Chip

Basic and translational research on lung biology and pathology can greatly benefit from the development of 3D in vitro models with physiological relevance. Lung organoids and lungs-on-chip allow the creation of different kinds of in vitro microenvironments, that can be useful for the elucidation of novel pathogenetic pathways, for example concerning tissue fibrosis in chronic diseases. Moreover, they represent important translational models for the identification of novel therapeutic targets, and for preliminary testing of new drugs. In this chapter, we provide a selected overview of recent studies on innovative 3D in vitro models that have enhanced our knowledge on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), particularly concerning oxidative stress and pro-fibrotic pathogenetic mechanisms. Despite several limitations, these complex models must be considered as complementary in all respects to in vivo studies on animal models and clinical research.

In-silico Studies of Isolated Phytoalkaloid Against Lipoxygenase: Study Based on Possible Correlation

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-221
Author(s):  
Haroon Khan ◽  
Muhammad Zafar ◽  
Helena Den-Haan ◽  
Horacio Perez-Sanchez ◽  
Mohammad Amjad Kamal
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Lipoxygenase Inhibitors ◽  
Lipoxygenase Inhibition ◽  
In Silico Studies

Aim and Objective: Lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes play an important role in the pathophysiology of several inflammatory and allergic diseases including bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, allergic conjunctivitis, rheumatoid arthritis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Inhibitors of the LOX are believed to be an ideal approach in the treatment of diseases caused by its over-expression. In this regard, several synthetic and natural agents are under investigation worldwide. Alkaloids are the most thoroughly investigated class of natural compounds with outstanding past in clinically useful drugs. In this article, we have discussed various alkaloids of plant origin that have already shown lipoxygenase inhibition in-vitro with possible correlation in in silico studies. Materials and Methods: Molecular docking studies were performed using MOE (Molecular Operating Environment) software. Among the ten reported LOX alkaloids inhibitors, derived from plant, compounds 4, 2, 3 and 1 showed excellent docking scores and receptor sensitivity. Result and Conclusion: These compounds already exhibited in vitro lipoxygenase inhibition and the MOE results strongly correlated with the experimental results. On the basis of these in vitro assays and computer aided results, we suggest that these compounds need further detail in vivo studies and clinical trial for the discovery of new more effective and safe lipoxygenase inhibitors. In conclusion, these results might be useful in the design of new and potential lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitors.

scholarly journals Phenolic Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Plants Belonging to the Cephalaria (Caprifoliaceae) Genus

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 952
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Chrząszcz ◽  
Barbara Krzemińska ◽  
Rafał Celiński ◽  
Katarzyna Szewczyk
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Antioxidative Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Antioxidant Effect ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Phenolic Composition

The genus Cephalaria, belonging to the Caprifoliaceae family, is a rich source of interesting secondary metabolites, including mainly saponins which display a variety of biological activities, such as immunomodulatory, antimicrobial and hemolytic effects. Besides these compounds, flavonoids and phenolic acids were identified in Cephalaria species. Cephalaria is employed in traditional medicine e.g., to cure cardiac and lung diseases, rheumatism, and regulate menstruation. In this review we focus on the phenolic compound composition and antioxidative activity of Cephalaria species. The antioxidant effect can be explained by flavonoids present in all parts of these plants. However, future efforts should concentrate more on in vitro and in vivo studies and also on clinical trials in order to confirm the possibility of using these plants as natural antioxidants for the pharmacology, food or cosmetic industries.

scholarly journals The roles of exosomal miRNAs and lncRNAs in lung diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Li ◽  
Zhengrong Yin ◽  
Jinshuo Fan ◽  
Siyu Zhang ◽  
Weibing Yang
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Exosomal Mirnas ◽  
New Ideas

Abstract An increasing number of studies have reported that exosomes released from various cells can serve as mediators of information exchange between different cells. With further exploration of exosome content, a more accurate molecular mechanism involved in the process of cell-to-cell communication has been revealed; specifically, microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are shuttled by exosomes. In addition, exosomal miRNAs and lncRNAs may play vital roles in the pathogenesis of several respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, and asthma. Consequently, exosomal miRNAs and lncRNAs show promise as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in several lung diseases. This review will summarize recent knowledge about the roles of exosomal miRNAs and lncRNAs in lung diseases, which has shed light on the discovery of novel diagnostic methods and treatments for these disorders. Because there is almost no published literature about exosomal lncRNAs in COPD, asthma, interstitial lung disease, or tuberculosis, we summarize the roles of exosomal lncRNAs only in lung cancer in the second section. This may inspire some new ideas for researchers who are interested in whether lncRNAs shuttled by exosomes may play roles in other lung diseases.

scholarly journals Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: NHLBI Workshop on the Primary Prevention of Chronic Lung Diseases

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (Supplement 3) ◽  
pp. S154-S160 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bradley Drummond ◽  
A. Sonia Buist ◽  
James D. Crapo ◽  
Robert A. Wise ◽  
Stephen I. Rennard
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Lung Diseases

scholarly journals STRUCTURE-BASED MULTITARGETED MOLECULAR DOCKING ANALYSIS OF PYRAZOLE-CONDENSED HETEROCYCLICS AGAINST LUNG CANCER

2021 ◽  
pp. 157-169
Author(s):  
JAINEY P. JAMES ◽  
AISWARYA T. C. ◽  
SNEH PRIYA ◽  
DIVYA JYOTHI ◽  
SHESHAGIRI R. DIXIT
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Binding Mode ◽  
Pharmacophore Modeling ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Spectral Studies ◽  
Pyrazole Derivatives ◽  
Anticancer Activities

Objective: The significant drawbacks of chemotherapy are that it destroys healthy cells, resulting in adverse effects. Hence, there is a need to adopt new techniques to develop cancer-specific chemicals that target the molecular pathways in a non-toxic fashion. This study aims to screen pyrazole-condensed heterocyclics for their anticancer activities and analyse their enzyme inhibitory potentials EGFR, ALK, VEGFR and TNKS receptors. Methods: The structures of the compounds were confirmed by IR, NMR and Mass spectral studies. The in silico techniques applied in this study were molecular docking and pharmacophore modeling to analyse the protein-ligand interactions, as they have a significant role in drug discovery. Drug-likeness properties were assessed by the Lipinski rule of five and ADMET properties. Anticancer activity was performed by in vitro MTT assay on lung cancer cell lines. Results: The results confirm that all the synthesised pyrazole derivatives interacted well with the selected targets showing docking scores above-5 kcal/mol. Pyrazole 2e interacted well with all the four lung cancer targets with its stable binding mode and was found to be potent as per the in vitro reports, followed by compounds 3d and 2d. Pharmacophore modeling exposed the responsible features responsible for the anticancer action. ADMET properties reported that all the compounds were found to have properties within the standard limit. The activity spectra of the pyrazoles predicted that pyrazolopyridines (2a-2e) are more effective against specific receptors such as EGFR, ALK and Tankyrase. Conclusion: Thus, this study suggests that the synthesised pyrazole derivatives can be further investigated to validate their enzyme inhibitory potentials by in vivo studies.

scholarly journals Possible Implication of Hypoxia-mediated Incomplete Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation in Pneumonia-induced Exacerbation of Lung Diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakiko Masuda ◽  
Kurumi Kato ◽  
Misato Ishibashi ◽  
Yuka Nishibata ◽  
Ayako Sugimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Actin Polymerization ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Trap ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
Underlying Diseases

Abstract When patients with preexisting lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, interstitial pneumonitis, and pulmonary arterial hypertension, develop pneumonia, the complication often exacerbates the underlying diseases. Although neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are important components of innate immune system, the residue of NETs in the tissue can harm the host. We examined the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and NETs in the lungs of patients with lung diseases complicated with pneumonia, and investigated the properties of NETs generated under hypoxia. This study demonstrated that the amount of NETs in pulmonary lesions was greater in patients with pneumonia than in patients without pneumonia and displayed a positive correlation between the amount of NETs and HIF-1α expression. We further demonstrated that the formation of typical lytic NETs was suppressed and round-shaped NETs were generated under hypoxic conditions in vitro. These round NETs were resistant to digestion by the principal NET regulator, DNase I. Focusing on actin rearrangement in neutrophils stimulated under hypoxic conditions, we found that G-actin polymerization and F-actin degradation—both of which are observed time-dependently under normoxic conditions—were disrupted, suggesting that hypoxia mediated the incomplete NET formation. Moreover, neutrophils stimulated under hypoxic conditions possessed cytotoxicity. Accumulation of neutrophils that form degradation-resistant NETs and possess cytotoxicity, which are generated under hypoxic circumstances, are expected to be involved in exacerbation of underlying lung diseases complicated with pneumonia.

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