scholarly journals Power asymmetries in global governance for health: a conceptual framework for analyzing the political-economic determinants of health inequities

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Kentikelenis ◽  
Connor Rochford
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Health Inequities ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
Power Asymmetries ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Global Governance For Health

Abstract Background Recent scholarship has increasingly identified global power asymmetries as the root cause of health inequities. This article examines how such asymmetries manifest in global governance for health, and how this impacts health outcomes. Results We focus on the political-economic determinants of global health inequities, and how these determinants operate at different levels of social action (micro, meso, and macro) through distinct but interacting mechanisms. To clarify how these mechanisms operate, we develop an integrative framework for examining the links between global neoliberalism—the currently dominant policy paradigm premised on advancing the reach of markets and promoting ever-growing international economic integration—and global health inequities, and show how these mechanisms have macro–macro, macro–meso–macro, and macro–micro–macro manifestations. Conclusions Our approach enables the design of theoretically-nuanced empirical strategies to document the multiple ways in which the political economy entrenches or, alternatively, might ameliorate global health inequities.

Governance

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joia S. Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Health System ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Nation State ◽  
System A ◽  
Health Strategy ◽  
External Forces ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
Global Governance For Health

This chapter focuses on governance, a key building block of a health system. A government is responsible for the health of its people. It sets the health strategy and oversees the implementation of health programs. External forces and actors influence the governance of the health sector. This chapter explores governance of health from the perspective of the nation-state coordinating its own health system (sometimes called governance for global health). The chapter examines the internal and external forces that influence national governance for global health. The chapter also looks beyond the level of the nation-state to explore the concept of global governance for health. In the interconnected and globalized world, global governance for health is needed to coordinate the geopolitical forces that impact health and its social determinants.

scholarly journals Achieving Sustainable And Inclusive Economic Growth In Latin America: National Development During The Commodity Boom

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Mares
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Latin American ◽  
National Development ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Resource Wealth ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTThis article examines how government policy affects the sustainability and inclusiveness of national development after the boom. The impact of the latest commodity boom (2003-2014) on the sustainability and inclusiveness of Latin American national development varies, but not by whether governments were ideologically left. I present the economic results of the commodity boom for the major Latin American countries, followed by the social results as measured by the reduction in poverty rates and income inequality. I examine potential countervailing economic factors that could mitigate the importance of the political economic determinants of the use of resource wealth. Finding the countervailing economic factors inadequate to explain the variation in social results, I propose that the political economy of linking resource wealth with economic and social outcomes is the key determinant. I conclude the paper with a discussion of current challenges post-commodity boom.Keywords: Commodity Boom; Poverty; Income Inequality. RESUMOEste artigo examina como a política do governo afeta a sustentabilidade e a inclusão do desenvolvimento nacional após o boom. O impacto do último boom das commodities (2003-2014) na sustentabilidade e inclusão do desenvolvimento nacional da América Latina varia, mas não pelo fato de os governos serem ideologicamente de esquerda. Apresento os resultados econômicos do boom das commodities para os principais países da América Latina, seguidos pelos resultados sociais medidos pela redução das taxas de pobreza e desigualdade de renda. Examino os possíveis fatores econômicos compensatórios que podem mitigar a importância dos determinantes político-econômicos do uso de recursos financeiros. Considerando os fatores econômicos compensadores inadequados para explicar a variação nos resultados sociais, proponho que a economia política de vincular os recursos financeiros a resultados econômicos e sociais seja o principal determinante. Concluo o artigo com uma discussão dos desafios atuais do pós boom das commodities.Palavras-chaves: Boom de Commodities; Pobreza; Desigualdade De Renda.

The Future of Global Governance for Health

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Sidibé ◽  
Helena Nygren-Krug ◽  
Bronwyn McBride ◽  
Kent Buse
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Right ◽  
Development Paradigm ◽  
Global Governance For Health

This chapter argues that the current global health agenda has failed to put people and their rights at the center. With communities unable to have their voices heard, challenge injustice, and hold decision makers to account, states are ill-equipped to realize the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including SDG 3 to ensure healthy lives and well-being for all. The chapter articulates a shift from a discretionary development paradigm to a rights-based paradigm for global health, building on rights-based approaches that have been proven to work—as in the AIDS response. Seven reforms are proposed, addressing: (1) priority-setting, (2) systems for health, (3) data and monitoring, (4) access to justice, (5) the need to safeguard the right to health across sectors, (6) partnerships, and (7) financing. These reforms call for a broad social movement for global governance for health, advancing and operationalizing rights-based approaches across the SDGs.

Overcoming gridlock

2019 ◽  
pp. 343-363
Author(s):  
Ronald Labonté ◽  
Arne Ruckert
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
Global Health Governance ◽  
Health Governance ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Policy Agendas ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Global Governance For Health

Global health governance describes when health organizations, such as the World Health Organization, hold the policy reins. The existence of too many global bodies often with too little authority and frequently with competing policy agendas is giving rise to gridlock in global health governance. At the same time, there are calls to expand this conceptualization to embrace global governance for health, where greater efforts are made to insert health priorities into the decision-making of non-health bodies such as the World Trade Organization, the International Monetary Fund, and other United Nations or international policy forums. The recently minted concept of global health diplomacy describes efforts to understand, and to encourage, greater government engagement with health issues in their international relations and foreign policy decision-making. Although such decision-making is often challenged by competing government goals or interests, the Sustainable Development Goals could be used as an anchor to create stronger global governance for health.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Mason Meier ◽  
Lawrence O. Gostin
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
World Health ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Structural Determinants ◽  
Institutional Determinants ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Right ◽  
Global Governance For Health

This concluding chapter analyzes the structural determinants of human rights mainstreaming for global health and considers common themes for the implementation of human rights through global governance for health. Human rights are implemented in global health through a dynamic global governance system—extending across the World Health Organization’s mandate to realize the right to health; United Nations specialized agency efforts to address health-related human rights; economic governance to support rights-based priorities in public health funding; and human rights governance to advance global health. The unique context of each institution is crucial to implementing human rights for global health; however, there are generalizable institutional themes that can be drawn from these experiences. By comparing the structures that facilitate organizational efforts to advance human rights across the contributing chapters in this edited volume, it becomes possible to understand the institutional determinants of the rights-based approach to health.

Discretionary transfers in Indian federal finance: a panel data analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chittaranjan Nayak ◽  
Priyabrata Satpathy
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Fiscal Transfers ◽  
Political Economic

Purpose Despite existence of a constitutional demarcation of functions and finances between the centre and the states, it is alleged that the centre-state funds transfer systems in India have a political bargaining aspect that goes beyond the normative considerations. This paper makes an attempt to investigate if the political system allows to evolve a simple, equitable, objective and rule-based system of transfers. The aim of this paper is to explore the political economic determinants of discretionary fiscal transfers in India. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on a panel data set of 28 Indian states for the period 2001–2014. After diagnostic checking for fixed effects/random effects, the authors prefer to use fixed effects regression with Driscoll–Kraay standard errors and Arellano–Bover/Blundel and Bond system estimation model that uses moment conditions in which lagged first differences of the dependent variable are instruments for the level equation. Findings The findings of this study reveal that fiscal performance, economic capacity and political alliance are significant but some other political determinants such as bargaining power and election years are not significant in influencing discretionary transfers. Originality/value Considering the limited availability of literature on federal finance, the present paper is an addition to the existing research, especially on a crucial issue concerning extra-constitutional fiscal transfers in India. Analysing a balanced panel comprising all the Indian states and examining the role of various political-economic determinants makes this paper topical.

Cosmopolitan Democracy: Paths and Agents

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Archibugi ◽  
David Held
Keyword(s):  
Global Governance ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Agents ◽  
Cosmopolitan Democracy ◽  
Political Economic

One of the recurrent criticisms of the project of cosmopolitan democracy has been that it has not examined the political, economic and social agents that might have an interest in pursuing this programme. This criticism is addressed directly in this article. It shows that there are a variety of paths that, in their own right, could lead to more democratic global governance, and that there are a diversity of political, economic and social agents that have an interest in the pursuit of these. Cosmopolitan democracy is an open-ended project that aims to increase the accountability, transparency and legitimacy of global governance, and the battery of agents and initiatives outlined highlight the direction and politics required to make it possible.

The political origins of health inequity: the perspective of the Youth Commission on Global Governance for Health

The Lancet ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 383 (9917) ◽  
pp. e12-e13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Unni Gopinathan ◽  
Cristóbal Cuadrado ◽  
Nick Watts ◽  
Renzo R Guinto ◽  
Daniel Hougendobler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Governance ◽  
Health Inequity ◽  
The Political ◽  
Global Governance For Health ◽  
Political Origins

Leisurely Islam

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Deeb ◽  
Mona Harb
Keyword(s):  
Political Context ◽  
The Political ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Spatial Practices ◽  
Class Mobility ◽  
Political Economic

South Beirut has recently become a vibrant leisure destination with a plethora of cafés and restaurants that cater to the young, fashionable, and pious. What effects have these establishments had on the moral norms, spatial practices, and urban experiences of this Lebanese community? From the diverse voices of young Shi'i Muslims searching for places to hang out, to the Hezbollah officials who want this media-savvy generation to be more politically involved, to the religious leaders worried that Lebanese youth are losing their moral compasses, this book provides a sophisticated and original look at leisure in the Lebanese capital. What makes a café morally appropriate? How do people negotiate morality in relation to different places? And under what circumstances might a pious Muslim go to a café that serves alcohol? This book highlights tensions and complexities exacerbated by the presence of multiple religious authorities, a fraught sectarian political context, class mobility, and a generation that takes religion for granted but wants to have fun. The book elucidates the political, economic, religious, and social changes that have taken place since 2000, and examines leisure's influence on Lebanese sociopolitical and urban situations. Asserting that morality and geography cannot be fully understood in isolation from one another, the book offers a colorful new understanding of the most powerful community in Lebanon today.

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