scholarly journals Efficiency in the governance of the Covid-19 pandemic: political and territorial factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro-José Martínez-Córdoba ◽  
Bernardino Benito ◽  
Isabel-María García-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Female Leadership ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The pandemic generated by Covid-19 has changed the way of life of citizens around the world in a short time, affecting all areas of society directly or indirectly, which is facing a global health crisis with different national responses implemented by governments. Several months into the pandemic, the first after-effects of Covid-19 are beginning to be felt by citizens, who are questioning the management carried out so far. In order to improve the performance of governmental decisions to reduce the impact of the pandemic during the coming months, we calculated the levels of efficiency in the management of health resources. In addition, we identify some country characteristics that may condition efficient management. Results We obtained significant differences according to the geographical location of the country, with European and American countries being less efficient than Asian and African countries. Likewise, we can affirm that greater freedom of expression, a higher median age and an unstable economy and labor market reduce efficiency. However, female leadership of the government and greater compliance with the rule of law offer more efficient management, as do countries that derive more revenues from tourism. Conclusions These results provide an opportunity for political leaders to reflect on their management during these months of the pandemic in order to identify mistakes and improve the implementation of effective measures. It has been shown that using more resources does not mean managing better; therefore, policymakers need to pay special attention to the use of resources, taking into account the budgetary constraints of the public sector.

scholarly journals Exit Strategies for COVID 19: An ISM and MICMAC approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debashree Das ◽  
Avik Datta ◽  
Patanjal Kumar
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Exit Strategies ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

COVID 19 pandemic is the worst crisis that mankind has seen since World War-II. It has exposed glaring loopholes in the healthcare system and led to a global health crisis. In absence of any specific treatment or vaccine, countries began to enforce strict lockdown measures leading to a complete shutdown of economic activities. The purpose of this study is to identify key exit strategies that can be implemented to mitigate the impacts of COVID 19. Identification and categorisation of parameters have been done using multi criterion decision making tool of Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) and MICMAC analysis. The study highlights a classification of key strategies based on their driving power and dependence which may enable Government to strengthen the disease surveillance system and effectively reduce the impact of the disease. The findings of the study suggest that Environmental Sustainability and Human Well-being; Online Awareness and Capacity Building Programme; Graded Surveillance- Targeted Restrictions and Stricter norms for Inter-State Mobility; and Harmonization between Centre, State and Local Authorities are the most important strategies that needs to be factored in while planning for the post lockdown economic recovery. Thus, the study can assist the government in devising exit strategies while framing the pandemic response plan.

scholarly journals The Impact of Economic Sanctions on Landlocked States (Comparative Case Studies of CAR and Mali)

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Sharova
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Location ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
International Division ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
Comparative Case Studies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Geographical Feature

Landlocked states are a special category of countries whose economic and social development is associated with a number of additional difficulties due to their geographical location. Among them are: limitation of participation in the international division of labor, high transport costs and costs associated with bureaucratic procedures for crossing the borders of third countries, as well as reducing the competitiveness of exports. The African continent has the largest number of such states. Simultaneously with the indicated political and geographical feature, various sanctions are in force or imposed on a number of this category of African countries, both by the UN and states individually. The sum of these factors negatively affected the development of these states. This article examines in detail two country cases of applying international sanctions against landlocked African countries: the CAR and Mali. The study led to the conclusion that the effectiveness of sanctions imposed against these countries and targeted sanctions against members of their political elites is low. The main damage and negative consequences are for the general population, since they directly relate to everyday life needs and requirements. For a significant part of the population of both countries, the costs of sanctions are compensated by the possibilities of the “economy of war”: illegal extraction of local natural resources, smuggling and speculation of essential goods. Peculiarities of the country’s geographical position, lack of access to the sea, under these conditions, can serve as a factor for further “decoupling” of elites from the sanctions issue and the continuation of their policies.

scholarly journals Life cycle of the regional innovation system of Primorsky Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-64
Author(s):  
Anna Alekseevna Mikhaylova
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Regional Innovation System ◽  
Regional Innovation ◽  
Marine Management ◽  
Kaliningrad Oblast ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Differences between the territories in economic-geographical situation, socioeconomic development, and political conditions of economic activity, the accumulated knowledgebase and competences, generate nonuniformity of the innovation space, where each region is unique and has its own innovative trajectory of innovative development trajectory. The subject of this research is the the process of formation and development of the regional innovation system (RIS) of Primorsky Region. The hypothesis is advanced that the RIS of Primorsky Region has certain peculiarities substantiated by the impact of economic-geographical location, which are reflected in engraining the specificity of marine management in localized innovation processes. The object of this research is the Kaliningrad Oblast located on the coast of the Baltic Sea. The article covers the period from 1945 to 1990, which allowed determining the peculiarities of the three stages of the life cycle of RIS  (origin, development, and maturity), as well as assessing the influence of the factor of coastal location  upon them. The author examines the qualitative and statistical data that characterize the five components of RIS: human resources, infrastructure, research and development, innovation environment, and framework conditions. The novelty of this work lies in application of comprehensive approach towards studying life cycle of RIS in its structural complexity in different time periods, as well as in consideration of coastal specificity of the economy. It is demonstrated that the RIS of Kaliningrad Oblast of the Soviet period specialized in marine management, formed as a result of concerted efforts of the government.

scholarly journals Evidencing the need for psycho-socio-economic action to support the rural upskilled youth to cope with the COVID-19 health crisis: a state-wide audit

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1375
Author(s):  
M D Saju ◽  
Lorane Scaria ◽  
Natania Cheguvera ◽  
Anuja Maria Benny ◽  
Lizy P J ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Development Program ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Basic Amenity ◽  
The Government ◽  
Voice Students ◽  
The Impact

Background: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic extends beyond morbidity and mortality to social, psychological, and economic implications. This study aims to determine the grouping of modifiable impacts of COVID-19 among the rural poor youth working in unorganized sectors in Kerala, India. Methods: We conducted a state-wide telephonic survey, in the context of a COVID-19 national lockdown with 14430 youth, who had been trained through the Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY), a skill development program of the Government of India, in the last year. Economic, health and health care, social and emotional issues, basic amenity needs, and interpersonal issues were explored in detail. We further prioritized the needs of vulnerable subgroups; pregnant women, people living alone, and those living with comorbid health conditions within this population. Results: All the participants were aged between 18-35 years and were economically poor rural residents. Only 28% had a permanent job and 6.8% of the participants were not working due to the COVID-19 related lockdown. Among the issues shared, the five domains with the highest frequency were financial toxicity, such as loss of income (32.99%), poor financial backup and debt (31.29%), concerns regarding the future job opportunities (23.92%) and fear of losing their current job (14.75%). 98% of the respondents expressed interest in following up with supportive engagements. Conclusion: This research aims to voice students’ needs to the concerned authorities to design a multi-sectoral, multi-disciplinary, and multi-systemic approach to reduce their distress in the context of pandemic outbreak.

scholarly journals Spain and Pandemic COVID-19: State of alarm to Climate Lacking in Various Aspects

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 421
Author(s):  
Firsty Chintya Laksmi Perbawani
Keyword(s):  
Response Pattern ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Autonomous Communities ◽  
Political Management ◽  
The Government ◽  
Mitigation Policies

Tulisan ini membahas bagaimana Spanyol merespon fenomena pandemi COVID-19. Fokus dimulai pada awal kemunculan virus yang mendorong pemerintah mengeluarkan kebijakan dengan empat lokus utama: (1) general confinement atau upaya pelarangan masyarakat keluar rumah; (2) penghentian beberapa kegiatan ekonomi; (3) penyediaan sumber daya kesehatan; dan (4) penyusunan kebijakan mitigasi lanjutan. Penulis melihat pola respon yang terjadi cenderung reaktif daripada antisipatif. Walaupun berbagai langkah strategis sudah dilakukan, hingga akhir Juni 2020, Spanyol gagal membendung kurva sehingga menjadi salah satu negara Eropa terburuk dengan total lebih dari 240.000 kasus. Penulis berargumen faktor kontributornya adalah adanya lacking climate atau iklim serba “kekurangan” di berbagai aspek, sehingga menyebabkan Spanyol menjadi episentrum virus. Kekurangan dapat dilihat secara empiris pada aspek manajemen politis yang asimetris antara pemerintah pusat dengan pemerintah lokal di tujuh belas komunitas otonom; aspek teknologi pengumpulan data yang paradoks; aspek pelayanan kesehatan yang bermasalah; hingga aspek organisasional di tataran Uni Eropa yang mengaburkan fokus Spanyol untuk seharusnya membenahi keadaan nasionalnya terlebih dahulu. Tulisan ini membuktikan bahwa koordinasi menjadi hal yang sangat krusial bagi Spanyol dalam menghadapi krisis kesehatan global, COVID-19.Kata kunci: Spanyol, pandemi, COVID-19, state of alarm, normalitas baru This paper discusses how Spain has responded to the COVID-19 outbreaks. The focus of discussion began when virus emergences which prompted the government to issue policies with four main focus: (1) general confinement or efforts to prohibit people from leaving the house; (2) cessation of some economic activities; (3) provision of health resources; and (4) preparation of advanced mitigation policies. The author sees that the response pattern tends to be reactive rather than anticipatory. Although various strategic steps have been taken, Spain failed to stem the curve until the end of June 2020. Therefore, it became one of the worst European countries, with more than 240.000 cases. The author argues that the contributing factor is “lacking climate” in various aspects, causing Spain to become the epicenter of the virus. The shortcomings can be seen empirically in the asymmetric characteristics of political management, between the central government and local government in seventeen autonomous communities; paradoxical aspects of data collection technology; problematic aspects of health services; to the organizational part at the level of the European Union which obscures the focus of Spain on what should first fix its national situation. This paper proves that coordination is very crucial for Spain in facing the global health crisis, COVID-19.Keywords: Spain, pandemic, COVID-19, state of alarm, a new normality

scholarly journals The Impact of Covid19 Pandemic on Online Learning Process in the College at Southeast Sulawesi

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1si) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Alchamdani Alchamdani ◽  
Fatmasari Fatmasari ◽  
Eka Rahmadani Anugrah ◽  
Nahda Putri Sari ◽  
Freddrika Putri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Network Access ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Online Lectures ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
At Home

Introduction: The health crisis that occurred due to the Covid19 pandemic has an impact on the education sector. Universities in Southeast Sulawesi issued a policy to study at home during the Covid19 emergency response period. The existence of the study at home policy caused the change in the learning. The learning process cannot be done directly and is transferred through online learning. The research objective was to determine the impact of the Covid19 pandemic of the online learning process of universities in Southeast Sulawesi. Method: The type of research is a descriptive research and the technique is purposive sampling. The sample in this study were 170 students from several universities in Southeast Sulawesi. Data collection techniques by distributing the questionnaires using google form. Result and Discussion: The results show that the application of online learning is a new experience that provides convenience and flexibility in studying without having to go to campus. Regardless, online learning is still experiencing obstacles. The availability of inadequate network access resulted in unclear communication and instructions in lectures. The ability of the economy to fulfill internet quotas hinders student participation in taking online lectures. Excessive workload makes student concentration decrease. Conclusion: The government needs to ensure the availability of adequate internet network access in all regions and campuses provide subsidized internet quota for students. So, the lecture activities can be run smoothly and as expected.

scholarly journals Financial Inclusion in Ethiopia: Is It on the Right Track?

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tekeste Berhanu Lakew ◽  
Hossein Azadi
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
East African ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Regulatory Guidelines ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

It is important to evaluate the impact of Ethiopia’s financial inclusion strategy since it has been launched in 2014. Accordingly, this paper assesses the extent to which the target has been met. The main aim of this study is to measure the success or failure of Ethiopia’s financial inclusion in comparison with other countries in East Africa. Using secondary data, this study revealed that Ethiopia’s financial inclusion is not as successful as other East African countries. This study also found that Ethiopians prefer informal saving clubs rather than formal financial organs. This preference, combined with unemployment and low income, is the barrier to the financial inclusion strategy. Based on the findings, identifying and addressing root causes should be done by removing distance, cost, credit, and documentation barriers. Moreover, the findings showed that access to public transit can also expand the reach of formal financial institutions by encouraging more people to physically access financial institutions. This study recommended access to formal financial organs as a core to financial institutions. Access to formal financial organs should be boosted through increasing financial institutions. Educating individuals about their financial circumstances were also recommended so that people can increase their formal saving uptake. This paper also recommended that the government develop regulatory guidelines for the functioning of financial institutions. The main outcome, therefore, is that financial institutions could be more transparent and predictable, reduce costs, and simplify the rules for entering the market.

Challenges to the Moroccan economy during the pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Maria I. Makhmutova
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Tax Deductions ◽  
Foreign Loans ◽  
Automotive Production ◽  
The Government ◽  
Medium Businesses ◽  
The Impact

The article examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Moroccan economy, as well as the measures that have been taken by the kingdom's authorities to counter the negative consequences. It is noted that initially, all forecasts shortly before the health crisis concerning Rabat were not objective, since they could not take into account future changes in the world. Thus, Morocco counted on dynamic development in 2020. However, the sudden wave of the pandemic has made a dramatic difference. Important sectors of the economy have been disrupted as global trade chains have been affected. Moreover, Morocco's dependence on foreign capital also demonstrated the fragility of the domestic market. In particular, the kingdom faced an investment freeze and a reduction in foreign exchange remittances by representatives of the Moroccan diaspora abroad. The tourism sector suffered the most, negative shifts were noted in the automotive production, as well as fluctuations affected the country's banking sector, which is dependent on French partners. To neutralize such a strong blow to the Moroccan economy, the government took the path of increasing foreign loans, which led to an increase in debt to 80% of GDP in 2021. To mitigate challenges in the domestic market, Rabat began to develop a number of programs to help the private sector. They affected micro, small and medium businesses. By introducing them, the government expects that by issuing concessional loans, it will be able to achieve a quick revival of small enterprises. In turn, this will reduce unemployment and, possibly, resume the previous volume of tax deductions.

scholarly journals ‘We Are Helpless, Hopeless and Living in Despair’: Impact of COVID-19 on the Overall Health and Well-being, and Participation of the Transgender Community in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 251660262110507
Author(s):  
Satarupa Dasgupta ◽  
Sunny Sinha ◽  
Raina Roy
Keyword(s):  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Transition Services ◽  
Gender Transition ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Marginalised Groups ◽  
The Government ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
The Impact

This article investigates the impact of COVID-19 on the health and lived experiences of the transgender community in India. In particular, the study analyses how COVID-19 affects the lives of the transgender community in terms of their interaction with the government policymaking and identity negotiation, livelihoods, access to health resources, availability of gender transition services and status of mental health. The analysis shows that the COVID-19 pandemic and the government strategies to curb the spread of infection have exacerbated the challenges faced by the transgender community in India and threatened their survival. As disease outbreaks traditionally perpetuate gender inequities and increase vulnerabilities borne by marginalised groups, the analysis has implications for purposefully creating appropriate platforms for participation of the transgender community and designing and delivering suitable programs and services to enhance their welling and human dignity.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Stock Market: Evidence from Romania

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 9315
Author(s):  
Mariana Hatmanu ◽  
Cristina Cautisanu
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Healthcare Crisis ◽  
The Impact

The current health crisis has several socioeconomic influences that could be compared to those experienced during the 2008 economic and financial crisis. Governments around the world are making great efforts to sustain markets as there are signs showing that the health crisis will be followed by an economic crisis. In this study, we aim to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on the Romanian stock market. For this purpose, we considered the influence on the Bucharest Exchange Trading (BET) index of such variables as the number of new cases and the number of new deaths caused by COVID-19, measures taken by authorities, and the international economic context. The collected data covered the period between 11 March 2020 and 30 April 2021. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bound cointegration test was used to measure the impact of COVID-19 on the stock market. The results showed a significant long-term negative impact of the pandemic on the BET index for Romania, while the European economic context had a positive influence. Therefore, these results could be used by authorities as a good guideline for the efficient management of measures that aim to reduce the negative effects of the healthcare crisis.

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