scholarly journals An ethical comparison of living kidney donation and surrogacy: understanding the relational dimension

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Beier ◽  
Sabine Wöhlke
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Kidney Donation ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Living Kidney Donation ◽  
Relational Dynamics ◽  
Commercial Exchange ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Background The bioethical debates concerning living donation and surrogacy revolve around similar ethical questions and moral concepts. Nevertheless, the ethical discourses in both fields grew largely isolated from each other. Methods Based on a review of ethical, sociological and anthropological research this paper aims to link the ethical discourses on living kidney donation and surrogacy by providing a comparative analysis of the two practices’ relational dimension with regard to three aspects, i.e. the normative role of relational dynamics, social norms and gender roles, and reciprocity. Based on this analysis, we derive conclusions for the framing of living organ donation and surrogacy in ethical theory and practice. Results First, our analysis emphasizes the relevance of acknowledging the complex relational implications of living kidney donation and surrogacy. Underestimating this relational dimension may not only lead to individual crises but endanger existing as well as newly emerging familial relationships. Second, we point out differences in the normative assessment of social norms and gender roles in the ethical debates about living kidney donation and surrogacy. In particular, we show how different evaluations of altruism affect the understanding of autonomy in both contexts. In addition, we sensitize for biased perceptions of gender roles. Finally, we argue that challenges resulting from unresolved reciprocity are an issue in living kidney donation and surrogacy independent of whether the exchange of body parts or bodily services is framed as a gift or commercial exchange. By pointing out the limits of financial compensation, we stress the relevance of non-material, relational rewards as potential remedy.

Vietnamese Weddings

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thuc-Doan T. Nguyen ◽  
Russell Belk
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Historical Role ◽  
And Gender

This article examines the historical role of marriage and wedding rituals in Vietnam, and how they have changed during Vietnam’s transition to the market. The authors focus on how changes reflect the society’s increasing dependence on the market, how this dependence impacts consumer well-being, and the resulting implications for public policy. Changes in the meanings, function, and structure of wedding ritual consumption are examined. These changes echo shifts in the national economy, social values, social relations, and gender roles in Vietnamese society during the transition. The major findings show that Vietnamese weddings are reflections of (1) the roles of wedding rituals as both antecedents and outcomes of social changes, (2) the nation’s perception and imagination of its condition relative to “modernity,” and (3) the role of China as a threatening “other” seen as impeding Vietnam’s progress toward “modernization.”

scholarly journals Movilidad cotidiana y roles de género en una ciudad del Caribe colombiano. Una aproximación desde los habitantes del Barrio La Pradera = Dailymobility and gender roles in a ColombianCaribbeancity. An approximation from the population of the La Pradera neighborhood

2019 ◽  
pp. 487
Author(s):  
Mariem Katerine Madera Machado
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Care Work ◽  
Daily Routines ◽  
Daily Mobility ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
The Way

<p><strong>Resumen </strong></p><p>El análisis de la relación entre la movilidad cotidiana y los roles de género en la ciudad de Montería permite una aproximación a la forma como los individuos viven, experimentan su ciudad y al mismo tiempo cuestionar las posturas tradicionales desde la cual es analizada la movilidad cotidiana. Si bien, en la mayoría de los casos estudiados son los roles asociados a la vida pública los que estructuran los recorridos cotidianos, la realización de los quehaceres del trabajo de cuidado son los encargados de limitar y organizar las rutinas cotidianas especialmente en quienes cumplen el rol de madres.</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>The analysis of the relationship between daily mobility and gender roles in the city of Monteria allows an approach to the way peoples live, experience their city and at the same time question the traditional positions from which daily mobility is analyzed. Although, in most of the cases studied, it is the roles associated with public life that structure the daily journeys, the performance of the tasks of care work are responsible for limiting and organizing daily routines especially in those who fulfill the role of mothers.</p>

The Oxford Handbook of Religion, Conflict, and Peacebuilding

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Use Of Force ◽  
Conflict Transformation ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
American University ◽  
University Campuses ◽  
The Third ◽  
Liberal Peace ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Context Specific

This book provides a comprehensive, interdisciplinary account of the scholarship on religion, conflict, and peacebuilding. Extending that inquiry beyond its traditional parameters, the volume explores the legacies of colonialism, missionary activism, secularism, orientalism, and liberalism. While featuring case studies from diverse contexts and traditions, the volume is organized thematically, beginning with a mapping of scholarship on religion, violence, and peace. The second part scrutinizes challenges to secularist theorizing of questions of conflict transformation and broadens the discussion of violence to include an analysis of its cultural, religious, and structural forms. The third part engages contested issues such as religion’s relations to development, violent and nonviolent militancy, and the legitimate use of force; the protection of the freedom of religion in resolving conflicts; and gender as it relates to religious peacebuilding. The fourth part highlights the practice of peacebuilding through exploring constructive resources within various traditions, the transformative role of rituals, spiritual practices in the formation of peacebuilders, interfaith activism on American university campuses, the relation of religion to solidarity activism, and scriptural reasoning as a peacebuilding practice. It also offers extended reflections on the legacy of missionary peacebuilding activism and the neoliberal framing of peacebuilding schemes and agendas. The volume is innovative because the authors grapple with the tension between theory and practice, cultural theory’s critique of the historicity of the very categories informing the discussion, and the challenge that the justpeace frame makes to the liberal peace paradigm, offering elicitive, elastic, and context-specific insights for strategic peacebuilding processes.

“Cinderella” Vs “Timun Mas”: Exploring Gender Stereotypes and Culture as Learning Material Purposes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
Cynantia Rachmijati ◽  
Sri Supiah Cahyati
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Learning Material ◽  
Learning Materials ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cultural Content ◽  
And Gender

Gender roles are an important part of culture. How the genders are portrayed in the literature contributes to the image young adults develops of their gender roles and the role of gender in the social order. This research entitled  “Cinderella VS Timun Mas : Exploring gender stereotypes and culture as learning materials purposes” aimed to analyze the content of both “Cinderella” and “Timun Mas” which cover: 1. Occupations and Gender Stereotypes; 2 Centrality of Female and Male Characters; 3. Culture Content ; and 4 Suitability as learning material purposes. This research is a qualitative study using content analysis. It was carried out with procedures: collecting, analyzing, and presenting data. Based on research questions it is revealed that for occupation and gender types showed that “Timun mas” has varieties of gender with 66,67% reference whereas “Cinderella” only has 50% references. For the centrality of male and female character, “Cinderella’ has more varieties in 37,5% male and 62,5% female whereas in “Timun Mas” showed 50% for both genders”. For the cultural content, in “Timun Mas” the cultural content found was 60% and in “Cinderella” was 80%. And the suitability to be used as learning materials showed that “Timun Mas” checked with 16 points whereas “Cinderella” checked with 20 points. It can be concluded that both can be used as authentic learning materials for gender references, but “Cinderella” has more varieties and cultural content compared to “Timun Mas”.

scholarly journals Social norms of sexual initiation among adolescents and gender relations

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Luiza Vilela Borges ◽  
Eunice Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Gender Relations ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
Sexual Initiation ◽  
Sexual Relation ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Moment

This study aimed to identify standards and expectations regarding sexual initiation of 14 to 18 year-old adolescents in Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil, using data from four focal groups conducted in 2006. Results revealed that gender issues are clearly present in participants' reports and showed to be essential in their choices about the moment, partners and contraceptive practices in the first sexual relation. Adolescents are subordinated to gender roles, traditionally attributed to male and female genders, i.e. the notion that sex is an uncontrolled instinct for boys, and intrinsically and closely associated to love and desire for girls. Adolescents also play a preponderant role in the perpetuation of these values within the group they live in.

The Role of Demographic Characteristics in the Outcomes of Cataract Surgery and Gender Roles in the Uptake of Postoperative Eye Care: A Hospital-based Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Hashemi ◽  
Seyed-Farzad Mohammadi ◽  
Hadi Z-Mehrjardi ◽  
Mercede Majdi ◽  
Elham Ashrafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Eye Care ◽  
And Gender

scholarly journals Analysis of Heteronormativity and Gender Roles in EFL Textbooks

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Raúl Ruiz-Cecilia ◽  
Juan Ramón Guijarro-Ojeda ◽  
Carmen Marín-Macías
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Units Of Analysis ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Right ◽  
Homophobic Harassment ◽  
Insight Into

This paper examines the current representations of gender roles and heteronormativity in a corpus of textbooks used to teach English as a Foreign Language (EFL) in Spanish high schools. Several studies have documented the importance of recognizing problems of homophobic harassment and gender bias which may result in a significant number of students feeling excluded. It is notable that textbook publishers have failed to address this issue despite its relevance to the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), raising the question of why this continues to go unnoticed by textbook publishers. The corpus selected comprises two sets of textbooks printed by leading publishers in the area of EFL. In order to gain insight into this issue, we have conducted a qualitative study analyzing the role of textbooks in perpetuating heteronormativity and stereotyped gender roles by exemplifying the naturalized heterosexual and male/female identities. Data were coded under two broad variables: heteronormativity and gender, which in turn were broken down into different units of analysis. The results suggested that heteronormativity still permeates the whole curriculum and that attempts to gender-balance need to be improved by reducing the number of male protagonists. Textbooks fell into some of the same clichés with regard to gender-related stereotypes, such as almost exclusively linking women with shopping and fashion. It is evidently clear from the findings that textbooks should be revised to ensure the right to quality education for all and to make students aware of SDGs, since 7 out of 17 are related to the target topics.

scholarly journals Modernism and Feminism Representations of Women in Modernist Art and Literature

wisdom ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Mane Khachibabyan
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
Pablo Picasso ◽  
Edouard Manet ◽  
Edgar Degas ◽  
Art And Literature ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Representations Of Women

This article demonstrates the place and role of the image of women in modernist art and literature, mainly focusing on Impressionism and Post-impressionism. It discusses the unique works of modernist painters and writers (Marie Cassatt, Edgar Degas, Edouard Manet, Pablo Picasso and Virginia Woolf) to explore how modernist art and literature both defined, reflected and shaped gender roles. The article discourses on the representations of feminist views and gender inequality in the works of some modernist artists.

scholarly journals The role of gender in the use of Hungarian address forms

2019 ◽  
pp. 175-187
Author(s):  
Ágnes Domonkosi
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Social Constructivism ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Address Forms ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
And Gender

Forms of address are directly related to the nature of social relationships. The gender of the discourse partners, including the question whether they are of the same or different genders, thus has an impact on the use of forms of address. The goal of this paper is to highlight the major gender-related characteristics of Hungarian address practices by reporting on a comprehensive sociolinguistic study based on questionnaires and interviews. In line with the perspective of social constructivism, the gender-related usage patterns of address forms are interpreted as actively shaping the construal of particular relationships and gender roles rather than merely reflecting them. Thus, the research findings suggest that iterative patterns in the use of more confidential/affectionate forms with women contribute to the maintenance of female gender roles.

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