scholarly journals Plantar soft tissues and Achilles tendon thickness and stiffness in people with diabetes: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedictine Yen Chen Khor ◽  
James Woodburn ◽  
Lisa Newcombe ◽  
Ruth Barn
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Tissue Stiffness ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
Tendon Stiffness ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Tendon Thickness

Abstract Background Diabetes mellitus is associated with changes in soft tissue structure and function. However, the directionality of this change and the extent to which either tissue thickness or stiffness contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetes-related foot ulcerations is unclear. Hence, this systematic review aims to summarise the existing evidence for soft tissue structural differences in the feet of people with and without diabetes. Methods In compliance with MOOSE and PRISMA guidelines, AMED, CINAHL, MEDLINE, ProQuest Health & Medical Collection, ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Database, and Web of Science electronic databases were systematically searched for studies published from database inception until 1st October 2020 [Prospero CRD42020166614]. Reference lists of included studies were further screened. Methodological quality was appraised using a modified critical appraisal tool for quantitative studies developed by McMaster University. Results A total of 35 non-randomised observational studies were suitable for inclusion. Within these, 20 studies evaluated plantar tissue thickness, 19 studies evaluated plantar tissue stiffness, 9 studies evaluated Achilles tendon thickness and 5 studies evaluated Achilles tendon stiffness outcomes. No significant differences in plantar tissue thickness were found between people with and without diabetes in 55% of studies (11/20), while significantly increased plantar tissue stiffness was found in people with diabetes in 47% of studies (9/19). Significantly increased Achilles tendon thickness was found in people with diabetes in 44% of studies (4/9), while no significant differences in Achilles tendon stiffness were found between people with and without diabetes in 60% of studies (3/5). Conclusions This systematic review found some evidence of soft tissue structural differences between people with and without diabetes. However, uncertainty remains whether these differences independently contribute to diabetes-related foot ulcerations. The heterogeneity of methodological approaches made it difficult to compare across studies and methodological quality was generally inadequate. High-quality studies using standardised and validated assessment techniques in well-defined populations are required to determine more fully the role of structural tissue properties in the pathogenesis of diabetes-related foot ulcerations.

scholarly journals Accuracy and Reliability of Soft Tissue Landmarks Using Three-Dimensional Imaging in Comparison With Two-Dimensional Cephalometrics: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-296
Author(s):  
Adeeba Ali ◽  
Anil K. Chandna ◽  
Anshul Munjal
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Database Search ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Imaging Tool ◽  
Electronic Database Search

Background: Concerns about the accuracy and reliability of soft tissue landmarks using two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) imaging. Objective: The aim of the systematic review is to estimate accuracy and reliability of soft tissue landmarks with 2D imaging and 3D imaging for orthodontic diagnosis planning and treatment planning purposes. Data Sources: Electronic database search was performed in MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase via embase.com, and the Cochrane library website. Selection Criteria: The data were extracted according to two protocols based on Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM) critical appraisal tools. Next, levels of evidence were categorized into three groups: low, medium, and high. Data Synthesis: Fifty-five publications were found through database search strategies. A total of nine publications were included in this review. Conclusion According to the available literature, 3D imaging modalities were more accurate and reliable as compared to 2D modalities. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was considered the most reliable imaging tool for soft tissues.

Soft Tissue Thickness Variations of the Nose: A Radiological Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 711-718
Author(s):  
Melekber Çavuş Özkan ◽  
Fatma Yeşil ◽  
İnci Bayramiçli ◽  
Mehmet Bayramiçli
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Soft Tissue Coverage ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Soft Tissue Envelope ◽  
Soft Tissue Thickness ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Background Soft tissue thickness (STT) is a major factor affecting the outcome in rhinoplasty. However, limited information is found in the literature on the age- and gender-related variations of the nasal STT. Objectives The purpose of this study was to measure STT at various landmarks over the nasal framework and compare the age- and gender-related differences. Methods STT measurements were made at 11 landmarks in 325 patients by employing magnetic resonance imaging. Patients were divided into subgroups to compare the STT differences between female and male and between the age groups as young, middle age, and elderly. Results Soft tissue was thickest at the nasion and thinnest at the rhinion. The soft tissue coverage was significantly thicker in the male population at the supratip, tip, nasal bones, upper lateral cartilages, and alar lobules, whereas it is thicker in females at the rhinion. Average thickness of the soft tissues over the entire nasal framework increases with age except the rhinion. Conclusions The STT is variable over different parts of the osteocartilaginous framework. Gender and age influence the STT. The soft tissue is thicker at the distal half of the nose in male patients, and these areas become gradually thicker with age, whereas the soft tissue over the midvault becomes thinner. Increasing age presents a particular challenge to achieve predictable results in rhinoplasty, and an understanding of the soft tissue envelope allows for improved aesthetic outcome. Level of Evidence 2

scholarly journals Oral Health and Molecular Aspects of Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma Patients: A Systematic Review of the Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1426
Author(s):  
Khrystyna Zhurakivska ◽  
Giuseppe Troiano ◽  
Marco Montella ◽  
Lorenzo Lo Muzio ◽  
Luca Fiorillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Fibrous Histiocytoma ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Short Period

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas in adults. It occurs only occasionally in oral soft tissues, and knowledge about its characteristics is based on a limited number of cases reported in the literature. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma belongs to the group of soft tissue sarcomas and makes up less than 10% of soft tissue sarcomas. For therapeutic purposes, complete exeresis of the lesion (macroscopic and microscopic) is performed because they have frequent recurrences. As for complementary therapy in addition to surgery, neither radiotherapy nor chemotherapy have been shown to reduce the risk of death related to the disease. Often patients complain of a swelling that grows in a short period of time. It is quite common for patients to report trauma in the area, which is not the cause, but rather the event that allows diagnosis. The mass usually does not cause pain unless it compresses an adjacent nerve structure. The aim of this study is to systematically review the scientific literature in order to identify the most recent studies concerning malignant fibrous histiocytomas localized in oral soft tissues and report their main data. The main outcomes of this study concern the immunohistochemical, molecular, and clinical aspects of this pathology. A systematic review of articles in the electronic databases pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science was performed. After the selection process, 11 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The mean age of the patients was 50.8 years old. The lesions affected various parts of the oral cavity, showing predominantly storiform–pleomorphic patterns. All cases except one were treated with surgical resection and radiation therapy. Although some data emerged from this review, they remain limited to a few case reports. Further studies are necessary in order to standardize the approach to patients affected by oral malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH).

scholarly journals What is the effect of soft tissue thickness on crestal bone loss around dental implants? A systematic review

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 1046-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliye Akcalı ◽  
Anna Trullenque-Eriksson ◽  
Chuanming Sun ◽  
Aviva Petrie ◽  
Luigi Nibali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
Soft Tissue Thickness ◽  
Crestal Bone Loss

scholarly journals Збільшення ширини кератинізованих ясен та товщини м’яких тканин у периімплантатній ділянці: аналітичне опрацювання даних та результатів систематичних оглядів

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
M. M. Boychuk ◽  
M. Yu. Goncharuk-Khomyn ◽  
A. L. Cavalcanti ◽  
H. Lerner
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
Publication Type ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Soft Tissue Thickness ◽  
Systematic Reviews As Topic ◽  
Keratinized Mucosa

Резюме. Відмінність в особливостях будови м’яких тканин навколо дентальних імплантатів,  порівняно зі структурою пародонта власних зубів, що визначається, зокрема паралельною орієнтованістю волокон відноcно поверхні трансмукозного абатмента та іншими характеристиками,  певною мірою знижує захисний потенціал периімплантатного м’якотканинного бар’єра, що в специфічних клінічних умовах при відповідних показаннях обґрунтовує доцільність проведення різних типів аугментаційних втручань. Мета дослідження – проаналізувати дані систематичних оглядів та асоційованих досліджень, в яких висвітлено результати збільшення ширини кератинізованих ясен та товщини м’яких тканин у периімплантатній ділянці при використанні відповідних методів втручання та підходи до цільового вибору останніх. Матеріали і методи.  Відповідно до поставленої мети дослідження в пошуковій базі Google Scholar та електронній базі даних PubMed здійснювався пошук наукових публікацій за ключовими словами («keratinized gingiva», «keratinized mucosa», «width», «soft tissue», «thickness», «peri-implant», «systematic review», «treatment method») та Mesh-термінами відповідно (алгоритм пошуку: implant[All Fields] AND keratinized[All Fields] AND («systematic review»[Publication Type] OR «systematic reviews as topic»[MeSH Terms] OR «systematic review»[All Fields]) AND («therapy»[Subheading] OR «therapy»[All Fields] OR «treatment»[All Fields] OR «therapeutics»[MeSH Terms] OR «therapeutics»[All Fields])). Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Проведений аналіз систематичних оглядів підтвердив, що успішність проведеної м’якотканинної аугментації дійсно залежить від особливостей маніпуляції та специфіки застосовуваних матеріалів. У ході планування проведення процедури м’якотканинної аугментації з метою збільшення ширини кератинізованих ясен та товщини м’яких тканин в периімплантатній ділянці доцільно враховувати клінічні рекомендації консенсусного рішення Osteology Foundation від 2018 р. та алгоритм диференційованого вибору методу втручання за Bassetti. Висновки. Після опрацювання даних систематичних оглядів та асоційованих досліджень, в яких було наведено результати збільшення ширини кератинізованих ясен та товщини м’яких тканин після застосування різних підходів до м’якотканинної аугментації у периімплантатній ділянці, й встановлено, що реалізація технік апікально та коронально зміщених клаптів відповідно до комбінації із аутогенними сполучнотканинними трансплантатами або вільними ясенними графтами характеризується найвищим рівнем довгострокової прогнозованості результатів. Отримані в ході аналізу дані є недостатніми для статистичного обґрунтування вищої ефективності одного з методів,  порівняно з іншими, що також обґрунтовано гетерогенністю дизайнів проаналізованих досліджень та використанням різних видів критеріїв оцінки приросту ширини кератинізованих ясен та товщини м’яких тканин.

scholarly journals Modifications of Midfacial Soft-Tissue Thickness Among Different Skeletal Classes in Italian Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Daniele Gibelli ◽  
Matteo Zago ◽  
Annalisa Cappella ◽  
Claudia Dolci ◽  
Chiarella Sforza
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
Facial Soft Tissue ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Soft Tissue Thickness ◽  
Italian Children ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The anatomical assessment of the arrangement of facial soft tissues has important applications in different fields from orthodontics to plastic surgery. One of the issues concerns the relationship between facial soft tissue thickness and skeletal class. Literature mainly deals with adult populations, whereas very few studies have been focused on children. Objective: This study aims at investigating the relationship between midline facial soft tissue thickness and skeletal classes in Italian pre-treatment orthodontic child patients. Methods: Lateral cephalometric X-ray films were obtained from 220 healthy Caucasoid children (91 males and 129 females), aged between 6 and 18 years (Class I: 41 males and 70 females; Class II: 18 males and 25 females; Class III: 32 males and 34 females). All the films were digitized and 14 soft tissue thicknesses were measured on the midface; in addition, the skeletal class was assessed according to the corrected ANB angle (ANBc). Differences in facial soft tissue thickness according to sex and skeletal class were assessed through two-way ANOVA test (p<0.01). Results: Statistically significant differences according to sex were found for labrale superius, stomion and labrale inferius, with thicker soft tissues in males than in females (p<0.01). Only measurements at labrale superius and gnathion showed statistically significant differences according to skeletal class, with thicker soft tissues in Class III children and thinner ones in Class II children (p<0.01). Conclusion: The limited number of investigations, as well as the differences in protocols, renders the comparison of results from different studies difficult, suggesting further investigations to enlighten this complex and debated anatomical issue.

scholarly journals Beta-lactam vs Fluoroquinolone Monotherapy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Reid ◽  
Ryan Walters ◽  
Christopher Destache
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissue Infection ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Tissue Infection ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Bacteriological Eradication ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is a leading cause of healthcare-associated infections. A variety of antibiotic classes are used in the treatment of PA infections, including beta-lactams (BLs) and fluoroquinolones (FQs), given either together in combination therapy or alone in monotherapy. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of BL agents versus FQ agents as active, definitive monotherapy in PA infections in adults.Methods: Comprehensive literature searches of Medline and Scopus electronic databases, alongside hand searches of the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PubMed, and Google Scholar, were performed without time restriction to identify studies published in English comparing BL and FQ agents given as monotherapy for PA infection in hospitalized adults for which mortality, bacteriological eradication, or clinical response was evaluated. One reviewer screened search results based on pre-defined selection criteria. Two reviewers independently assessed included studies for methodological quality using NIH assessment tools. Two fixed-effects meta-analyses were performed.Results: A total of 368 articles were screened, and 6 studies involving 338 total patients were included in the meta-analysis. Upon evaluation of methodological quality, 2 studies were rated good, 3 fair, and 1 poor. A meta-analysis of 3 studies demonstrates FQ monotherapy is associated with significantly improved survival compared to BL monotherapy for patients with PA bacteremia (OR, 3.65; 95% CI, 1.27-10.44; p=.02). A meta-analysis of 3 studies demonstrates FQ monotherapy is associated with equivalent bacteriological eradication compared to BL monotherapy for PA pneumonia or skin and soft tissue infection (RD, 0.07; 95% CI, -0.09 to 0.24; p=.39).Conclusion: The meta-analyses demonstrate FQ monotherapy significantly improves survival in PA bacteremia and is associated with similar rates of bacteriological eradication in pneumonia and skin and soft tissue infection caused by PA compared to BL monotherapy. However, more research is needed to make meaningful clinical recommendations.

scholarly journals Differences in Achilles tendon stiffness in people with gout.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Otter ◽  
Payne Catherine ◽  
Jones Anna-Marie ◽  
Webborn Nick ◽  
Watt Peter
Keyword(s):  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Shear Wave ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Tissue Elasticity ◽  
Tendon Stiffness ◽  
Chronic Gout ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tendon Thickness

Abstract Background Chronic gout is associated with weaker foot/leg muscles, altered gait patterns and on-going foot pain. Inflammation associated with gout may change tissue elasticity and ultrasound imaging (US) utilising shear wave elastography (SWE) offers a non-invasive method of quantifying these changes in tendon stiffness and SWE findings have not previously been reported in individuals with gout. We sought to determine differences in Achilles tendon stiffness in people with chronic gout compared to controls (non-gout). Methods A cross sectional study comparing 24 people with gout and 26 age/sex-matched controls. Clinical and demographic data were collated and US imaging used to determine tendon thickness, presence of gouty tophi and/or aggregates and levels of angiogenesis. Ten shear wave elastography (SWE) measures were taken along a longitudinal section of the mid-point of the Achilles tendon bilaterally. Prior to data collection, intra-observer error was good (0.75). Data were summarised using descriptive statistics and a repeated measures ANCOVA was used to compare SWE measures between the two groups for the left and right foot separately after accounting for Body Mass Index (BMI). Results: A small proportion of those with gout presented with intra-tendon aggregates and/or intra-tendon tophi in one or both tendons. There was no statistically significant difference in tendon thickness between groups. Neo-vascularity was present in a third of gout participants. SWE findings demonstrated significantly reduced tendon stiffness in those with gout compared to controls: right Achilles mdiff =1.04 (95% CI (0.38 to 1.7) p=0.003 and left Achilles mdiff = 0.7 (95% CI 0.09 to 1.32) p=0.025. Conclusion: Subjects with chronic gout show significantly reduced Achilles tendon stiffness compared to non-gout controls. From a clinical standpoint, our findings were similar to SWE measurements in subjects with Achilles tendinopathy and who did not have gout.

Numerical Analysis of Elasticity Measurement of Soft Tissues via a 2D Distributed-Deflection Sensor: Significance of Tissue Parameters

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yichao Yang ◽  
Arthur Weidemann ◽  
Charles Tison ◽  
Zhili Hao
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Tissue Elasticity ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
Compression Depth ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Tissue Region ◽  
Elasticity Measurement

This paper reports on a numerical study on how the elasticity of soft tissue measured by a Compression-Relaxation (C-R) testing method via a two-dimensional (2D) distributed-deflection sensor varies with the tissue parameters (i.e., elasticity, thickness and in-plane dimension). The 2D sensor entails a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) micro structure embedded with a 3×3 sensing-plate/transducer array deposited on a Pyrex substrate. By moving the 2D sensor against a soft tissue region with a pre-defined compression pattern, the average deflection-depth slope of the deflections of the sensing-plate array versus the compression depth of the testing tissue is measured, and is translated to the measured tissue elasticity via a 1D theoretical model. Since the measured tissue elasticity arises from the tissue-sensor interaction, a numerical model, which includes the 2D sensor and a soft tissue underneath, is created in COMSOL to investigate the sensitivity of the measured tissue elasticity to tissue parameters including tissue thickness, in-plane dimension and elasticity. The numerical results reveal that the theoretical model causes a 20% overestimate on the inherent tissue elasticity in the range of 25kPa∼200kPa. The measured tissue elasticity does not vary with tissue thickness when tissue thickness is above 6mm. However, a relatively thin tissue leads to higher measured tissue elasticity. As long as the tissue in-plane dimension is larger than the sensor in-plane dimension, the measured tissue elasticity is insensitive to the tissue in-plane dimension.

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