Trends and determinants of teenage childbearing in Ethiopia: evidence from the 2000 to 2016 demographic and health surveys

This study entailed a quantitative, cross-sectional survey amongst young people in four villages of the Vhembe district of the Limpopo province. The purpose of the research was to determine the sexual health risk behaviour indicators prevalent amongst young people that could contribute to the spread of HIV and AIDS in this district. The objectives of this study were (1) to identify sexual risk behaviour, (2) to establish the prevalence of substance use before sexual intercourse, (3) to determine the prevalence of coerced sexual intercourse and (4) to determine the prevalence of forced sexual intercourse amongst young people in the Vhembe district.Purposive sampling was used to select the four villages that participated in the study and simple,random sampling was used to select the respondents. A total of 400 respondents participated in the study, 227 of which were female and 173 were male. The following sexual risk behaviour indicators were identified (1) early sexual debut, (2) teenage pregnancy and (3) early marriage. It was found that young people expose themselves to sexual intercourse without condoms, and that they are likely to have sexual intercourse without a condom in return for reward, and to have sexual intercourse with a famous person. Approximately 20% of the sexually active respondents had used substances before sexual intercourse. Alcohol and marijuana (‘dagga’) were most commonly used amongst those respondents taking substances before sexual intercourse, and these were used predominantly in coerced and forced sexual intercourse.OpsommingDie studie was ’n kwantitatiewe, deursnee-opname wat onder jongmense in vier dorpies in die Vhembe-distrik van die Limpopo-provinsie uitgevoer is. Die doel van die navorsing was om vas te stel watter aanwysers van risikogedrag ten opsigte van seksuele gesondheid onder die jongmense voorkom wat moontlik tot die verspreiding van MIV en vigs in hierdie distrik bydra. Die doelstellings van hierdie studie was om (1) seksuele risikogedrag te identifiseer, (2) die voorkoms van middelgebruik voor seksuele omgang te bepaal, (3) die voorkoms van gedwonge seksuele omgang en (4) die voorkoms van geforseerde seksuele omgang onder jongmense in die Vhembedistrik te bepaal.Doelgerigte steekproefneming is gebruik om die vier dorpies wat aan die studie deelgeneem het, te selekteer en eenvoudige ewekansige steekproefneming is gebruik om die respondente te selekteer.’n Totaal van 400 respondente het aan die studie deelgeneem, waarvan 227 vroulik en 173 manlik was. Die volgende aanwysers van seksuele risikogedrag is geïdentifiseer (1) vroeë seksuele debuut,(2) tienerswangerskap en (3) vroeë huwelik. Daar is gevind dat jongmense hulself aan seksuele omgang sonder kondome blootstel, en dat hulle waarskynlik seksuele omgang sonder ’n kondoom sal hê in ruil vir vergoeding en seksuele omgang met ’n bekende persoon sal hê. Ongeveer 20% van die seksueel aktiewe respondente het middels voor seksuele omgang gebruik. Alkohol en marijuana(‘dagga’) was die algemeenste middels onder diegene wat middels voor seksuele omgang gebruikhet, en dit is meestal in gedwonge en geforseerde seksuele omgang gebruik.

Spatial pattern and Factors associated with khat chewing among adult males 15-59 years in Ethiopia, EDHS 2016. Generalized Estimating Equation Approach

10.21203/rs.2.21460/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zemenu Tessema Tadesse ◽

Tadele Amare Zeleke

Keyword(s):

Spatial Pattern ◽

Estimating Equation ◽

Scan Statistics ◽

Outcome Variable ◽

P Value ◽

Age Group ◽

Adult Males ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Khat Chewing ◽

Generalized Estimating

Abstract Background Khat chewing has become prevalent in the world due to the improvement of road and air transportation. In Ethiopia, khat chewing is more prevalent and wildly practiced by men. Khat has a negative effect on social, economic and mental health. Therefore, this study aims to show spatial patterns and factors associated with khat chewing among male adults 15-59 years in Ethiopia. Methods A total of 12,594 men who chew khat in their were included in this study. ArcGIS version 10.7 software was used to visualize spatial pattern chewing khat among adult men in Ethiopia. The Bernoulli model was applied using Kilduff SaTScan version 9.6 software to identify significant purely spatial clusters for chewing khat in Ethiopia. The robust standard error method of generalized estimating equations was used for the binary outcome variable from the clustered data and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence interval were reported. Results A total of 12,594 participants were included in the analysis. The prevalence of ever khat chewing in this study was 3418 (27.14%) with 95% CI 26.37% to 27.92%. From EDHS 2016 survey the high proportion of chewing khat was located in Diredawa, Harari, Southern Oromia, Somai and Benishangu Gumuz Regions. In spatial scan statistics analysis, a total of 126 clusters (RR= 4.02, P-value < 0.001) was identified. Age group 30-44 (AOR=1.44, 95% CI: 1.27, 1.62), being single (AOR=1.86, 95% CI: 1.64, 2.12), Muslim religion (AOR=4.91, 95% CI: 3.69, 8.19), media exposure (AOR=0.77, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.86), working status(AOR=0.45, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.53), alcohol drinking (AOR=2.91, 95% CI: 2.43, 3.39) and region were statistically significant factors affecting chewing Khat in Ethiopia. Conclusions The prevalence of chewing chat in Ethiopia was high and located in Diredawa, Harari, Southern Oromia, Somai and Benishangu Gumuz Regions. Older age group, single, drinker, media unexposed, had no work and Muslim religion follower should be given spatial attention in reducing the prevalence of chewing khat. Therefore, it is good to teach the health impact of khat chewing through media.

Spatial distribution and associated factors’ of Early Marriage among Reproductive age women in Ethiopia: A Secondary Data Analysis of Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016.

10.21203/rs.2.23055/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zemenu Tessema Tadesse

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Health Survey ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Demographic And Health Survey ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Scan Statistics ◽

Early Marriage ◽

P Value ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Reproductive Age Women

Abstract Background Besides, the presence of national law, the country has to set up its own mid-term and long term goals to bring about a significant reduction in child marriages in Ethiopia. To achieve this, determining the spatial pattern of early marriage and factors associated is important for government, other concerned bodies, program implementers and policy developers to end up early childhood marriage. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the spatial patterns and associated factors of Early marriage among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia. Methods This study analyzed retrospectively a cross-sectional data on a weighted sample of 11,646 women aged 15-49 years after requesting from Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016 via the link www.measuredhs.com . ArcGIS version 10.7 software was used to visualize spatial distribution for Early marriage. The Bernoulli model was applied using Kilduff SaTScan version 9.6 software to identify significant purely spatial clusters for Early marriage in Ethiopia multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with early marriage. Finally, variables with a p-value<0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results In this analysis, about 62.8% (95%CI: 61.9, 63.74%) of the study participants were married before they reached 18 years. The overall median age at first marriage was 17.1 with IQR 5 years. The high clustering of early marriage was located in Amhara, Afar, and Gambella Regions. In spatial Scan statistics 87 clusters (RR = 1.28, P-value < 0.001) significant primary clusters were identified. The associated factors of early marriage were lesser among women’s attending primary (AOR=0.60; 95%CI: 0.51, 0.71), secondary (AOR=0.19; 95%CI: 0.13, 0.26) and tertiary education (AOR=0.11; 95%CI: 0.07, 0.18). Similarly, women found in Addis Ababa were at a lesser risk of early marriage compared to other regions of the country. Conclusion Marriage below age 18 was high in Ethiopia. High-risk area of early marriage was located in Amhara, Afar, and Gambella and special attention should be given for identified risk areas. Therefore, providing educational opportunities to young girls was important in addition to inhibiting the marriage of girls under 18 years.

Spatial patterns and associated factors’ of Early Marriage among Reproductive age women in Ethiopia: a Secondary Analysis of Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016

10.21203/rs.2.23055/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zemenu Tessema Tadesse

Keyword(s):

Spatial Patterns ◽

Health Survey ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Demographic And Health Survey ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Scan Statistics ◽

Early Marriage ◽

P Value ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Reproductive Age Women

Abstract Background Besides, the presence of national law, the country has to set up its own mid-term and long term goals to bring about a significant reduction in child marriages in Ethiopia. To achieve this, determining the spatial pattern of early marriage and factors associated is important for government, other concerned bodies, program implementers and policy developers to end up early childhood marriage. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the spatial patterns and associated factors of Early marriage among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia. Methods This study analyzed retrospectively a cross-sectional data on a weighted sample of 11,646 women aged 15-49 years after requesting from Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016 via the link www.measuredhs.com . ArcGIS version 10.7 software was used to visualize spatial distribution for Early marriage. The Bernoulli model was applied using Kilduff SaTScan version 9.6 software to identify significant purely spatial clusters for Early marriage in Ethiopia multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with early marriage. Finally, variables with a p-value<0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results In this analysis, about 62.8% (95%CI: 61.9, 63.74%) of the study participants were married before they reached 18 years. The overall median age at first marriage was 17.1 with IQR 5 years. The high clustering of early marriage was located in Amhara, Afar, and Gambella Regions. In spatial Scan statistics 87 clusters (RR = 1.28, P-value < 0.001) significant primary clusters were identified. The associated factors of early marriage were lesser among women’s attending primary (AOR=0.60; 95%CI: 0.51, 0.71), secondary (AOR=0.19; 95%CI: 0.13, 0.26) and tertiary education (AOR=0.11; 95%CI: 0.07, 0.18). Similarly, women found in Addis Ababa were at a lesser risk of early marriage compared to other regions of the country. Conclusion Marriage below age 18 was high in Ethiopia. High-risk area of early marriage was located in Amhara, Afar, and Gambella and special attention should be given for identified risk areas. Therefore, providing educational opportunities to young girls was important in addition to inhibiting the marriage of girls under 18 years.

Pre-menarche adolescent girls’ menstrual knowledge and preparedness to menarche in North Shewa zone of Amhara region, Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-73097/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Abayneh Birlie Zeru ◽

Mikyas Arega Muluneh

Keyword(s):

Adolescent Girls ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Outcome Variable ◽

P Value ◽

Emotional Wellbeing ◽

Amhara Region ◽

Factors Associated ◽

The North ◽

Menstrual Knowledge

Abstract Background: Many adolescent girls in Ethiopia attain menarche without adequate knowledge and preparation which could have a distressing negative impact on their psychosocial, physical, and emotional wellbeing. This study aimed to assess pre-menarche adolescent girls’ menstrual knowledge and preparedness to menstruation and associated factors in the North Shewa Zone of the Amhara region.Methods: A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted on participants selected through a multi-stage sampling technique. Data collected through a self-administered questionnaire were entered into Epi Data and exported to SPSS for analysis. Bi-variable and multivariable logistic regressions were computed to identify factors associated with the good menstrual knowledge and preparedness to menarche. An odds ratio with 95%CI was computed to measure the magnitude of the association. Variables with a p-value of <0.05 on multivariable analysis were considered statistically significant factors associated with the outcome variable.Results: From a total of 424 pre-menarche adolescent girls included in the study, 166(39.2%) had good menstrual knowledge and about a quarter 110(25.9%) had good preparedness towards menarche. An increase in the school grade level of adolescent girls, the educational status of the mother, and occupation of the father (government employment) were positively associated with good menstrual knowledge. Having good menstrual knowledge increased the preparedness of pre-menarche girls to menarche by over 13-fold than poorly knowledgeable girls.Conclusions: Menstrual knowledge and preparedness to menarche of pre-menarche adolescent girls were low in the North Shewa Zone of the Amhara region. The level of preparedness to menarche was also highly dependent on girls' menstrual knowledge. Thus, the school's health program and teachers should address the problem by delivering age-appropriate menstrual information to equip adolescent girls with accurate and adequate menstrual knowledge before the onset of menarche.

Factors Associated with Protection of Last Live Birth against Neonatal Tetanus among Mother Age 15-49 in Ethiopia: A Multilevel Analysis Using EDHS 2016

10.21203/rs.3.rs-27865/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gebrezgiher Kalayu ◽

Girmatsion Fisseha ◽

Reda Shamie ◽

Awtachew Berhe ◽

Kebede Embaye

Keyword(s):

Live Birth ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Community Level ◽

Contextual Effect ◽

Neonatal Tetanus ◽

P Value ◽

Goodness Of Fit Test ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Factors Associated ◽

The Individual

Abstract BackgroundEthiopia has the highest neonatal tetanus mortality and morbidity rates in the world due to low TT immunization coverage coupled with the high amount of deliveries taking place at home. This study aimed to identify individual and community-level factors associated with protections of last live birth against neonatal tetanus among mothers age 15–49 in Ethiopia.MethodsThe P-value of less than 0.05 in the final model was considered as statistically significant. The interclass correlation coefficient and proportional change in variance were used to quantify the magnitude of the general contextual effect. The relative goodness-of-fit test was conducted using Akaike's information criterion.ResultHome delivery (AOR = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.96), at least one ANC visits (AOR = 12.35; 95% CI: 10.42, 14.62) and wealth index (poorer (AOR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.54) and richer (AOR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.21, 1.93). were the individual factors that had an association with the utilization of protection of last live birth against neonatal tetanus.ConclusionsUtilization of protection of last live birth against neonatal tetanus is affected both by the individual and community level factors with high state variation.

Prevalence and Determinants of Premarital Sexual Practice Among Youths in Ethiopia: Further analysis of the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey

10.1101/2020.10.08.20209577 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Kegnie Shitu Getie ◽

Ayenew Kassie ◽

Maereg Woldie

Keyword(s):

Mobile Phone ◽

Sexual Intercourse ◽

Health Behavior Change ◽

P Value ◽

Age Group ◽

Sexual Practice ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Male Sex ◽

Premarital Sexual ◽

Significant Factors

AbstractIntroductionPremarital sexual practice becomes a common phenomenon among youths in Ethiopia. It is usually associated with an unwanted pregnancy, abortion, and sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDS.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of premarital sexual practice among Ethiopian youths.Methods and MaterialsA Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in all regions of Ethiopia from January 18 to June 27, 2016. All participants from the age of 15-24 (7, 389) were included for the analysis of the present study. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analytical models were fitted to identify factors associated with the premarital sexual practice. A 95% CI and p-value < 0.05 were used to declare statistical significance.ResultThe prevalence of premarital sexual practice was 10.8% (95% CI, 10 % – 11.5%). Being in the age group of 20 - 24 (AOR = 3.6, 95% CI (2.8, 4.6)), male sex (AOR = 1.7, 95% CI (1.3, 2.2)), employed (AOR = 1.4, 95% CI (1.03, 1.8)), from pastorals region (AOR= 1.4, 95% CI (1.3,2.4)), having mobile phone (AOR=1.7, 95% CI, (1.3, 2.3)), ever use of internet (AOR = 1.8, 95% CI (1.3, 2.5)), ever drinking alcohol AOR = 2.4, 95% CI (1.7, 2.5)), ever chewed khat (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI (1.6, 3.5), and ever tested for HIV (AOR = 1.3, 95% CI (1.1,1.6)) were a statistically significant factors associated with premarital sexual practice at p value less than 0.05.ConclusionFor every 10 youths at least one of them had sexual intercourse before they got married. Being in the age group of 20 - 24, male sex, employed, from a pastoral region, having a mobile phone, ever use of the internet, alcohol drinking, khat chewing, and ever tested for HIV were significant factors associated with the premarital sexual practice. Thus, national sexual education and reproductive health behavior change interventions should give due attention for those groups. Indeed, adequate education should be given about premarital sexual intercourse when youths come for HIV test.

A Multilevel Analysis Factors Associated With Diarrhea Among Under-five Children in Ethiopia Using 2016 EDHS Data: Individual and Community Level Factors.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-853182/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mekasha Demeke Getnet ◽

Esubalew Tesfahun

Keyword(s):

Health Surveys ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Community Level ◽

Demographic And Health Surveys ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Childhood Diarrhea ◽

Individual Level ◽

Under Five ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Under Five Children

Abstract Background: Despite numerous attempts, diarrhea remains one of the leading causes of death among children under the age of five around the world. Globally, diarrhea is the second prominent cause of death in children next to pneumonia. Every year, there are 1.7 billion children who develop diarrhea and at least 525,000 die from diarrhea. In low- and middle-income countries such as Ethiopia, diarrhea still remains one of the health problems due to its high morbidity and mortality. This study was conducted identify factors associated with diarrhea at community (cluster) level and individual level.Objectives: To assess individual and community level factors of childhood (0–59months) diarrhea in Ethiopia by using the 2016 Ethiopian Demography and Health surveys (EDHS) data, 2020. Methods: A cross-sectional secondary analysis of data pooled from 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys (EDHS) data was used. The analysis was done using Stata version 14.2. A multilevel logistic regression model was used to identify independent predictors of childhood diarrhea. Odds ratio with 95% CI was used in identifying the association between dependent and independent predictors Result: The prevalence of diarrhea in Ethiopia based on EDHS 2016 was 11.78%.The odds of diarrhea among children reside in rural area were 1.84 times more likely to develop diarrhea (AOR=1.82; 95% CI: 1.52-2.16) as compared to urban dwellers. Those children aged between 13 and 24 months were 2.2 times more likely to have diarrhea than (AOR=2.2, 2.15-2.98) their older counter parts (48-59 months). The measure of variation was also assessed by using ICC, MOR, and DIC with the result of 10.08, 1.56 and 316.18 respectively.Conclusion: Our findings identified that childhood diarrhea was affected by not only individual level factors but also community-level factors. At the individual level (age of the women, number of under five children in the households, age of the child, number of family members, maternal education, and the number of under-5 children) and the community-level, place of residence were significant factors associated with childhood diarrhea in Ethiopia.

Spatial patterns and associated factors’ of Early Marriage among Reproductive age women in Ethiopia: a Secondary Analysis of Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016

10.21203/rs.3.rs-15590/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zemenu Tessema Tadesse

Keyword(s):

Spatial Patterns ◽

Health Survey ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Demographic And Health Survey ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Scan Statistics ◽

Early Marriage ◽

P Value ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Reproductive Age Women

Abstract Background: Besides, the presence of national law, the country has to set up its own mid-term and long term goals to bring about a significant reduction in child marriages in Ethiopia. To achieve this, determining the spatial pattern of early marriage and factors associated is important for government, other concerned bodies, program implementers and policy developers to end up early childhood marriage. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the spatial patterns and associated factors of Early marriage among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia.Methods: This study analyzed retrospectively a cross-sectional data on a weighted sample of 11,646 women aged 15-49 years after requesting from Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016 via the link www.measuredhs.com. ArcGIS version 10.7 software was used to visualize spatial distribution for Early marriage. The Bernoulli model was applied using Kilduff SaTScan version 9.6 software to identify significant purely spatial clusters for Early marriage in Ethiopia multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with early marriage. Finally, variables with a p-value<0.05 were considered as statistically significant.Results: In this analysis, about 62.8% (95%CI: 61.9, 63.74%) of the study participants were married before they reached 18 years. The overall median age at first marriage was 17.1 with IQR 5 years. The high clustering of early marriage was located in Amhara, Afar, and Gambella Regions. In spatial Scan statistics 87 clusters (RR = 1.28, P-value < 0.001) significant primary clusters were identified. The associated factors of early marriage were lesser among women’s attending primary (AOR=0.60; 95%CI: 0.51, 0.71), secondary (AOR=0.19; 95%CI: 0.13, 0.26) and tertiary education (AOR=0.11; 95%CI: 0.07, 0.18). Similarly, women found in Addis Ababa were at a lesser risk of early marriage compared to other regions of the country.Conclusion: Marriage below age 18 was high in Ethiopia. High-risk area of early marriage was located in Amhara, Afar, and Gambella and special attention should be given for identified risk areas. Therefore, providing educational opportunities to young girls was important in addition to inhibiting the marriage of girls under 18 years.

Geographic variation and Factors associated with khat chewing among adult males 15-59 years in Ethiopia, EDHS 2016. Generalized Estimating Equation Approach

10.21203/rs.2.19236/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Zemenu Tessema Tadesse ◽

Tadele Amare Zeleke

Keyword(s):

Estimating Equation ◽

Health Impact ◽

Scan Statistics ◽

Outcome Variable ◽

P Value ◽

Age Group ◽

Adult Males ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Khat Chewing ◽

Generalized Estimating

Abstract Background: Khat chewing has become prevalent in the world due to the improvement of road and air transportation. In Ethiopia, khat chewing is more prevalent and wildly practiced by men. Khat has a negative effect on social, economic and mental health. Therefore, this study aims to show spatial patterns and factors associated with khat chewing among male adults 15-59 years in Ethiopia. Methods : A total of 12,594 men who chew khat in their were included in this study. ArcGIS version 10.7 software was used to visualize spatial pattern chewing khat among adult men in Ethiopia. The Bernoulli model was applied using Kilduff SaTScan version 9.6 software to identify significant purely spatial clusters for chewing khat in Ethiopia. The robust standard error method of generalized estimating equations was used for the binary outcome variable from the clustered data and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence interval were reported. Results: A total of 12,594 participants were included in the analysis. The prevalence of ever khat chewing in this study was 3418 (27.14%) with 95% CI 26.37% to 27.92%. From EDHS 2016 survey the high proportion of chewing khat was located in Diredawa, Harari, Southern Oromia, Somai and Benishangu Gumuz Regions. In spatial scan statistics analysis, a total of 126 clusters (RR= 4.02, P-value < 0.001) was identified. Age group 30-44 (AOR=1.44, 95% CI: 1.27, 1.62), being single (AOR=1.86, 95% CI: 1.64, 2.12), Muslim religion (AOR=4.91, 95% CI: 3.69, 8.19), media exposure (AOR=0.77, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.86), working status(AOR=0.45, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.53), alcohol drinking (AOR=2.91, 95% CI: 2.43, 3.39) and region were statistically significant factors affecting chewing Khat in Ethiopia. Conclusions: The prevalence of chewing chat in Ethiopia was high and located in Diredawa, Harari, Southern Oromia, Somai and Benishangu Gumuz Regions. Older age group, single, drinker, media unexposed, had no work and Muslim religion follower should be given spatial attention in reducing the prevalence of chewing khat. Therefore, it is good to teach the health impact of khat chewing through media. Keywords: Khat, Spatial distribution, Factors, Ethiopia