scholarly journals Pre-menarche adolescent girls’ menstrual knowledge and preparedness to menarche in North Shewa zone of Amhara region, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abayneh Birlie Zeru ◽  
Mikyas Arega Muluneh
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
P Value ◽  
Emotional Wellbeing ◽  
Amhara Region ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The North ◽  
Menstrual Knowledge

Abstract Background: Many adolescent girls in Ethiopia attain menarche without adequate knowledge and preparation which could have a distressing negative impact on their psychosocial, physical, and emotional wellbeing. This study aimed to assess pre-menarche adolescent girls’ menstrual knowledge and preparedness to menstruation and associated factors in the North Shewa Zone of the Amhara region.Methods: A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted on participants selected through a multi-stage sampling technique. Data collected through a self-administered questionnaire were entered into Epi Data and exported to SPSS for analysis. Bi-variable and multivariable logistic regressions were computed to identify factors associated with the good menstrual knowledge and preparedness to menarche. An odds ratio with 95%CI was computed to measure the magnitude of the association. Variables with a p-value of <0.05 on multivariable analysis were considered statistically significant factors associated with the outcome variable.Results: From a total of 424 pre-menarche adolescent girls included in the study, 166(39.2%) had good menstrual knowledge and about a quarter 110(25.9%) had good preparedness towards menarche. An increase in the school grade level of adolescent girls, the educational status of the mother, and occupation of the father (government employment) were positively associated with good menstrual knowledge. Having good menstrual knowledge increased the preparedness of pre-menarche girls to menarche by over 13-fold than poorly knowledgeable girls.Conclusions: Menstrual knowledge and preparedness to menarche of pre-menarche adolescent girls were low in the North Shewa Zone of the Amhara region. The level of preparedness to menarche was also highly dependent on girls' menstrual knowledge. Thus, the school's health program and teachers should address the problem by delivering age-appropriate menstrual information to equip adolescent girls with accurate and adequate menstrual knowledge before the onset of menarche.

scholarly journals Spatial pattern and Factors associated with khat chewing among adult males 15-59 years in Ethiopia, EDHS 2016. Generalized Estimating Equation Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zemenu Tessema Tadesse ◽  
Tadele Amare Zeleke
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Scan Statistics ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Khat Chewing ◽  
Generalized Estimating

Abstract Background Khat chewing has become prevalent in the world due to the improvement of road and air transportation. In Ethiopia, khat chewing is more prevalent and wildly practiced by men. Khat has a negative effect on social, economic and mental health. Therefore, this study aims to show spatial patterns and factors associated with khat chewing among male adults 15-59 years in Ethiopia. Methods A total of 12,594 men who chew khat in their were included in this study. ArcGIS version 10.7 software was used to visualize spatial pattern chewing khat among adult men in Ethiopia. The Bernoulli model was applied using Kilduff SaTScan version 9.6 software to identify significant purely spatial clusters for chewing khat in Ethiopia. The robust standard error method of generalized estimating equations was used for the binary outcome variable from the clustered data and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence interval were reported. Results A total of 12,594 participants were included in the analysis. The prevalence of ever khat chewing in this study was 3418 (27.14%) with 95% CI 26.37% to 27.92%. From EDHS 2016 survey the high proportion of chewing khat was located in Diredawa, Harari, Southern Oromia, Somai and Benishangu Gumuz Regions. In spatial scan statistics analysis, a total of 126 clusters (RR= 4.02, P-value < 0.001) was identified. Age group 30-44 (AOR=1.44, 95% CI: 1.27, 1.62), being single (AOR=1.86, 95% CI: 1.64, 2.12), Muslim religion (AOR=4.91, 95% CI: 3.69, 8.19), media exposure (AOR=0.77, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.86), working status(AOR=0.45, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.53), alcohol drinking (AOR=2.91, 95% CI: 2.43, 3.39) and region were statistically significant factors affecting chewing Khat in Ethiopia. Conclusions The prevalence of chewing chat in Ethiopia was high and located in Diredawa, Harari, Southern Oromia, Somai and Benishangu Gumuz Regions. Older age group, single, drinker, media unexposed, had no work and Muslim religion follower should be given spatial attention in reducing the prevalence of chewing khat. Therefore, it is good to teach the health impact of khat chewing through media.

scholarly journals Post-cesarean section surgical site infection and associated factors in East Gojjam zone primary hospitals, Amhara region, North West Ethiopia, 2020

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261951
Author(s):  
Hulubante Bizuayew ◽  
Haimanot Abebe ◽  
Getachew Mullu ◽  
Likinaw Bewuket ◽  
Daniel Tsega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
P Value ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Site Infection

Purpose Maternal surgical site infection after cesarean delivery is a clinical problem which contributes to significant morbidity and mortality. In Ethiopia admissions following cesarean section due to surgical site infection have been routine activities of health care institutions but there is limited scientific evidence on both the magnitude of the problem and factors associated with it making prevention mechanisms less effective. Therefore, this study aimed to assess magnitude and risk factors of post-cesarean section surgical site infection at primary hospitals of East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods Institution-based cross sectional study with retrospective chart review was conducted from September 10–30 /2020 at 3 randomly selected primary hospitals of east Gojjam zone. The data were entered in Epi data version 3.1 and exported to Statistical Package for Social Science Software version 26. Post-cesarean section surgical site infection was measured based on disease classification and definition of the term by Center for Disease Control and Prevention. After checking for presence of multicollinarity, presence and degree of association of factors with outcome variable were computed through logistic regression analysis. Factors with P value ≤ 0.2 in bi-variable logistic regression analysis were included in the multivariable logistic regression analysis and those variables with P-value of <0.05 in multivariable analysis were considered statistically significant. Result From 622 medical records of women who underwent cesarean section, 77 (12.4%) of them developed surgical site infection. Rural residence [(AOR = 2.30, 95%CI: (1.29, 4.09)], duration of labor greater than 24hrs [(AOR = 3.48, 95%CI: (1.49, 8.09)], rupture of membrane>12hrs[(AOR = 4.61,95%CI:(2.34,9.09)], hypertension[(AOR = 3.14,95%CI:(1.29,7.59)] and preoperative Hematocrit ≤30%[(AOR = 3.22,95%CI:(1.25,8.31)] were factors significantly associated with post-cesarean section surgical site infections. Conclusion Magnitude of post-cesarean section surgical site infection was a significant problem in primary hospitals. Minimizing prolonged labor; minimize early rupture of membrane, properly managing patients with comorbidities like hypertension, strengthen prophylaxis and treatment for anemia during antenatal care and raising awareness for rural residents can reduce the problem. Zonal police makers should give emphasis to reduce its burden.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Factors Associated with Late Antenatal Care Visit in Ethiopia: A population-based study using the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eskeziaw Kassahun Abebe ◽  
Amanuel Addisu Dessie ◽  
Liknaw Bewket Zeleke
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Health ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Maternal Health Service ◽  
P Value ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Antenatal Care Visit ◽  
Care Visit

Abstract Objectives Maternal health care services are important for the survival and wellbeing of both mother and infant. In 2015, an estimated 303,000 women died from pregnancy-related complications. The Ethiopian government has implemented strategies to enhance maternal health service utilization, and reduce maternal morbidity and mortality. However, only 20.4% of women initiated the first antenatal care visit before 16 weeks of gestation. Therefore, this study assessed factors associated with late antenatal care visit in Ethiopia. A community based cross-sectional study design was used to examine 4,740 women from the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey data. Odds ratios with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed to examine the strength of an association. In the multivariable analysis, variables with p-value <0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Result The prevalence of late initiation of first antenatal care visit in Ethiopia was 67.3% (65.0%,69.6%). Living in rural areas (AOR= 95% CI:1.19,2.56) and fifth or above birth order (AOR=1.5;95% CI:1.10,2.00) were significantly associated with late antenatal care visit. Consequently, increasing the access and utilization of family planning, and raise an awareness on the benefit of early initiation of first antenatal care visit is recommended.

scholarly journals Trends and determinants of teenage childbearing in Ethiopia: evidence from the 2000 to 2016 demographic and health surveys

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Getachew Mullu Kassa ◽  
Ayodele O. Arowojolu ◽  
Akin-Tunde Ademola Odukogbe ◽  
Alemayehu Worku Yalew
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
P Value ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Teenage Childbearing ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Background Teenage childbearing among adolescents aged 15 to 19 is a common sexual and reproductive health (SRH) issue among young people, particularly in developing countries. It is associated with higher maternal and neonatal complications. Almost half (47%) of the population in Ethiopia are young people under 15 years old. Therefore, a clear understanding of the trend and determinants of teenage childbearing is essential to design proper intervention programs. Methods Secondary analysis of the 2000 to 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data were conducted. A total of 3710 (DHS 2000), 3266 (DHS 2005), 4009 (DHS 2011) and 3381 (DHS 2016) adolescents (aged 15 to 19 years old) were included from the four surveys. The main outcome variable of this study was teenage childbearing, and independent variables were categorized into individual- and community-level factors. The 2016 DHS was used to identify the factors associated with teenage childbearing. Multi-level logistic regression analysis technique was used to identify the factors associated with teenage childbearing. The analysis was adjusted for different individual- and community- level factors affecting teenage childbearing. Data analysis was conducted using STATA software. Results The prevalence of adolescents who started childbearing reduced from 16.3% in 2000 DHS to 12.5% in 2016 DHS, p-value = < 0.0001. From the 2016 DHS, the percentage of adolescents who have had a live birth was 10.1%, and the percentage of adolescents who were currently pregnant was 2.4%. The highest percentage of teenage childbearing was in Affar region (23.4%), and the lowest was in Addis Ababa city (3%). The odds of teenage childbearing was higher among adolescents in the age range of 18–19 years old (AOR = 2.26; 95% CI: 1.29, 3.94, p-value < 0.01), those who started sexual intercourse before their eighteenth birthday (AOR = 12.74; 95% CI: 4.83, 33.62, p-value < 0.001), who were married or living together (AOR = 8.98; 95% CI: 2.49, 32.41, p-value < 0.01), and among those who were widowed, divorced or separated (AOR = 4.89; 95% CI: 1.36, 17.61, p-value < 0.05). Conclusions One in ten teenage girls have already started childbearing in Ethiopia. Variations were observed in the percentage of teenage childbearing across different sociodemographic- and economic variables. Factors like age, early sexual initiation before 18 years of age, ever married, and geographical region were significant factors associated with teenage childbearing. School- and community- based intervention programs aimed at prevention of early marriage and early sexual intercourse is essential to reduce teenage childbearing and its complications.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with the Performance of Routine Health Information System in Yaoundé-Cameroon: A cross-sectional survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georges Nguefack-Tsague ◽  
Brian Bongwong Tamfon ◽  
Ismael Ngnie-Teta ◽  
Marie Nicole Ngoufack ◽  
Basile Keugoung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Information ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Health Staff ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha

Abstract Background: Routine Health Information Systems (RHIS) of low-income countries function below the globally expected standard, characterised by the production and use of poor-quality data, or the non-use of good quality data for informed decision making. This has negatively influenced the health service delivery and uptake. This study focuses on identifying the factors associated with the performance of RHIS of the health facilities (HF) in Yaoundé, so as to guide targeted RHIS strengthening.Methods: A HF-based cross-sectional study in the 6 health districts (HDs) of Yaoundé was conducted. HFs were chosen using stratified sampling with probability proportional to size per HD. Data were collected, entered into Microsoft Excel 2013 and analysed with IBM- SPSS version 25. Consistency of the questionnaire was measured using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Pearson’s chi-square (and Fisher exact where relevant) tests were used to establish relationships between qualitative variables. Associations were further quantified using unadjusted Odd ratio (OR) for univariable analysis and adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for multivariable analysis with 95% confidence interval (CI). A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Of 111 selected HFs; 16 (14.4%) were public and 95 (85.6%) private. Respondents aged 24-60 years with an average of 38.3±9.3 years; 58 (52.3%) males and 53(47.7%) females. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.96 (95%CI: 0.95 – 0.98, p<0.001), proving that the questionnaire was reliable in measuring RHIS performances. At univariable level, the following factors were positively associated with good performances: supportive supervision (OR = 3.03 (1.1, 8.3); p = 0.02), receiving feedback from hierarchy (OR = 3.6 (0.99, 13.2); p = 0.05), having received training on health information (OR = 5.0 (1.6, 16.0); p = 0.003), and presence of a performance evaluation plan (OR = 3.3 (1.4, 8.2), p = 0.007). At multivariable level, the only significantly associated factor was having received training on health information (aOR = 3.3 (1.01, 11.1), p = 0.04).Conclusion: Training of health staff in the RHIS favors RHIS good performance. Hence, emphasis should be laid on training and empowering staff, frequent and regular RHIS supervision, and frequent and regular feedback, for an efficient RHIS strengthening in Yaoundé.

scholarly journals Post-cesarean section surgical site infection and associated factors in East Gojjam zone primary hospitals, Amhara region, North West Ethiopia, 2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haimanot Geletie Abebe ◽  
Hulubante fetene bizuayew ◽  
Getachew Kassa Mullu ◽  
Likinaw Zeleke Bewuket ◽  
Daniel Tefera Tsega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
P Value ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Site Infection

Abstract Background Women after cesarean section have a five to twenty-times greater chance of getting an infection compared with women who give birth vaginally. Even though many efforts tried by the government and non-government organization in Ethiopia, a non-significant decline achieved and post cesarean section surgical site infection is still a problem. Scientific evidence on this is a step ahead for preventing and reducing post cesarean section surgical site infection. Therefore this study aimed to assess magnitude and risk factors of post cesarean section surgical site infection at primary hospitals of East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods Institution based cross sectional study with retrospective chart review was conducted from September 10–30 /2020 at primary hospitals of east Gojjam zone. The data was entered in Epi data version3.1 and exported to Statistical Package for Social Science Software version 26. Presence and degree of association of factors with outcome variable were computed through logistic regression analysis. Factors with P value ≤ 0.2 in bi variable logistic regression analysis were included in the multivariable logistic regression analysis and those variables with P-value of < 0.05 in multivariable analysis were considered statistically significant. Result From 622 medical records of women who underwent cesarean section, 77 (12.4%) of them were developed surgical site infection. Rural residence [(AOR = 2.30, 95%CI :( 1.295, 4.098)], duration of labor greater than 24hrs [(AOR = 3.48, 95%CI :( 1.495, 8.086)], rupture of

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Thinness among Adolescent Students in Finoteselam Town, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damitie Kebede Mengesha ◽  
Reddy P. C. J. Prasad ◽  
Degnet Teferi Asres
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
P Value ◽  
Amhara Region ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Adolescent Students

Abstract Background Adolescence is the period of intense physical, psychosocial and cognitive development and the second to infancy at which highest rate of physical growth occur. So, adolescents need to have good quantity and quality nutrient to cope with this rapid growth and other health risk which increase nutritional demand. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of thinness among school adolescents in Finoteselam town, Amhara region, Ethiopia.Methods A school-based cross-sectional study among adolescent students aged 10-19 in public primary and secondary schools was carried out in Finoteselam town from February 05 to March 27, 2018. A total of 397 adolescent students were included in the study. Stratified and simple random sampling techniques were employed to select study subjects. Pre tested structured questionnaires were used to collect the data. Data was entered using Epi info version 7 and analyzed using SPSS version 20 and WHO Anthro Plus soft ware. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to identify factors associated with stunting. Crude and adjusted odds ratios with 95% level significance were used to measure the strength of association and statistical significance was declared at p-value less than 0.05.Results The prevalence of thinness among adolescents was 14.9%. Early Adolescent stage (AOR= 4.81; 95% CI: 1.23, 18.51), being Male adolescent students (AOR = 2.33; 95% CI: 1.60, 3.40), and using well water (AOR= 3.82; 95% CI: 1.46, 10.04) were significantly associated with thinness at P-value <0.05.Conclusion The study revealed that prevalence of thinness was high in the study area. Age, Sex and sources of drinking water were found to be important factors associated with thinness among the respondents.

scholarly journals Prevalence and factors associated with fatigue in the Lausanne middle-aged population: a population-based, cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e027070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coralie Galland-Decker ◽  
Pedro Marques-Vidal ◽  
Peter Vollenweider
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence and factors associated with fatigue in the general population.DesignPopulation-based, cross-sectional survey performed between May 2014 and April 2017.SettingGeneral population of the city of Lausanne, Switzerland.Participants2848 participants (53.2% women, age range 45–86 years).Primary outcome measurePrevalence of fatigue the previous week, defined as a score of ≥4 using the Fatigue Severity Scale.ResultsThe prevalence of fatigue was 21.9% (95% CI 20.4% to 23.4%) in the total sample. On bivariate analysis, participants with fatigue were younger, had a higher body mass index, a lower handgrip strength and lower ferritin levels. Participants with fatigue were more frequently women, had a lower educational level, presented more frequently with clinical insomnia, diabetes, anaemia, depression and low thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) values, had a higher consumption of antihistamines, antidepressants and hypnotics, and rated more frequently their health as bad or very bad. Multivariable analysis showed that obesity (OR 1.40 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.91)), insomnia categories (p value for trend <0.001), depression (OR 3.26 (95% CI 2.38 to 4.46)), anaemia (OR 1.70 (95% CI 1.00 to 2.89)) and low self-rated health status (p value for trend <0.001) were positively associated with fatigue, while older age (p value for trend 0.002) was negatively associated with fatigue. Conversely, no association was found for diabetes, TSH levels, antihistamines or hypnotics.ConclusionIn a population-based sample aged 45–86, fatigue was present in one out of five subjects. Regarding clinical factors, sleep disturbances such as insomnia and sleep apnoea should be assessed first, followed by depression. Regarding biological factors, anaemia should be ruled out, while screening for hypothyroidism is not recommended as a first step. Sleep complaints and fatigue in older subjects are not due to ageing and should prompt identification of the underlying cause.

P6367Predictors and covariables of incident hypertension in midlife: the Hordaland Health Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E A Kringeland ◽  
G S Tell ◽  
H B Midtbo ◽  
T Haugsgjerd ◽  
E Gerdts
Keyword(s):  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Health Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Incident Hypertension ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
European Guidelines ◽  
Univariate Analyses

Abstract Background Different blood pressure (BP) development in midlife have been described in women and men. Less is known about factors associated with incident hypertension in this age group. Purpose To identify predictors and covariables of incident hypertension in women and men in their forties. Methods 2936 women (60%) and men born 1950–51 who participated in the community-based Hordaland Health Study both in 1992–93 (baseline, mean age 42±0.7 years) and in 1997–99 and were normotensive at baseline were included. Hypertension was defined as use of antihypertensive medication and/or systolic BP ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg. High-normal BP was defined as systolic BP 130–139 mmHg and/or diastolic BP 85–89 mmHg following European guidelines. Predictors and covariables of incident hypertension were identified in logistic regression analyses and reported as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results 348 (12%) subjects developed hypertension during an average of 5.9 years follow-up. Incident hypertension was more common among men than women (14% vs. 10%, p=0.005). In univariate analyses, incident hypertension was positively associated with high normal BP and higher body mass index (BMI), serum total cholesterol and serum triglycerides at baseline, as well as with larger increase in BMI and serum triglycerides during follow-up (all p<0.05). In multivariable analysis, incident hypertension was associated with high-normal BP and higher serum triglycerides at baseline, and larger increase in BMI during follow-up, while the association with sex became non-significant (Table). Variable Multivariable analysis OR (95% CI) P-value High-normal BP 4.87 (3.82–6.20) <0.001 ΔBMI at follow up (kg/m2) 1.33 (1.24–1.42) <0.001 Ln serum triglycerides (mmol/L) 1.41 (1.14–1.75) 0.002 Conclusion In the community-based Hordaland Health Study, a larger proportion of men than women developed hypertension in midlife. However, this sex difference in incidence was explained by differences in prevalence of high-normal BP at baseline and metabolic factors.

scholarly journals Clinical and genetic factors associated with mismanagement of dyslipidemia. Multiple cross-sectional analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V Chekanova ◽  
P Marques-Vidal ◽  
N Abolhassani
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Aims Identify the clinical and genetic factors associated with poor control of high cholesterol in the Swiss population. Methods Data from three waves [baseline, N = 617; first, N = 844 and second, N = 798 follow-ups] of a population-based, prospective study conducted in Lausanne, Switzerland. Inadequate management of dyslipidemia was assessed according to the most common Swiss guideline. Genetic scores for lipid levels were computed based on the existing literature. Results Prevalence of inadequately managed dyslipidemia was 30%, 31.5% and 17.4% in the baseline, first and second follow-up. On multivariable analysis, participants at high risk of CVD had a lower likelihood of being adequately managed: odds ratio (OR) and (95% confidence interval) for high-risk relative to low-risk: 0.10 (0.06-0.18), 0.11 (0.07-0.17) and 0.15 (0.09-0.27) for the baseline, first and second follow-up (p for trend &lt; 0.001). Use of more potent statins increased the likelihood of adequate management, OR and (95% CI) for third vs. first level: 2.89 (1.76-4.74) and 5.17 (2.51-10.6) in the first and second follow-up (p for trend &lt; 0.001). No differences in total cholesterol, LDL and HDL genetic scores were found between adequately and inadequately managed participants: for the total cholesterol, -3.7 ± 9.6 vs. -2.7 ± 9.4; -3.5 ± 8.9 vs. -3.7 ± 9.5 and -3.8 ± 8.9 vs. -3.3 ± 9.4 in the baseline, first and second follow-up, p = NS. Those findings were replicated when the thresholds for adequate control were relaxed. Conclusion Management of dyslipidemia is suboptimal in Switzerland. Use of newer, more potent statins in high-risk patients could improve this status. The use of genetic scores appears to be of little interest. Multivariate Analysis First FUOR (95% CI) p-value Second FUOR (95% CI) p-value CVD risk Intermediate 0.18 (0.10 - 0.32) &lt;0.001 0.22 (0.09 - 0.55) 0.001 High 0.07 (0.04 - 0.12) &lt;0.001 0.09 (0.04 - 0.2) &lt;0.001 p-value for trend &lt;0.001 &lt;0.001 Swiss vs Non-Swiss 1.34 (0.87 - 2.05) 0.181 0.79 (0.43 - 1.43) 0.428 FH dyslipidemia (yes/no) 1.02 (0.63 - 1.63) 0.948 0.55 (0.29 - 1.03) 0.060 Statins potency First 1 (ref.) 1 (ref.) Second 2.00 (1.22 - 3.27) 0.006 2.59 (1.23 - 5.44) 0.012 Third 2.89 (1.76 - 4.74) &lt;0.001 5.17 (2.51 - 10.6) &lt;0.001 p-value for trend &lt;0.001 &lt;0.001

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