LITERARY HERITAGE OF MASHKHUR ZHUSUP KOPEYULY: PRESENT AND PAST

The article is devoted to the study of the literary heritage of the famous poet, philosopher, historian Mashhur Zhusup Kopeyuly, who lived in the second half of the XIX-early XX centuries. The more complicated the fate of the poet, more accurately describing the social realities of his time and the situation of life in the country, the more difficult his works reached the people. Briefly considering the poet's work from the first articles, the article analyzes the creative path of a famous scientist now working in the field of popular science. Mashhur Zhusup Kopeevich was a famous person of his time, a spiritual leader, and a master of deep teachings. The name of mashhur Zhusup remained in the heart of the country not only for his poetry, but also for his Holy, devout, piety and amazing way of life, unlike anyone else. The poet's work, through its rich channels of spiritual experience, saturates the people with religious and moral values. In accordance with the domestic demand of the population for the works of the poet, the research channels of Mashkhurtu are also expanding.

Nonprobative Photos Inflate the Truthiness and Falsiness of Claims

<p>When people evaluate claims they often rely on what comedian Stephen Colbert calls truthiness, judging claims using subjective feelings of truth, rather than drawing on facts. Over seven experiments I examined how nonprobative photos can manufacture truthiness in just a few seconds. I found that a quick exposure to a photo that relates to, but does not provide any probative evidence about the accuracy of claims can systematically bias people to conclude claims are true. In Experiments 1A and 1B, people saw familiar and unfamiliar celebrity names and, for each, quickly responded "true" or "false" to the claim "This famous person is alive" or (between subjects) "This famous person is dead." Within subjects, some names appeared with a photo of the celebrity engaged in his/her profession whereas other names appeared alone. For unfamiliar celebrity names, photos increased the likelihood that subjects judged the claim to be true. Moreover, the same photos inflated the truth of "Alive" and "Dead" claims, suggesting that photos did not produce an "alive bias," but a "truth bias." Experiment 2 showed that photos and verbal information similarly inflated truthiness, suggesting that the effect is not peculiar to photographs per se. Experiment 3 demonstrated that nonprobative photos can also enhance the truthiness of general knowledge claims (Giraffes are the only mammals that cannot jump). In Experiments 4-6 I examined boundary conditions for truthiness. I found that the semantic relationship between the photo and claim mattered. Experiment 4 showed that in a within-subject design, related photos produced truthiness, but unrelated photos acted just like the no photo condition. But unrelated photos were not always benign, Experiment 5 showed that their effects depended on experimental context. In a mixed design, related photos produced truthiness and unrelated photos produced falsiness. Although the effect of related photos was robust across materials and variation in experimental context, when I used a fully between-subjects design in Experiment 6, the effect of photos (related and unrelated) was eliminated. These effects add to a growing literature on how nonprobative information can influence people’s decisions and suggest that nonprobative photographs do more than simply decorate, they can rapidly manufacture feelings of truth. As with many effects in the cognitive psychology literature, the photo-truthiness effect depends on the way in which people process and interpret photos when evaluating the truth of claims.</p>

Nonprobative Photos Inflate the Truthiness and Falsiness of Claims

<p>When people evaluate claims they often rely on what comedian Stephen Colbert calls truthiness, judging claims using subjective feelings of truth, rather than drawing on facts. Over seven experiments I examined how nonprobative photos can manufacture truthiness in just a few seconds. I found that a quick exposure to a photo that relates to, but does not provide any probative evidence about the accuracy of claims can systematically bias people to conclude claims are true. In Experiments 1A and 1B, people saw familiar and unfamiliar celebrity names and, for each, quickly responded "true" or "false" to the claim "This famous person is alive" or (between subjects) "This famous person is dead." Within subjects, some names appeared with a photo of the celebrity engaged in his/her profession whereas other names appeared alone. For unfamiliar celebrity names, photos increased the likelihood that subjects judged the claim to be true. Moreover, the same photos inflated the truth of "Alive" and "Dead" claims, suggesting that photos did not produce an "alive bias," but a "truth bias." Experiment 2 showed that photos and verbal information similarly inflated truthiness, suggesting that the effect is not peculiar to photographs per se. Experiment 3 demonstrated that nonprobative photos can also enhance the truthiness of general knowledge claims (Giraffes are the only mammals that cannot jump). In Experiments 4-6 I examined boundary conditions for truthiness. I found that the semantic relationship between the photo and claim mattered. Experiment 4 showed that in a within-subject design, related photos produced truthiness, but unrelated photos acted just like the no photo condition. But unrelated photos were not always benign, Experiment 5 showed that their effects depended on experimental context. In a mixed design, related photos produced truthiness and unrelated photos produced falsiness. Although the effect of related photos was robust across materials and variation in experimental context, when I used a fully between-subjects design in Experiment 6, the effect of photos (related and unrelated) was eliminated. These effects add to a growing literature on how nonprobative information can influence people’s decisions and suggest that nonprobative photographs do more than simply decorate, they can rapidly manufacture feelings of truth. As with many effects in the cognitive psychology literature, the photo-truthiness effect depends on the way in which people process and interpret photos when evaluating the truth of claims.</p>

The meaning of Greta: a psychosocial exploration of Greta Thunberg

This article explores the social meaning of Greta Thunberg. Time magazine made her Person of the Year 2019, claiming she has become a social phenomenon, a "global sensation". This article utilises psychosocial theory and new social movement theory to explore the social meaning of "Greta". It asks what "Greta" evokes in our "social imaginary" (Taylor, 2009, p. 146). What conscious and unconscious identifications are projected onto "Greta" that have made her the unlikely famous person she is? These questions are not about exploring her individual psychological, leadership, or character traits, but focus on Greta (now eighteen years old) as a social object (Latour, 2005) with a vast social network following her, including over 4.2 million Twitter followers, a new documentary film about her, and mainstream media coverage across the globe. Part one of this article outlines the context and libidinal economies that Greta operates within, and the theoretical influences the article draws upon. Part two outlines five core messages that Greta transmits, and the meanings that emerge from observing social reactions to her. The article ends with a conclusion summarising the social meanings of Greta.

Mental travel in the person domain

"Mental travel" is a cognitive concept embodying the human capacity to intentionally disengage from the here and now, and mentally experience the world from different perspectives. We explored how individuals mentally "travel" to the point-of-view (POV) of other people in varying levels of personal closeness and from these perspectives process these people's social network. Under fMRI, participants were asked to "project" themselves to the POVs of four different people: a close other, a non-close other, a famous-person, and their own-self, and rate the level of affiliation (closeness) to different individuals in the respective social network. Participants were always faster making judgments from their own POV compared to other POVs (self-projection effect) and for people who were personally closer to their adopted POV (social-distance effect). Brain activity at the medial prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex in the self-POV was higher, compared to all other conditions. Activity at the right temporoparietal junction and medial parietal cortex was found to distinguish between the personally related (self, close and non-close others) and unrelated (famous-person) people. No difference was found between mental travel to the POVs of close and non-close others. Regardless of POV, the precuneus, anterior cingulate cortex, prefrontal cortex, and temporoparietal junction distinguished between close and distant individuals within the different social networks. Representational similarity analysis implicated the left retrosplenial cortex as crucial for social distance processing across all POVs. These distinctions suggest several constraints regarding our ability to adopt others' POV, and process not only ours but also other people's social networks.

Elsa Joubert’s Cul-de-sac: A disability politics reflection

Elsa Joubert’s 1978 novel Die swerfjare van Poppie Nongena, translated into English and a number of other languages and adapted into a play and a film, is recognized as one of the 100 best African books of the twentieth century, a landmark in South African writing. The work and its reception have drawn heated criticism around the politics of race, gender, privilege, and voice. Critics have expressed discomfort at the popularity of the book with white readers during apartheid, when other books dealing so clearly with racial oppression and dispossession were vilified and even banned. In 2017, at the age of 95, Joubert published the third volume of her memoirs under the title Spertyd (later translated into English as Cul-de-sac). I suggest that this memoir fits into the categories both of the “Somebody memoir” and the “Some body memoir”, in the typology developed by G. T. Couser. Cul-de-sac is both the memoir of a famous person (a “somebody”) and an account of a life lived in a non-normative body, that of a very old and increasingly frail person. Cul-de-sac deals unflinchingly with highly personal issues to do with experiences related to incarceration and enfeeblement. I suggest that these issues, though personal, are also profoundly political, an issue which has been overlooked in the critical reception of the memoir. Furthermore, Joubert implicitly used the publication of the memoir as the basis for a platform on which to engage politically with South Africa’s leadership regarding the rights of very old people, like herself, during the Covid-19 lockdown. It is inevitable that in South Africa, issues of race and to some extent gender are predominant in discussions of the politics of writing, but to ignore the age and disability politics of Cul-de-sac is to lose an important aspect of the work’s significance.

Investigating the Association Between Celebrity Worship and Heteronormative Attitudes Among Heterosexual and LGB+ Individuals

Evidence was found that perceived similarity with a famous person in gender, age, cultural background and attitudes increases the attraction towards this celebrity. Previous studies have also revealed that sexual minority individuals and those with a sexual attraction towards a famous person of the opposite gender are more likely to become obsessed with their favorite celebrity. Based on these findings, this study aimed to explore how heteronormative attitudes—gender role and behavioral expectations for men and women—are associated with celebrity worship in LGB+ and heterosexual individuals. An online questionnaire was administered to 1,763 Hungarian adults (66.4% male, 14.7% LGB+ individuals, Mage = 37.2 years, SD = 11.4). Heterosexual individuals with a favorite celebrity of the same gender reported stronger heteronormative attitudes in terms of gender roles and behaviors than LGB+ individuals. Furthermore, this aspect of heteronormative attitudes predicted higher levels of celebrity worship in individuals with a favorite celebrity of their own gender, irrespective of sexual orientation. However, heteronormative attitudes explained only a small proportion of the variance of celebrity worship (1–6%), indicating that heteronormativity has no substantial impact on celebrity admiration.

Name-giving motives in Lithuania and Brazil

TThis research aims at analysing and comparing the motives for choosing the first name of a child in Lithuania and Brazil in the years 1958-2016. By combining qualitative and quantitative methods and applying social and cultural approaches, it reveals that different countries and cultures have both similar and divergent trends in name-giving practices. The most remarkable similarity in both countries and cultures is both the predominance of an aesthetic motiveand the desire to honour a relative, a friend, or a famous person. These trends are presumably related to universal aspects of naming practices. The aesthetic motiveis related to processes of cultural globalization, while the honour-oriented motivepoints to the significance of traditional naming patterns. The greatest difference between Lithuanian and Brazilian data is in the frequency of name choices due to patriotism, religion, name uniqueness or naming a child after a fictional character. Such divergent results are explained by different social values in each society and different cultural and historical experiences. In addition, the research proves that the first names do have meaning; however, it is not purely conceptual or lexical, as they rather bear individual connotations.

John Henry Newman’s Selected Themes from the Theology of the Church

John Henry Newman is one of the most famous person on the Catholic and Anglican Church. In his works he was writing on the both theological position. In the article author showed selected aspects of John Henry Newman’s theology of the Church, so-calledecclesiology. For understanding Newman’s theological position very important are his personal history in the Church of England, situation in the Catholic Church and two dogmas proclaimed during the life of this new Catholic saint. In the last part of the article theecclesiology of John Henry Newman is rereading in the light of modern problems in the Catholic and Anglican theology.

«Gallant Dialogue» as author 's strategy of A. Cantemir

В статье рассматривается проблема «галантного диалога» как авторской стратегии в творчестве А.Д. Кантемира, которая проявляется, прежде всего, в эпистолярном жанре XVIII века и реализуется в трактате «Разговоры о множестве миров» Б. Фонтенеля. Под «галантным диалогом» понимаются равноуважительные отношения в общении собеседников при сохранении ими статусных ролей, которые влияют на изменение в первую очередь авторского статуса в литературе. Сама установка на «разговор» вне официоза, то есть сложившейся риторической системы, уже означала поворот российской словесности в сторону ее дериторизации, а также более активное проявление авторского начала. А.Д. Кантемир, который находился у истоков новой российской литературы, освобожденной от мощного религиозного наполнения, обращается в поиске «свободного» литературного канона к Фонтенелю, защищающего, как известно, в споре между древними и новыми авторами позицию Ш. Перро, провозгласившего галантность - качеством новой французской литературы. В статье рассматриваются составляющие элементы «галантного диалога» А. Кантемира с сестрой Марией, среди которых называются: любезное обращение к адресату, шифрование или придумывание прозвища для известного лица, имени которого не называется; заверения в любви и рыцарской преданности, афористические высказывания, свидетельствующие о знании собеседником светского общества. При помощи культурно-исторического метода выявляется не только генезис рассматриваемого явления, но и обозначается специфика развития «галантного диалога» в русской литературе XVIII века. Результат данного исследования позволяет по-новому взглянуть на отечественный литературный процесс XVIII века с точки зрения развития авторского начала в российской литературе, увидеть проявление тех литературных закономерностей, которые в полной мере проявят себя в литературной ситуации второй половины XVIII века, а точнее в период царствования императрицы Екатерины II. The article considers the problem of "gallant dialogue" as an author 's strategy in the work of A.D. Cantemir, which manifests itself, first of all, in the epistolar genre of the 18th century and is implemented in the tract "Talk of many worlds" by B. Fontenel. "Gallant dialogue" refers to equal respectful relations in the dialogue of interlocutors while maintaining status roles, which affect the change of copyright status in the literature in the first place. The installation itself on the "conversation" outside the waitosis, that is, the established rhetorical system, has already meant the turn of Russian language towards its deritorization, as well as a more active manifestation of the author 's beginning. A.D. Cantemir, who was at the origin of new Russian literature freed from powerful religious content, turns in the search for a "free" literary canon to Fontenel, defending, as is known, in the dispute between ancient and new authors the position of Sh Perro, who proclaimed gallantry - the quality of new French literature. The article considers the constituent elements of A. Cantemir's "gallant dialogue" with his sister Maria, among which are called: courtesy of the addressee, encryption or inventing a nickname for a famous person whose name is not called; assurances of love and knightly devotion, aphoristic statements testifying to the knowledge of secular society by the interlocutor. The cultural and historical method identifies not only the genesis of the phenomenon in question, but also the specifics of the development of the "gallant dialogue" in the Russian literature of the 18th century. The result of this study makes it possible to take a new look at the domestic literary process of the 18th century from the point of view of the development of the author 's beginning in Russian literature, to see the manifestation of those literary patterns that will fully manifest themselves in the literary situation of the second half of the 18th century, or more precisely during the reign of Empress Catherine II.