scholarly journals Wild ungulate species differ in their contribution to the transmission of Ixodes ricinus-borne pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nannet D. Fabri ◽  
Hein Sprong ◽  
Tim R. Hofmeester ◽  
Hans Heesterbeek ◽  
Björn F. Donnars ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Deer Species ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Ungulate Management ◽  
Tick Load

Abstract Background Several ungulate species are feeding and propagation hosts for the tick Ixodes ricinus as well as hosts to a wide range of zoonotic pathogens. Here, we focus on Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi (s.l.), two important pathogens for which ungulates are amplifying and dilution hosts, respectively. Ungulate management is one of the main tools to mitigate human health risks associated with these tick-borne pathogens. Across Europe, different species of ungulates are expanding their ranges and increasing in numbers. It is currently unclear if and how the relative contribution to the life-cycle of I. ricinus and the transmission cycles of tick-borne pathogens differ among these species. In this study, we aimed to identify these relative contributions for five European ungulate species. Methods We quantified the tick load and collected ticks and spleen samples from hunted fallow deer (Dama dama, n = 131), moose (Alces alces, n = 15), red deer (Cervus elaphus, n = 61), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus, n = 30) and wild boar (Sus scrofa, n = 87) in south-central Sweden. We investigated the presence of tick-borne pathogens in ticks and spleen samples using real-time PCR. We determined if ungulate species differed in tick load (prevalence and intensity) and in infection prevalence in their tissue as well as in the ticks feeding on them. Results Wild boar hosted fewer adult female ticks than any of the deer species, indicating that deer are more important as propagation hosts. Among the deer species, moose had the lowest number of female ticks, while there was no difference among the other deer species. Given the low number of infected nymphs, the relative contribution of all ungulate species to the transmission of B. burgdorferi (s.l.) was low. Fallow deer, red deer and roe deer contributed more to the transmission of A. phagocytophilum than wild boar. Conclusions The ungulate species clearly differed in their role as a propagation host and in the transmission of B. burgdorferi and A. phagocytophilum. This study provides crucial information for ungulate management as a tool to mitigate zoonotic disease risk and argues for adapting management approaches to the local ungulate species composition and the pathogen(s) of concern. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals PCR-RFLP identification of meat from red deer, sika deer, roe deer, fallow deer, mouflon, wild boar, hare and cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Nesvadbová ◽  
Gabriela Bořilová ◽  
Radka Hulánková
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Sika Deer ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Lepus Europaeus ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Pcr Rflp

Meat authentication is currently a key topic in relation to the quality and safety of food of animal origin at all levels of production and the global distribution chain. New polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP) based on digestion of PCR products with two restriction enzymes, MboII and AciI, have been developed for the specific identification of raw and heat-processed meat from red deer (Cervus elaphus), sika deer (Cervus nippon), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), fallow deer (Dama dama), mouflon (Ovis musimon), wild boar (Sus scrofa), hare (Lepus europaeus) and cattle (Bos taurus). The PCR primers were targeted in a well-conserved region of the cytochrome b (CYTB) gene to amplify a 378 bp region of all the analysed species. This simple, rapid and cost-effective method is suitable for identification of the meat of game species and their possible substitution by beef.

Fivefold higher abundance of ticks (Acari: Ixodida) on the European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) forest than field ecotypes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrycja Opalińska ◽  
Anna Wierzbicka ◽  
Marek Asman ◽  
Grzegorz Rączka ◽  
Marcin K. Dyderski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Deer Species ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tick Load

Abstract The European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) is the most common deer species in Europe. The species can be a reservoir of some tick-borne diseases (TBD) but it is primarily recognized for its contribution as an amplifier host. In Central Europe, two roe deer ecotypes are living in adjacent areas: field and forest. We investigated differences in tick load and species composition on these two ecotypes. We collected ticks from 160 (80 the forest ecotype and 80 the field ecotype) roe deer culled in Wielkopolska Region (West-Central Poland). The most common was Ixodes ricinus (n = 1610; 99%) followed by Ixodes hexagonus (n = 22; 1%). The dominant life stage of the ticks was female. Prevalence was higher for forest roe deer. Mean number of ticks found on the forest ecotype was almost fivefold higher than on the field ecotype (3.75±0.83 vs. 0.77±0.20 ticks). The mean probability of tick occurrence was threefold higher in the forest (0.915±0.050) than the field ecotype (0.279±0.125). 'The most infested body parts of roe deer from both ecotypes were the neck and the head.

scholarly journals Fivefold higher abundance of ticks (Acari: Ixodida) on the European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) forest than field ecotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrycja Opalińska ◽  
Anna Wierzbicka ◽  
Marek Asman ◽  
Grzegorz Rączka ◽  
Marcin K. Dyderski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Deer Species ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tick Load

AbstractThe European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) is the most common deer species in Europe. The species can be a reservoir of some tick-borne diseases but it is primarily recognized for its contribution as an amplifier host. In Central Europe, two roe deer ecotypes are living in adjacent areas: field and forest. We investigated differences in tick load and species composition on these two ecotypes. We collected ticks from 160 (80 the forest ecotype and 80 the field ecotype) roe deer culled in Wielkopolska Region (West-Central Poland). The most common was Ixodes ricinus (n = 1610; 99%) followed by Ixodes hexagonus (n = 22; 1%). The dominant life stage of the ticks was female. Prevalence was higher for forest roe deer. Mean number of ticks found on the forest ecotype was almost fivefold higher than on the field ecotype (3.75 ± 0.83 vs. 0.77 ± 0.20 ticks). The mean probability of tick occurrence was threefold higher in the forest (0.915 ± 0.050) than the field ecotype (0.279 ± 0.125). The most infested body parts of roe deer from both ecotypes were the neck and the head.

Plutonium 241Pu in tissues and organs of Cervidae from Northern Poland

2015 ◽  
Vol 103 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagmara I. Strumińska-Parulska ◽  
Bogdan Skwarzec
Keyword(s):  
Red Deer ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Northern Poland ◽  
The Subject

AbstractLivers, kidneys and muscles of large herbivorous animals: roe deer, red deer and fallow deer, collected in Northern Poland, were the subject of the investigation. The concentration of

scholarly journals Observations on autochtonous liver flukes in wild ruminants in Slovakia

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-313
Author(s):  
A. Iglódyová ◽  
P. Lazar ◽  
J. Čurlík ◽  
R. Karolová ◽  
J. Ciberej ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Wild Ruminants ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Liver Flukes

SummaryThe aim of the study was monitoring of liver flukes in wild ruminants including red deer (Cervus elaphus), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), fallow deer (Dama dama) and mouflon (Ovis musimon) in selected regions of Slovak Republic. Between 2014 – 2016 we examined 782 faecal samples from selected wild ruminants using coprological techniques and serological methods (ELISA detection ofF. hepaticacoproantigens). None of the samples was positive for the presence ofFasciola hepatica, 5.89 % of faecal samples were positive forDicrocoelium dendriticum. Higher prevalence was recorded in mouflon (30.83 %), lower in red deer (1.49 %).D. dendriticuminfection was not determined in fallow deer and roe deer. The seasonal distribution of dicrocoeliosis indicated a highest prevalence in autumn. Significantly higher prevalence was recorded in fenced rearing when compared with open hunting grounds, suggesting that animal agglomeration, constant use of the same areas and possible stress are the main risk factors. Parasitological examination of livers of hunted wild ruminants revealed dicrocoeliosis in mouflon.

Real-time PCR for detection and quantification of red deer (Cervus elaphus), fallow deer (Dama dama), and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in meat mixtures

Meat Science ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Fajardo ◽  
Isabel González ◽  
Irene Martín ◽  
María Rojas ◽  
Pablo E. Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Dama Dama ◽  
Detection And Quantification

scholarly journals Iodine and Selenium Contents in Skeletal Muscles of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus), Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) and Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) in the Czech Republic

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Kursa ◽  
Ivan Herzig ◽  
Jan Trávníček ◽  
Josef Illek ◽  
Vlasta Kroupová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Selenium Content ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Game Animals

The objective of this study was to examine iodine and selenium contents in skeletal muscles of selected species of game animals living in regions with low iodine and selenium contents in the soil and water. Iodine content was determined in 66 samples of skeletal muscles of red deer cut out of the musculus gracilis, 32 samples and 27 samples from the same muscle of roe deer and wild boar, respectively. The shot game animals came from hunting grounds in western and southern regions of the Czech Republic and in Protected Landscape Area Šumava. In red deer muscles the average iodine content was 44.9 ± 15.2 μg I·kg-1 wet weight with the range of 6.9 to 82.0 μg I·kg-1. The lower concentration in roe deer meat with the average 39.3 ± 14.1 μg I·kg-1 and the range from 18.3 to 84.4 μg I·kg-1 may be due to differences between biotopes and food. The average iodine concentration in the musculus gracilis of wild boars was 55.9± 27.0 μg·kg-1 wet weight. Selenium content was determined in 22 samples of red deer, 51 samples of roe deer and 27 samples of wild boar skeletal muscles. The average values of selenium content in the meat of red deer, roe deer and wild boars were 16.2 ± 8.4, 36.9 ± 16.6 and 27.6 ± 19.8 μg Se·kg-1 wet weight, respectively. All three species of game animals are characterised by low content and high variability of selenium concentration in meat with the minimum value 3.9 µg and maximum value 83.3 μg·kg-1 wet weight. The study brings new data on iodine and selenium content in the muscle of game animals in the Czech Republic.

scholarly journals Red and Fallow Deer Determine the Density of Ixodes Ricinus Nymphs Containing Anaplasma Phagocytophilum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuhisa Takumi ◽  
Tim Hofmeester ◽  
Hein Sprong
Keyword(s):  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Larval Burden

Abstract Background: The density of Ixodes ricinus nymphs infected with Anaplasma phagocytophilum is one of the parameters that determines the risk for humans and domesticated animals to contract anaplasmosis. For this, I. ricinus larvae need to take a blood meal from free-ranging ungulates, which are competent hosts for A. phagocytophilum.Methods: Here, we compared the contribution of four free-ranging ungulate species, red deer (Cervus elaphus), fallow deer (Dama dama), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), and wild boar (Sus scrofa) to A. phagocytophilum infections in nymphs. We used a combination of camera and live trapping to quantify the relative availability of vertebrate hosts to questing ticks in nineteen Dutch forest sites. Additionally, we collected questing I. ricinus nymphs and tested these for the presence of A. phagocytophilum. Furthermore, we explored two potential mechanisms that could explain differences between species: 1) differences in larval burden, which we based on data from published studies, and 2) differences in associations with other, non-competent hosts.Results: Principal component analysis indicated that the density of A. phagocytophilum infected nymphs (DIN) was higher in forest sites with high availability of red and fallow deer, and to a lesser degree roe deer. Initial results suggest that these differences are not a result of differences in larval burden, but rather differences in associations with other species or other ecological factors.Conclusions: These results indicate that the risk for contracting anaplasmosis in the Netherlands is likely highest in the few areas where red and fallow deer are present. Future studies are needed to explore the mechanisms behind this association.

scholarly journals Organochlorine Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Game Animals from Poland

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Niewiadowska ◽  
Tomasz Kiljanek ◽  
Stanisław Semeniuk ◽  
Jan Żmudzki
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Organochlorine Pesticides ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Pcb Congeners ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Industrial Regions ◽  
Game Animals

Abstract The occurrence and concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were determined in 141 adipose tissue samples of wild boars, roe deer, and red deer from different regions of the country, collected in 2010/2011. The determinations of HCH isomers (α-, β-, and γ-HCH), HCB, DDTs (p,p’-DDT, o,p’-DDT, p,p’-DDE, and p,p’-DDD), and PCBs (six indicator PCB congeners 28, 52, 101, 138, 153, and 180) were carried out using the capillary gas chromatography. The mean concentrations of DDTs expressed on the fat basis ranged from 0.241 mg/kg (wild boar) to 0.032 mg/kg (red deer), and for PCBs from 0.015 mg/kg (wild boar) to 0.010 mg/kg (roe deer). The mean contribution of p,p’-DDE to DDTs and PCB 153, PCB 138, and PCB 180 to PCBs exceeded 80% and 90% respectively, in all game animal samples studied. Higher contents of chlorinated hydrocarbons were detected in game animals originating from industrial regions.

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