scholarly journals Seasonal dynamics of Phlebotomus neglectus (Diptera: Psychodidae) in cave microhabitats in Romania and the rediscovery of Sergentomyia minuta (Rondani, 1843) after 50 years

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Daniela Cazan ◽  
Cintia Horváth ◽  
Luciana Cătălina Panait ◽  
Daniela Porea ◽  
Mihai Marinov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Trapping Site ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Sticky Traps ◽  
Cave Entrance ◽  
Zoonotic Risk ◽  
Sergentomyia Minuta

Abstract Background In a countrywide study aiming to update the knowledge on diversity of sand fly species in Romania, a sand fly population was observed in an isolated system of cave microhabitats. The caves are located in the protected area of Canaraua Fetii, Dobrogea region, southeastern Romania. The highest sand fly diversity was recorded in this area between 1968 and 1970. This work presents a study conducted to estimate the seasonal variation of the sand fly species in correlation with the particular environmental factors of the isolated system of cave microhabitats. Methods Sand flies were collected between May and October 2020 from one trapping site of interest in Canaraua Fetii. The trapping site consisted of a cave entrance. CDC miniature light traps and sticky traps were used to collect insects from the exterior walls of the cave entrance. Species identification of collected sand flies was done using morphological keys. Statistical analysis of the trapping and climatic data was performed. Results From all collected sand flies, 99.7% (818/822) were Phlebotomus neglectus, 0.1% (1/822) Ph. balcanicus and 0.2% (2/822) Sergentomyia minuta. Sand fly activity was first observed on 2 July and last on 24 September. A monomodal abundance trend was present, with the peak activity between 16 and 17 July. The analysis of the climatic data showed correlations between the total number of captured sand flies and both average temperature and average relative humidity. The total number of collected specimens was statistically higher when CDC miniature light traps were used compared to sticky traps. The number of females on the sticky traps was significantly higher than the number of males on the same trap type. Compared with the sticky traps, significantly more males were collected by CDC miniature light traps. This is the first record of Se. minuta in Romania after 50 years of no records (despite the trapping effort of the last 5 years in the country). Also, Ph. sergenti, previously present in this location, was not found. Conclusions In the investigated natural habitat, the diversity of the sand fly species appears to have changed, with the predominance of Ph. neglectus instead of Ph. balcanicus and Se. minuta (recorded as the two predominant species in 1968–1970). A monomodal abundance trend was observed as in other regions of the country. The sand fly activity in this particular cave microhabitat appears to be longer than in other regions in Romania. Longer sand fly activity increases the zoonotic risk of various pathogenic species’ transmission, with an impact on public health, as sand flies are important insect vectors. Graphical abstract

Seasonality of Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Cave Microhabitats and The Rediscovery of Sergentomyia Minuta (Rondani, 1843) After Fifty Years

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Daniela Cazan ◽  
Cintia Horváth ◽  
Luciana Cătălina Panait ◽  
Daniela Porea ◽  
Mihai Marinov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Trapping Site ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Sticky Traps ◽  
Zoonotic Risk ◽  
Sergentomyia Minuta ◽  
Number Of Males

Abstract Background: In a countrywide study with the aim to update the knowledge on diversity of sand fly species in Romania, a sand fly population was observed in an isolated system of cave microhabitats. The caves are located in the protected area of Canaraua Fetii, Dobrogea region, southeastern Romania. The highest sand fly diversity was recorded at the above-mentioned area between 1968 and 1970. This work presents an abundance study, which was conducted in order to estimate the seasonal variation of the sand fly species in correlation with the particular environmental factors of the isolated system of cave microhabitats.Methods: Sand flies were collected between May and October 2020 from one trapping site of interest, from Canaraua Fetii. The trapping site consisted of a system of cave entrances. CDC miniature light traps, and sticky traps were used to collect insects from the exterior walls of the cave entrances. Species identification of collected sand flies was done using morphological keys. Statistical analysis of the trapping and climatic data was performed.Results: From all collected sand flies, 99.63% (818/821) were Phlebotomus neglectus, 0.12% (1/821) Ph. balcanicus, and 0.25% (2/821) Sergentomyia minuta. Sand fly activity was firstly observed in 2nd of July and lastly in 24th of September. A monomodal abundance trend was present, with the peak activity between 16th and 17th of July. The analysis of the climatic data showed correlations between the total number of captured sand flies and both, average temperature and average relative humidity. The total number of collected specimens was statistically higher when CDC miniature light traps were used compared to sticky traps. The number of females on the sticky traps was significantly higher than the number of males on the same trap type. When compared with the sticky traps, a significantly higher number of males were collected by CDC miniature light traps. This is the first record of Se. minuta in Romania after 50 years of no records (despite the trapping effort of the last five years in the country). Also, Ph. sergenti, previously present in this location, was not found.Conclusions: In the investigated natural habitat, the diversity of the sand fly species appears to have changed, with the predominance of Ph. neglectus instead of Ph. balcanicus and Se. minuta (recorded as the two predominant species in 1968-1970). A monomodal abundance trend was observed as in other regions of the country. The sand fly activity in this particular cave microhabitat appears to be longer than in other regions in Romania. A longer sand fly activity increases the zoonotic risk of various pathogenic species’ transmission, with an impact in the public health, as sand flies are important insect vectors.

scholarly journals Do Different LED Colours Influence Sand Fly Collection by Light Trap in the Mediterranean?

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Gaglio ◽  
Ettore Napoli ◽  
Francesca Arfuso ◽  
Jessica Maria Abbate ◽  
Salvatore Giannetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Trap ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Trap Design ◽  
Phlebotomine Sand Flies ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Uv Led ◽  
The Mediterranean

Light traps represent the most used attractive system to collect and monitor phlebotomine sand flies. Recent studies have suggested that light traps can be easily upgraded by the use of light-emitting diode (LED) with positive effects on trap design, weight, and battery life. However, scant data on the effect of different LED colours on the attractiveness to phlebotomine sand fly species are available in literature. In this study, the capture performances of light traps equipped with different LED colours on phlebotomine sand fly species indigenous in the Mediterranean area were evaluated. Phlebotomine sand fly collections were performed using a classical light trap (CLT), equipped with a traditional incandescent lamp, and five Laika 4.0 light traps supplied, each with LED of different colours and wavelengths: (i) white; (ii) red; (iii) green; (iv) blue; (v) UV. Light traps were set for three consecutive nights fortnightly from May to October 2017 and climate data recorded using a meteorological station. A total of 411 phlebotomine sand flies (191 males and 220 females), belonging to three different species, namely, Phlebotomus perniciosus (n= 298, 141 males and 157 females), Sergentomyia minuta (n=110, 48 males and 62 females), and Phlebotomus neglectus (n=3, 2 males and 1 females) were collected. Abundance of capture was influenced by colours of LED and time. The highest number of phlebotomine sand flies was captured on June (P<0.01) and by UV LED (P<0.01). As regard to species, P. perniciosus was mainly captured by UV LED on June (P<0.01). No effect of time (P>0.05) or LED colour (P>0.05) was recorded for S. minuta and P. neglectus. According to the results of the present study light trap equipped with UV LED can represent an effective tool for the capture of sand fly species in the Mediterranean area.

Occurrence and monthly dynamics of phlebotomine sand flies in parts of Sokoto State, north-west Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-113
Author(s):  
M. Usman ◽  
A.J. Natala ◽  
I.D. Jatau ◽  
N.I. Ogo ◽  
E.O. Balogun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Sticky Traps ◽  
Phlebotomine Sand Flies ◽  
North West ◽  
Refuse Dumps

Phlebotomine sand flies are small tropical insects that have been implicated as vectors of several disease agents, including those responsible for the various forms of leishmaniasis. A study to determine the occurrence and monthly dynamics of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Phlebotominae) was conducted in three Local Government Areas (Wamakko, Sokoto South and Kware) of Sokoto State, Nigeria between May-November, 2016. A total of 1260 flies were collected using modified sticky traps placed in the various biotope types (refuse dumps and sewage tanks). Two sand fly  genera Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia were encountered. It was also observed that males account for 860(68.3%) while the total number of female  specimens was 400(31.7%). More flies were captured in Wamakko LGA of the State with a total number of 757 samples (60.1%), followed by Sokoto South LGA with a total number of 503(39.9%). Refuse dumps harboured 1,149 flies (91.2%) more than sewage tanks with a total number of 111(8.8%). No flies were captured in Kware LGA. Sand flies were more abundant in the peak rainy season of August and September and less or absent in the dry months. It was observed that rainfall and relative humidity were essential meteorological factors that determined the occurrence of sand flies in the study area. This study confirmed the occurrence of phlebotomine sand flies and the possibility of Leishmania transmission in the study-area. Keywords: Occurrence; sand flies; Phlebotomus; Sergentomyia; Leishmania; Sokoto.

scholarly journals Assessment of sand fly (Diptera, Psychodidae) control using cypermethrin in an endemic area for visceral leishmaniasis, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais State, Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 2117-2123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Andrade Barata ◽  
Erika Monteiro Michalsky ◽  
Ricardo Toshio Fujiwara ◽  
João Carlos França-Silva ◽  
Marília Fonseca Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Transmission Area

Montes Claros in Minas Gerais State, Brazil, was considered an intense transmission area for visceral leishmaniasis. This study evaluated sand fly fauna after insecticide application. Captures were performed in 10 districts from September 2005 to August 2006 with CDC light traps inside and outside each residence. Cypermethrin was sprayed in two cycles during November/2005 and May/2006. The 636 specimens collected, belonging to 10 species, were predominantly Lutzomyia longipalpis (79%), and most frequently males (70%). The highest percentage of specimens were captured in areas surrounding domiciles (85.8%). The main species were observed to be sensitive to treatment with the insecticide. The results showed a reduction in the number of sand flies collected after use of cypermethrin in homes and annexes, and with residual effect lasting from two to four months.

scholarly journals Data on sand fly fauna (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) in Itatiaia National Park, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 725-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarete M. S. Afonso ◽  
Wagner A. Costa ◽  
Alfredo C. R. Azevedo ◽  
Simone M. da Costa ◽  
Maurício L. Vilela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
National Park ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Janeiro State

The sand fly fauna in Itatiaia National Park, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, was investigated in different habitats ranging from sylvatic areas to those altered by human activity related to ecotourism, specifically identifying species that have been suggested as potential leishmaniasis vectors. Sand flies were captured from June 2002 to March 2004, using CDC light traps and Shannon traps. A total of 1,256 sand fly specimens were captured, from species belonging to genera Lutzomyia and Brumptomyia: Brumptomyia guimaraesi, B. troglodytes, Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) amarali, L. lanei, L. migonei, L. sallesi, L. edwardsi, L. tupynambai, L. (Pintomyia) pessoai, L. (P.) bianchigalatie, L. rupicola, L. (Psathyromyia) shannoni, L. pascalei, L. (Psychodopygus) matosi, L. (P.) davisi, L. (P.) hirsuta hirsuta, L. (P.) ayrozai, L. peresi, L. monticola, and L. misionensis. Worthy of special attention were four species that are considered potential vectors for cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil: L. ayrozai, L. hirsuta hirsuta, L. migonei, and L. davisi, representing 19.19% of the specimens captured in this study.

scholarly journals Seasonal dynamics of Phlebotomus Papatasi (Scopoli, 1786) (Diptera: Psychodidae) population in southern Republic of Moldova

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Sulesco ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Phlebotomus Papatasi ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Phlebotomine Sand Flies ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Genus Leishmania

Phlebotomine sand flies are vectors of several infectious pathogens, including parasitic protozoans of the genus Leishmania and phleboviruses. Increasing sand fly biting nuisance reported by residents from southern Republic of Moldova since 2011 initiated this study. Ceadir-Lunga, a semi-urban locality in southern Republic of Moldova was selected for seasonal sand fly collections outdoors and indoors in 2015 and 2017 using CDC light traps and manual aspirators. Continuous trapping showed markedly longer activity of P. papatasi indoors. Specimens were collected from first aspirations in the second half of June until last collections in mid-September, suggesting that the actual indoor activity of P. papatasi may have been longer. Low numbers of trapped specimens do not allow make accurate conclusions regarding the seasonal dynamics.

scholarly journals Sand fly fauna of South-Eastern Romania, with the description of Phlebotomus (Transphlebotomus) simonahalepae n. sp. (Diptera: Psychodidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Daniela Cazan ◽  
Attila D. Sándor ◽  
Ozge Erisoz Kasap ◽  
Bulent Alten ◽  
Andrei Daniel Mihalca
Keyword(s):  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Female Specimen ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Unknown Species ◽  
Protection Area ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

Abstract Background An entomological study was conducted in the Canaraua Fetii Special Protection Area in the Dobrogea region, South-Eastern Romania. Four sand fly species were recorded at this location between 1968 and 1970: Phlebotomus neglectus, Ph. balcanicus, Ph. sergenti and Sergentomyia minuta. The most abundant sand fly species recorded at that time were Ph. balcanicus and Se. minuta. In the context of a countrywide study to update the sand fly species diversity, we surveyed the same area, recording also a previously unknown Ph. (Transphlebotomus) sp., for which we provide a formal description here. Methods Sand flies were collected between July and August in 2018 and 2019 in three sites from Canaraua Fetii, Dobrogea region, Romania. The general aspect of the landscape is of a canyon (vertical, narrow walls and deep valleys). Species identification was done using both morphological and molecular analyses. Results Out of 645 collected sand flies, 644 (99.8%) were morphologically identified as Ph. neglectus, while one female specimen (0.2%) was assigned to a previously unknown species, belonging to the subgenus Transphlebotomus. The morphological and molecular examination of this specimen showed that it is a previously unknown species which we formally describe here as Phlebotomus (Transphlebotomus) simonahalepae n. sp. Also, Ph. balcanicus, Ph. sergenti, and Se. minuta (previously recorded in this location) were not present. Conclusions The study revealed for the first time the presence of sand flies of the subgenus Transphlebotomus in Romania. Moreover, a new species, Ph. simonahalepae n. sp., was described based on a female specimen, raising the number of species in this subgenus to six. In the investigated natural habitat, the predominant species was Ph. neglectus instead of Ph. balcanicus and Se. minuta (recorded as the predominant species in 1968–1970). Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Diversity and Dynamics of Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) of Two Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Foci in the Fes-Boulemane Region of Northern Morocco

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Zahra Talbi ◽  
Chafika Faraj ◽  
Fouad EL-Akhal ◽  
Fatiha El Khayyat ◽  
Driss Chenfour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Phlebotomus Papatasi ◽  
Phlebotomus Perniciosus ◽  
Phlebotomus Sergenti ◽  
Sergentomyia Minuta ◽  
Two Peaks

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an infectious disease caused by various species ofLeishmaniaand transmitted by several species of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae). In order to evaluate the risk of leishmaniasis transmission in Fes-Boulemane, an investigation was carried out in two localities, Aichoun and Bouasseme, during 2011. From January to December, 1120 specimens were collected in Aichoun comprising six species belonging to two genera:Phlebotomus sergenti(76.07%),Phlebotomus longicuspis(9.01%),Phlebotomus perniciosus(8.48%),Phlebotomus papatasi(4.82%),Sergentomyia minuta,andSergentomyia fallax. For Bouasseme, seven species were identified withPhlebotomus sergenti(60.39%) dominating, followed byPhlebotomus perniciosus(20%) andPhlebotomus longicuspis(12.15%). The remaining species,Phlebotomus papatasi,Phlebotomus ariasi,Sergentomyia minuta,andSergentomyia fallax,were less prevalent. The activity of sand flies in both localities is marked by the dominance ofPh. sergentiwith two peaks occurring in June and September. In order to obtain a better understanding of sand fly diversity among their species, results were analyzed by the ecological indices determinant: specific richness, the relative abundance, and Shannon-Weiner index (H′). Further studies of sand fly diversity should employ statistical tests and molecular analyses. This study can be useful in the implementation of appropriate future control measures.

scholarly journals Molecular Detection of Bartonella sp. in Psathyromyia shannoni and Lutzomyia cruciata From Northeastern Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yokomi N. Lozano-Sardaneta ◽  
Nadia Joselyne Soto-Olguín ◽  
Jorge J. Rodríguez-Rojas ◽  
Sokani Sánchez-Montes ◽  
Eduardo A. Rebollar-Téllez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Bartonella Bacilliformis ◽  
Phlebotomine Sand Flies ◽  
Northeastern Mexico

Phlebotomine sand flies are vectors of Leishmania spp., Bartonella bacilliformis, and several arboviruses worldwide. In Mexico, the presence of Bartonella species is associated sporadically with arthropods and little is known on the diversity of insects that could be incriminated with its transmission. The aim of this study was to perform a molecular detection of Bartonella DNA in sand fly species collected in northeastern Mexico. Sand flies were collected at the states of Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas from June to August 2010, using 16 light traps per night. Sand fly species were morphologically identified, and for Bartonella detection, we amplified ~378 bp of the citrate synthase gene (gltA). DNA sequences were compared in a phylogenetic reconstruction based on maximum likelihood. A total of 532 specimens from seven sand fly species were morphologically identified, where 11 specimens from Tamaulipas tested positive for the presence of a new lineage of Bartonella sp. associated with Psathyromyia shannoni and Lutzomyia cruciata. This work represents the second record of Bartonella-associated with sand flies outside of the endemic area of Carrion’s disease. More studies are necessary to understand their life cycle, transmission dynamics, and their relationship with sand fly species.

Sand Fly Fauna, Spatial Distribution of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae), and Climate Factors in Dourados, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoel Sebastião da Costa Lima-Junior ◽  
Paulo Silva de Almeida ◽  
José Oliveira da Silva ◽  
Rosana Alexandre da Silva ◽  
Odival Faccenda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Climate Factors ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Aggregate Distribution ◽  
Second Period

Abstract Studies of the geographic distribution of sand flies and the factors associated with their occurrence are necessary to understand the risk of leishmaniasis transmission. The objective of this study was to characterize the sand fly fauna, particularly the spatial distribution of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva), and correlate these with climate factors in the Dourados municipality, Brazil. The collection of sand flies was carried out with CDC Light Traps over two periods: at six sites for three consecutive nights each month from August 2012 to July 2013; and at four other sites for two consecutive nights each month from April 2017 to February 2018. We collected 591 sand flies in the first period and 121 in the second period for a total of 712 sand flies; 697 of the total collected were Lu. longipalpis. The minimum and maximum sand fly infestation rate (sites with vector presence) was 11.1% and 83.33% in the first period, and 0% and 50.0% in the second period. No sand flies with Leishmania were identified via PCR. Lu. longipalpis presented an aggregate disposition with excellent adjustment. Rainfall and relative humidity were the abiotic factors that influenced the vector infestation level. The aggregate distribution for this species was predicted by the environmental factors that favor the proliferation of Lu. longipalpis. The results of this study should assist in devising measures to control sand flies in Dourados, Brazil.

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