scholarly journals Applying local epidemiological data to national policy – the case study of the epidemiology of wrist and hand injury in Jerusalem

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moran Bodas ◽  
◽  
Adi Givon ◽  
Kobi Peleg
Keyword(s):  
National Policy ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Hand Injury

scholarly journals Beyond national indicators: adapting the Demographic and Health Surveys’ sampling strategies and questions to better inform subnational malaria intervention policy

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ifeoma D. Ozodiegwu ◽  
Monique Ambrose ◽  
Katherine E. Battle ◽  
Caitlin Bever ◽  
Ousmane Diallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Surveys ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
National Level ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Malaria Prevalence ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Malaria Indicator Survey ◽  
Narrow Scope

AbstractIn malaria-endemic countries, prioritizing intervention deployment to areas that need the most attention is crucial to ensure continued progress. Global and national policy makers increasingly rely on epidemiological data and mathematical modelling to help optimize health decisions at the sub-national level. The Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) Program is a critical data source for understanding subnational malaria prevalence and intervention coverage, which are used for parameterizing country-specific models of malaria transmission. However, data to estimate indicators at finer resolutions are limited, and surveys questions have a narrow scope. Examples from the Nigeria DHS are used to highlight gaps in the current survey design. Proposals are then made for additional questions and expansions to the DHS and Malaria Indicator Survey sampling strategy that would advance the data analyses and modelled estimates that inform national policy recommendations. Collaboration between the DHS Program, national malaria control programmes, the malaria modelling community, and funders is needed to address the highlighted data challenges.

scholarly journals Local industrial strategy and skills policy in England: Assessing the linkages and limitations – a case study of the Sheffield City Deal

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 857-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Sissons ◽  
Katy Jones
Keyword(s):  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Local Growth ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Economic Development Policy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Do So

This paper examines changes in local economic development policy which occurred between 2010 and 2015, with a focus on the relationship between industrial strategy and skills policy. Under the Coalition Government, Local Enterprise Partnerships were established and tasked with facilitating local growth, and to do so many identified a set of (potential) growth sectors for industrial strategy to support. These sectors tended to be drawn from a relatively narrow range of industries which therefore often excluded a large proportion of the local economy. An important focus of the support for growth sectors for many has been through an ambition to influence the local skills system. Skills policy more broadly has been an important dimension of devolution, and a number of City Deals have included elements of skills policy. Echoing previous national policy however, the focus of local concerns with skills under devolution has been framed largely with reference to skills gaps and shortages. While specific skills gaps and shortages can be identified, this paper questions whether this default position is reflected widely, and as such, if a narrow focus on skills supply is a sufficient approach. It is argued that to support local growth across a broad base, greater attention needs to be paid to stimulating employer demand for skills through better integrating industrial and innovation policy with skills policymaking across a wider section of the local economy. To support these arguments we present a case study of the Sheffield City Deal.

scholarly journals How to build a nation: ethnosocial management and academic science in a problem field of state national policy

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 124-124
Author(s):  
Elena A. Erokhina
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Ethnic Politics ◽  
Diversity Management ◽  
Academic Science ◽  
Legislative Initiative ◽  
The Law ◽  
Soviet Russia

The paper presents an analysis of strategic planning documents in the field of ethnic politics of post-Soviet Russia. A case study of a legislative initiative known as the “law on the Russian nation” is considered. It is concluded that the reception of nationalism in the practice of ethnosocial management is the result of borrowing Westernized models of ethnic diversity management.

scholarly journals Coupling Uncertainties with Accuracy Assessment in Object-based Slum Detections, Case Study: Jakarta, Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jati Pratomo ◽  
Monika Kuffer ◽  
Javier Martinez ◽  
Divyani Kohli
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Accuracy Assessment ◽  
False Negative ◽  
National Policy ◽  
True Positive ◽  
True Negative ◽  
Object Based ◽  
The Impact

Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA) has been successfully used to map slums. In general, the occurrence of uncertainties in producing geographic data is inevitable. However, most studies concentrated solely on assessing the classification accuracy and neglecting the inherent uncertainties. Our research analyses the impact of uncertainties in measuring the accuracy of OBIA-based slum detection. We selected Jakarta as our case study area, because of a national policy of slum eradication, which is causing rapid changes in slum areas. Our research comprises of four parts: slum conceptualization, ruleset development, implementation, and accuracy and uncertainty measurements. Existential and extensional uncertainty arise when producing reference data. The comparison of a manual expert delineations of slums with OBIA slum classification results into four combinations: True Positive, False Positive, True Negative and False Negative. However, the higher the True Positive (which lead to a better accuracy), the lower the certainty of the results. This demonstrates the impact of extensional uncertainties. Our study also demonstrates the role of non-observable indicators (i.e., land tenure), to assist slum detection, particularly in areas where uncertainties exist. In conclusion, uncertainties are increasing when aiming to achieve a higher classification accuracy by matching manual delineation and OBIA classification.

The Upper Paralimbal Zone is Especially Susceptible to Ruptures Due to Blunt Trauma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea Osterried ◽  
Markus Gruber ◽  
Daniel Böhringer ◽  
Hansjürgen Agostini ◽  
Thomas Reinhard
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Targeted Prevention ◽  
Slit Lamp ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Globe Rupture ◽  
Protective Eyewear ◽  
Retrospective Case Study

Abstract Background Globe ruptures are ophthalmological emergencies where the primary diagnosis using a slit lamp is often a challenge. Objectives The retrospective case study aimed to characterise the predilection sites, the demographic profile and the causes of bursts due to blunt globe trauma. Materials and Methods The surgical plan of the Eye Centre of the Medical Centre (University of Freiburg) was electronically searched using the keyword “globe rupture” over a period of 18 years (2000 – 2018). This led to 350 hits, which were scrutinised by hand. 134 globe ruptures due to blunt globe trauma were then identified. Results The most common predilection sites were the upper nasal and the upper temporal paralimbal zones with 37 and 32% of the examined globe ruptures, respectively. The average age at the time of rupture was 60 (from 2 to 97) years. The median age was 62.5 years. 37% (49/134) of patients were female. The most frequent causes of accidents were falls (43%), “flying” wooden and metal objects (18%) and acts of violence (10%). Conclusions Special attention should be paid to the upper paralimbal zone in the exploratory primary care of globe ruptures. If the rupture occurred due to “flying” wooden and metal objects, the posterior sclera burst most frequently. The epidemiological data suggest that targeted prevention against falls for individuals over 60 years and consistent wearing of protective eyewear when working with wood or metal could reduce the incidence of bulbar bursting. It was also noticeable that acts of violence were the third most frequent cause of rupture, although woman did not report that they were affected by this. Given the high occurrence of violence against women, shame and stigma may lead to an incorrect inquiry about the cause of the accident. This could be mitigated by training employees specifically to take a sensitive history.

scholarly journals Implementation of a national policy for improving health and social care: a comparative case study using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Strehlenert ◽  
Johan Hansson ◽  
Monica Elisabeth Nyström ◽  
Henna Hasson
Keyword(s):  
Implementation Research ◽  
Social Care ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Wicked Problems ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
National Quality

Abstract Background Comprehensive policies are becoming common for addressing wicked problems in health and social care. Success of these policies often varies between target organizations. This variation can often be attributed to contextual factors. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the conditions for successful policy implementation and how context influences this process. The aim of this study was to investigate county-level actors’ perspectives on the implementation of a comprehensive national policy in three Swedish counties. The policy focused on developing quality of care for elderly based on the use of national quality registries (NQRs) and to improve coordination of care. Methods A comparative case study approach was used. Data was collected longitudinally through documents and interviews. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) guided the analysis. Results All three counties shared the view that the policy addressed important issues. Still, there was variation regarding how it was perceived and managed. Adaptable features—i.e., NQRs and improvement coaches—were perceived as relevant and useful. However, the counties differed in their perceptions of another policy component—i.e., senior management program—as an opportunity or a disturbance. This program, while tackling complex issues of collaboration, fell short in recognizing the counties’ pre-existing conditions and needs and also offered few opportunities for adaptations. Performance bonuses and peer pressure were strong incentives for all counties to implement the policy, despite the poor fit of policy content and local context. Conclusions Comprehensive health policies aiming to address wicked problems have better chances of succeeding if the implementation includes assessments of the target organizations’ implementation capacity as well as the implicit quid pro quos involved in policy development. Special attention is warranted regarding the use of financial incentives when dealing with wicked problems since the complexity makes it difficult to align incentives with the goals and to assess potential consequences. Other important aspects in the implementation of such policies are the use of collaborative approaches to engage stakeholders with differing perspectives, and the tailoring of policy communication to facilitate shared understanding and commitment.

scholarly journals Integrating serological and genetic data to quantify cross-species transmission: brucellosis as a case study

Parasitology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 143 (7) ◽  
pp. 821-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAFALDA VIANA ◽  
GABRIEL M. SHIRIMA ◽  
KUNDA S. JOHN ◽  
JULIE FITZPATRICK ◽  
RUDOVICK R. KAZWALA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Northern Tanzania ◽  
Animal Infection ◽  
Latent Process ◽  
Level Of Understanding

SUMMARYEpidemiological data are often fragmented, partial, and/or ambiguous and unable to yield the desired level of understanding of infectious disease dynamics to adequately inform control measures. Here, we show how the information contained in widely available serology data can be enhanced by integration with less common type-specific data, to improve the understanding of the transmission dynamics of complex multi-species pathogens and host communities. Using brucellosis in northern Tanzania as a case study, we developed a latent process model based on serology data obtained from the field, to reconstruct Brucella transmission dynamics. We were able to identify sheep and goats as a more likely source of human and animal infection than cattle; however, the highly cross-reactive nature of Brucella spp. meant that it was not possible to determine which Brucella species (B. abortus or B. melitensis) is responsible for human infection. We extended our model to integrate simulated serology and typing data, and show that although serology alone can identify the host source of human infection under certain restrictive conditions, the integration of even small amounts (5%) of typing data can improve understanding of complex epidemiological dynamics. We show that data integration will often be essential when more than one pathogen is present and when the distinction between exposed and infectious individuals is not clear from serology data. With increasing epidemiological complexity, serology data become less informative. However, we show how this weakness can be mitigated by integrating such data with typing data, thereby enhancing the inference from these data and improving understanding of the underlying dynamics.

scholarly journals Modelling the Outcomes of International Crises Using Confrontation Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Curry ◽  
Dana Ruggiero ◽  
Phil Sabin ◽  
Michael Young
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
International Crises ◽  
Policy Positions ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
Potential Development ◽  
Key Aspects

Aim. To explore the professional application of Professor Nigel Howard’s 1998 Confrontation Analysis method of modelling political conflicts. Case Study. The Confrontation Analysis methodology was applied to the design of a political-military (pol-mil) game held at the UK’s Defence Academy in 2011 to examine the future course of the then current Libyan Civil War. Methodology. Confrontation Analysis provides a structured schema to help identify the parties involved in a dispute, highlight the differences in their narratives, find the subsequent dilemmas and attempt to resolve them to move the situation on. This helps provide rigour to analysis, negotiation and decision making as it clearly documents initial policy positions and subsequent changes through the use of cards which summarise each stakeholder’s position at each stage. Value. The methodology, used in conjunction with role-play and multi-player teams, was found to have some utility, not in forecasting detailed outcomes, but in highlighting key aspects of the potential development of the situation. This research concluded that Confrontation Analysis can make a significant contribution to understanding and analyzing international crises as well as assisting in formulating successful national policy. Confrontation Analysis can be also be an invaluable part of a learning process for analysts and key decision makers facing real crises.

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