scholarly journals Clinical pharmacy in Israel versus the US, can we "compare apples to apples"?—commentary

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eyal Schwartzberg ◽  
Eli Marom
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Pharmacy ◽  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Clinical Pharmacists ◽  
Road Map ◽  
The Us ◽  
Pharmacy Technicians ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Robotics

AbstractClinical pharmacy is an umbrella of pharmaceutical services that is practiced by clinical pharmacists. Clinical pharmacists improve the quality of drug therapy, minimize the risk for drug related problems, reduce the risk of morbidity and mortality associated with polypharmacy and decrease the overall healthcare expenditure. Consequently, clinical pharmacy is focused on both the needs of the individual patient, as well as of the healthcare system. Clinical pharmacy is now well-established and practiced worldwide and in the last two decades has been implemented successfully in Israel. This commentary maintains that the comparison of clinical pharmacy practice in Israel and in the United States, published by AJ Rose et al., has several limitations that need to be considered when devising a road map that will fit the Israeli health care system and its environment. Emphasis should be placed on the implementation of automation and robotics, promulgating regulations to allow for integration of pharmacy technicians, and allocating funds for such services.

Precarious Work and Young Workers in the United States

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne L. Kalleberg
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
The United States ◽  
Young Workers ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Precarious Work ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
The Us ◽  
Training Opportunities ◽  
And Training

This chapter discusses how the growth of precarious work and the polarization of the US labor market have produced major problems for the employment experiences of young workers. A prominent indicator of young workers’ difficulties in the labor market has been the sharp increase in their unemployment rates since the Great Recession. Another, equally if not more severe, problem faced by young workers today is the relatively low quality of the jobs that they were able to get. Other problems include the exclusion of young workers from the labor market and from education and training opportunities; the inability to find jobs that utilize their education, training, and skills; and the inability to obtain jobs that provide them with an opportunity to get a foothold in a career that would lead to progressively better jobs and thus be able to construct career narratives.

The great Chinese surprise: the rupture with the United States is real and is happening

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-437
Author(s):  
Xiangfeng Yang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Pendulum Swing ◽  
The Us ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Trade War ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Ample evidence exists that China was caught off guard by the Trump administration's onslaught of punishing acts—the trade war being a prime, but far from the only, example. This article, in addition to contextualizing their earlier optimism about the relations with the United States under President Trump, examines why Chinese leaders and analysts were surprised by the turn of events. It argues that three main factors contributed to the lapse of judgment. First, Chinese officials and analysts grossly misunderstood Donald Trump the individual. By overemphasizing his pragmatism while downplaying his unpredictability, they ended up underprepared for the policies he unleashed. Second, some ingrained Chinese beliefs, manifested in the analogies of the pendulum swing and the ‘bickering couple’, as well as the narrative of the ‘ballast’, lulled officials and scholars into undue optimism about the stability of the broader relationship. Third, analytical and methodological problems as well as political considerations prevented them from fully grasping the strategic shift against China in the US.

The Influence of Personal Factor on US Foreign Policy (Secretary of State John Kerry)

2014 ◽  
pp. 72-83
Author(s):  
A. Borisova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Us Foreign Policy ◽  
Political Leader ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Secretary Of State ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa

The last five years defined an alternative course in the US foreign policy. Obama's reelection caused staff transfers which notably influenced the course. This comprehensive process is based on tremendous work conducted by the Administration of Barak Obama, in particular by John Kerry, who was appointed as a Secretary of State in 2013. His personality plays a significant role in American domestic and foreign policy interrelation. Adoption or rejection of the bills, which are well-known today, depended in large on a range of circumstances, such as personality, life journey and political leader career of the today's Secretary of State. John Kerry’s professional life is mainly associated with domestic policy; nevertheless, he has always been interested in foreign relations and national security issues. Those concerns generally included: non-proliferation, US security, ecological problems, fight against terrorism. The article is intended to highlight Kerry’s efforts in each of these fields, showing not only his actions, but also difficult process of adoption or banning bills in the USA. The author tried to display the whole complicated decision-making process among different parties, businessmen and politicians, law and money clashes. The results of many former endeavors can be seen today, in the modern US policy. Based on assumptions about Secretary of State’s beliefs, certain road map can be predicted. In conclusion, the article offers several courses, where the United States are likely to be most active during the next few years. It can be judged exactly which way some current political issues will develop, how the US foreign policy will be shaped by today's decision-makers in the White House.

United States of America

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-88
Author(s):  
Christian Leuprecht
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intelligence Community ◽  
Government Accountability ◽  
Select Committee ◽  
Accountability System ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Government

This chapter reviews the member organizations of the United States Intelligence Community, the strategic environment that has informed intelligence and accountability in the United States, including scandals as a key driver of innovation, and the current and future threat environment as seen by the United States. The chapter examines the US intelligence accountability architecture: the House of Representative Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, the Inspectors General, the Government Accountability Office, the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Office, and the President’s Intelligence Advisory Board. The sheer number and complexity of accountability bodies in the US gives rise to inefficiencies, ineffectiveness, and duplication. The accountability system is replete with gaps and vulnerabilities: partisanship, collective-action problems, resource allocation, and inconsistent quality of review in congressional accountability; GAO’s limited authority to review the USIC and sensitive operations; the adequacy of the FISA court in adequately protecting the rights of Americans; and Presidential discretion in appointing and removing IGs. These issues have implications not just for the United States, but for allies, partners as well as regional and global stability.

scholarly journals Assessing U.S. Landscape Architecture Faculty Research Contribution

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Robert D. Brown ◽  
Tamanna Tasnum ◽  
YouJoung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
Landscape Architecture ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
The United States ◽  
Scholarly Output ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Us ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Contribution Level

Landscape architecture programs in the United States are assessed based on the quality of the professional education received by their students. Research is becoming an increasingly important part of the profession as evidence-based landscape architecture grows, and it is critical that university faculty provide information that can be used in professional practice to resolve important environmental and social issues. In many universities, individual landscape architecture faculty are encouraged to conduct research and their performance is evaluated based largely on the quantity and quality of their scholarly output. This paper used publicly-available information to conduct a citation analysis for individual faculty and professionally accredited landscape architecture programs across the US. There was a wide range in the contribution level with some programs and some individuals who were very productive, while many others contributed very little. This might point to an attempt by programs to maintain a balance between scholarly contributions and the education of professional landscape architects. As research becomes an increasing important part of the profession, the productive programs and individuals identified in this study might provide models for others to emulate.

FDA at BIO 2011 – Weighing a hefty mission: Where is the balance?

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Levy
Keyword(s):  
Nonprofit Sector ◽  
The United States ◽  
Biotechnology Industry ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Current State ◽  
Industry Organization ◽  
The Us ◽  
Quality Of Food ◽  
Biotechnology Industry Organization

The mission of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is to promote public health by ensuring the safety and quality of food and medical products sold in the United States. At this year's annual Biotechnology Industry Organization (BIO) convention, significant discussion revolved around the appropriate interpretation and execution of that mission.The BIO meeting hosted 15 646 participants from across industry, government and the nonprofit sector, focusing on the current state of the biotechnology industry, as well as its challenges in seeking to further improve public welfare. Perhaps partly because this year's meeting was held in Washington, DC – the seat of the federal government and of BIO's headquarters – much attention was paid to the US regulatory environment. In particular, attendees debated the quandary faced every day by the FDA: how to enable access to novel therapies quickly, but only once their safety has been certified.

International comparison of the quality of voluntary adverse event reports for cremophor-containing paclitaxel-associated anaphylaxis submitted to regulatory agencies in the United States, Europe, and Japan

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 6589-6589
Author(s):  
E. Calhoun ◽  
D. Raisch ◽  
H. Luu ◽  
E. Carias ◽  
L. Irizarry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Event ◽  
Adverse Drug Events ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
The United States ◽  
Adverse Event Report ◽  
H2 Blockers ◽  
The Us ◽  
Drug Regimens ◽  
Prophylaxis Therapy

6589 Background: Serious adverse drug events (sADEs) are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. The FDA's MedWatch program is a voluntary adverse drug reporting program. In Europe and Japan, sADE reports are rarely reimbursed. We evaluated the quality of adverse events reporting in the US, Europe, and Japan for paclitaxel-associated anaphylaxis. Hypersensitivity reactions (presumably due to the diluent cremophor) occur in up to 42% of patients receiving paclitaxel (cremophor- containing paclitaxel was licensed in 1992, a cremophor-free paclitaxel was licensed in 2005). Methods: We reviewed reports of anaphylactic reactions to paclitaxel reported between 1997–2007 contained in the FDA Adverse Event Report System (AERS). Results: Of 171 unique case reports, 34% resulted in death. Cases that resulted in death were mostly incomplete in reporting descriptions of anaphylaxis symptoms and prophylaxis/therapy drug regimens in the US, Europe and Japan. (Table) The median duration between date of event and regulatory notification was 27, 55, and 18 days for the US, Europe, and Japan respectively. Conclusions: Overall, the quality of case reports of serious anaphylaxis reactions to cremophor-containing paclitaxel was poor in the US, Europe, and Japan, despite a substantial number of these reports being associated with death. Surprisingly, among the patients receiving prophylaxis with corticosteroids, anti-histamines, and/or H2-blockers, 36% of patients still died. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Retrospective mathematical analysis of serial prostate specific antigen (PSA) measurements for patients with M0 prostate cancer treated with intermittent androgen suppression (IAS).

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15201-e15201
Author(s):  
Celestia S. Higano ◽  
Yoshito Hirata ◽  
Koichiro Akakura ◽  
Nicholas Bruchovsky ◽  
Kazuyuki Aihara
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
The United States ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Castration Resistance ◽  
Group I ◽  
Intermittent Androgen Suppression ◽  
The Individual

e15201 Background: Recently a phase III trial demonstrated that IAS was non-inferior to continuous AS in men with M0 disease after primary or salvage radiation and quality of life was better in the intermittent arm (Crook ASCO 2011). In that trial, men were treated with 8 months of AS followed by a variable time off AS driven by the absolute PSA value. The Hirata mathematical model describes the dynamics of prostate cancer treated with IAS (Hirata et al, J of Theoretical Biol 2010). In the model, there are three classes of cancer cells: a class of androgen dependent (AD) cells and two classes of androgen independent (AI:X1 and AI:X2) cells. During AS, AD cells will change to the two AI classes, and during the off treatment period, AI:X1 cells will revert to AD cells whereas AI:X2 cells cannot revert to either AD or AI:X1 cells. Methods: After IRB approval, we applied the Hirata model using serial monthly PSAs from men with M0 disease treated with IAS from Japan, Canada, and the United States. The proportions of men from each country who fell into the 3 categories of patients previously defined by the Hirata model were compared. Results: Serial PSAs from 26 men from Japan, 72 from Canada, and 79 from US were put into the model. The 3 categories of patients from the model include: (i) those with disease that will remain androgen sensitive and will respond to IAS without development of castration resistance (CRPC) (ii) those who will benefit from IAS but will develop CRPC sooner than those in group (i), (iii) those for whom continuous AS is superior to IAS. The datasets from each country show a similar distribution among the categories, and overall there were 42%, 51%, and 7% falling into groups i, ii, and iii respectively. Conclusions: This retrospective analysis shows that men with M0 disease treated with IAS fall into the 3 categories predicted by the Hirata model in similar proportions, regardless of country of origin. The ability to apply this model to the individual patient in the clinic is currently under development. The model may ultimately be able to optimize both the on and off treatment durations of IAS and to predict those patients who will most benefit from this approach.

Charitable contributions and quality in the us hospice care setting

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Noe ◽  
Dana A. Forgione
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Hospice Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Charitable Contributions ◽  
The Us ◽  
Home Health Aide ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Worker Quality ◽  
Cost Report

This paper examines the association of charitable donations with quality of care proxies for nonprofit hospice providers in the United States (US). An estimated 1.45 million patients received hospice care in the US in 2008. Medicare hospice spending exceeded $10 billion in 2007 and is expected to more than double over the next 10 years. Using Guidestar and Medicare Hospice Cost Report data, we find donations are positively associated with proxies for nurse and social worker quality of care, but not with our home-health aide quality proxy. This research adds to our understanding of charitable contributions in hospice provider organizations.

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