scholarly journals Prevalence, incidence, and trends of childhood overweight/obesity in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic scoping review

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Inkum Danquah ◽  
Monica Ansu-Mensah ◽  
Vitalis Bawontuo ◽  
Matilda Yeboah ◽  
Desmond Kuupiel
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Childhood Overweight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background The growing burden of non-communicable diseases (NDC), particularly in low-and middle-income countries, poses a significant threat to global health. Obesity and overweight constitute major risk factors of NCDs such as heart diseases, diabetes, and kidney disease, and as a result, contribute significantly to the development of chronic morbidities, reduced quality of life, and increased risk of premature death. This study described evidence on the prevalence, incidence, and trends of childhood overweight and obesity in sub-Sahara Africa (SSA). Methods We conducted a systematic scoping review employing the Arksey and O’Malley framework, Levac et al. recommendations, and the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. To obtain relevant published articles for this review, we performed a comprehensive keywords search in PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and CINAHL via EBSCOhost platform for studies published between 2009 and June 2019. Guided by the eligibility criteria, title and abstracts, as well as the full-text articles were independently screened in parallel by two investigators. All relevant data were independently extracted by two investigators using a piloted form designed in Microsoft and thematic analysis conducted. Results Of the 81 included studies obtained from 250,148 potentially eligible articles, the majority (25) conducted in South Africa followed by 18 in Nigeria. Six studies were conducted in Ethiopia (6), Tanzania (5), Kenya (4), Cameroon (4), Ghana (3), Uganda (2), Mozambique (2), and Sudan (2). One study each was conducted in Botswana, Gambia, Lesotho, Mauritius, Seychelles, Togo, and Zimbabwe. The remaining three articles were multi-country studies. Most (81.5%) of the included studies were cross-sectional surveys and the majority (79) focused on both male and female participants. The majority (80/81) of the included studies reported on the prevalence of childhood overweight/obesity, 8 on the trends of childhood overweight/obesity, and one presented evidence on the incidence of childhood overweight and obesity in SSA. Conclusion This review demonstrates limited studies on childhood overweight/obesity in most SSA countries although the included studies suggest an increasing burden. Considering the consequences of childhood obesity, there is a need for more primary researches to inform policies decision and implementation to halt the rise of childhood obesity/overweight in SSA.

scholarly journals Environmental, Socioeconomic, Maternal, and Breastfeeding Factors Associated with Childhood Overweight and Obesity in Ceará, Brazil: A Population-Based Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1557
Author(s):  
Sabrina G. M. O. Rocha ◽  
Hermano A. L. Rocha ◽  
Álvaro J. M. Leite ◽  
Márcia M. T. Machado ◽  
Ana C. Lindsay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Childhood Overweight ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Childhood Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Relationship

Childhood obesity is now an epidemic in many countries worldwide and is known to be a multifactorial condition. We aimed to examine the relationship of environmental, socioeconomic, and nutritional factors with childhood overweight and obesity. We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study of children from 2 to 6 years of age in Ceará, Brazil. Children’s nutritional status was assessed by body mass index (BMI) Z scores categorized as overweight and obesity. Ordinal logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between the factors with overweight and obesity. A total of 2059 children participated, of which 50.4% were male. The mean age was 46 ± 17 months, with a prevalence of overweight and obesity of 12.0% (95% CI 10.7–13.6) and 8.0% (6.7–9.5), respectively. In multivariate analysis, the probability of childhood obesity increased as family income increased (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.6 (95% CI 0.37–0.95), p-value = 0.03). Moreover, families with fewer children had more than 30% fewer overweight children (aHR 0.68; 95% CI 0.48–0.96). Environmental, socioeconomic, and child nutritional factors were associated with overweight and obesity. The results provided could be used to design integrated interventions spanning from conception, or earlier, through the first years of life and may improve child nutritional outcomes.

Attitudes to childhood overweight and obesity: The limits of cultural explanations

2011 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 670-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suparna Chakrabarti ◽  
Stephen Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
English Language ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Childhood Overweight ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Majority Population

Objectives: To explore attitudes to and beliefs about childhood overweight and obesity among Bangladeshi mothers and to check maternal perceptions of their children’s weight status. Design: Mixed methods cross-sectional study. Setting: A general practice in East London, UK. Methods: Qualitative interviews with 14 mothers; weighing and measuring 22 children. Results: Mothers were generally aware of broad health promotion messages about diet and exercise, but many tended to under-estimate their children’s weight status. Differences in view did not reflect in any simple way English language skills, and the range of views reflected those in the majority population. Conclusion: Health promotion initiatives should assess individual needs; membership of a Bangladeshi community does not necessarily predict knowledge, beliefs or behaviour, and assumptions that this community is different from others are misleading.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of obesity among higher secondary school students in urban and rural schools of North Kerala

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1851
Author(s):  
Urmila K. V. ◽  
Divya Krishnan K. ◽  
. Sudakaran ◽  
Muralikrishnan Nambiar
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Childhood Overweight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
School Students ◽  
Childhood Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Childhood overweight and obesity have become an important public health problem. Life style approach is required, and requires political and social commitment in addition to medical management. We investigated the prevalence of obesity and the association with risk factors relating to physical activities, in higher secondary school children of government and private schools.Methods: In 2015, we surveyed higher secondary students in North Kerala both in government and private sector schools. We measured height, weight and plotted Body mass Index on CDC (Child Developement Centre) charts. Factors affecting obesity like physical and sedentary activities (using Bharathy et al questionnaire) and school-based risk factors were also studied.Results: Multivariate logistic regression was done to evaluate the significance of these risk factors for overweight and obesity. On the basis of measurements taken in 496 higher secondary school students, the estimated provincial prevalence of overweight was found to be 7%, obesity 3% and malnutrition 18%. Children who studied in private school was found to have increased risk of overweight p=0.02 with odds ratio (OR of 2.97 95% confidence interval CI 1.27-6.97), whereas those who went to school by walking were at decreased risk (OR 2.78, 95% CI 1.16-6.65). Students involved in house hold chores for 4hours or more a week were associated with a decreased risk of overweight (OR 3.96, 95% CI 1.42-11.07) and those with less activity were at increased risk for obesity (OR 6.61, 95% CI 1.91-22.84).Conclusions: Home and schools provide important opportunities for public health initiatives for reducing childhood overweight and obesity. Children in private schools coming from higher socio-economic background are being less physically active and has thus susceptible to obesity and its consequences.

scholarly journals Campbelltown – Changing our Future: study protocol for a whole of system approach to childhood obesity in South Western Sydney

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Maitland ◽  
Mandy Williams ◽  
Bin Jalaludin ◽  
Steven Allender ◽  
Claudia Strugnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Future Study ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
System Approach ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Childhood Overweight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Childhood Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Key Stakeholders

Abstract Background In Australia, around 67% of adults and 25% of children (5–17 years) are currently overweight or obese (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 4364.0.55.001 - National Health Survey: First Results, 2017–18, 2018). The Campbelltown – Changing our Future study will translate ‘a whole of system’ approach, previously trialed in rural communities in Victoria and the Australian Capital Territoty, to Campbelltown Local Government Area (LGA), a socioeconomically and ethnically diverse urban community in south western Sydney, NSW. Methods The study intervention will use a five-step approach; 1 – set up a childhood obesity monitoring system by collecting baseline data from children in primary schools across Campbelltown LGA to give a local context to the community when developing the systems map; 2 - key stakeholders develop systems maps which inform the development of the interventions; 3 - key stakeholders and community groups identify priority areas for action and form working groups; 4 - implementation of the interventions; 5 - evaluation of the interventions. The study will adopt a longitudinal pre/post design with repeated measures at baseline, 2 years and 4 years. Both qualitative and quantitative methods will be used to collect and analyse the data. Discussion Addressing childhood overweight and obesity is complex and requires a multifaceted intervention. This approach has the capacity to impact a range of factors that influence childhood overweight and obesity utilising existing capacity of multiple partners with broad community reach. Findings will develop local responses which capture the complexity of obesity at a community level and further our understanding of the interrelationships and relative importance of local factors impacting childhood overweight and obesity. This study aims to provide evidence for systems methods and approaches suitable for adaption and scaling and may provide evidence of successful community intervention elements.

scholarly journals Trends in overweight and obesity prevalence in Tuscan schoolchildren (2002–2012)

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 3078-3085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Lazzeri ◽  
Donatella Panatto ◽  
Andrea Pammolli ◽  
Elena Azzolini ◽  
Rita Simi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Childhood Overweight ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Who Criteria ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
Nutritional Surveillance

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to examine the prevalence and time trends in childhood overweight including obesity and obesity among Tuscan children from 2002 to 2012.DesignCross-sectional study at five time points (Tuscan Nutritional Surveillance Surveys conducted in the years of 2002, 2006, 2008, 2010 and 2012). Trained personnel directly measured the height and weight of the subjects. BMI was assessed by means of the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) and WHO cut-offs.SettingRepresentative sample of children in the Tuscany region (Italy).SubjectsChildren (n 7183) aged between 7·5 and 9·5 years (3711 boys and 3472 girls).ResultsWith respect to the estimation of the absolute prevalence level of childhood overweight, a discrepancy was observed between the two criteria. In all surveys, more boys than girls were overweight (including obesity). Trend analysis showed a significant decrease in the prevalence of overweight including obesity and obesity in Tuscan children from 2002 to 2012 (32·0 % v. 25·8 %, P<0·001 on using IOTF criteria and 37·7 % v. 34·3 %, P<0·001 on using WHO criteria for overweight including obesity; and 10·0 % v. 6·7 %, P<0·001 on using IOTF criteria and 12·5 % v. 11·3 %, P=0·035 on using WHO criteria for obesity).ConclusionsThe present study is the first report from an Italian region showing a significant decrease in childhood obesity and overweight in the last 10 years. This reduction is probably a result of regional and local actions that have taken place in many sectors of society. However, efforts should be made to lower the prevalence of childhood obesity and overweight further.

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