scholarly journals Growth of micro and small scale enterprises and its driving factors: empirical evidence from entrepreneurs in emerging region of Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayelom Abrha Meressa
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Driving Factors ◽  
Small Scale

Evaluating the capacity of small farmers to adopt aquaponics systems: empirical evidence from Brazil

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Alexandria Brewer ◽  
Jose F. Alfaro ◽  
Tadeu Fabricio Malheiros
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Product Placement ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Farmers ◽  
Sustainable Food Systems ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

Abstract Aquaponics technology has recently been offered as a good option for sustainable food systems among small-scale farmers, particularly those seeking an organic production or dealing with land quality constraints, such as urban farmers. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence for the capacity of small farmers to adopt the technology. The unique requirements of aquaponics may create technical, economic and even cultural constraints and opportunities. This paper uses empirical evidence gathered with small-scale farmers in São Carlos, State of São Paulo, Brazil, to present the capacity of adoption for the technology, including possible limiting factors and incentives for farmers. The study conducted interviews with owners of ‘agriculturas familiares’ (Portuguese for small family owned farms) within 30 km of São Carlos. The interviews revealed that there is widespread interest in the potential profitability of aquaponics systems, significant interest in environmentally friendly practices, familiarity with organic production and hydroponics and a large base of agricultural knowledge in the community that can drive adoption. However, lack of initial financing, limited human power and concerns about product placement were significant barriers to adoption. For settlement farmers (those working on land formerly abandoned) poor soil quality and water scarcity are key issues that could be alleviated by the technology. The city of Sao Carlos present program for purchasing specific types of products from these farms could be used as a model for increasing aquaponics adoption and relieving success concerns.

Small-Scale Deliberation and Mass Democracy: A Systematic Review of the Spillover Effects of Deliberative Minipublics

2021 ◽  
pp. 003232172110072
Author(s):  
Ramon van der Does ◽  
Vincent Jacquet
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Mass Democracy

Deliberative minipublics are popular tools to address the current crisis in democracy. However, it remains ambiguous to what degree these small-scale forums matter for mass democracy. In this study, we ask the question to what extent minipublics have “spillover effects” on lay citizens—that is, long-term effects on participating citizens and effects on non-participating citizens. We answer this question by means of a systematic review of the empirical research on minipublics’ spillover effects published before 2019. We identify 60 eligible studies published between 1999 and 2018 and provide a synthesis of the empirical results. We show that the evidence for most spillover effects remains tentative because the relevant body of empirical evidence is still small. Based on the review, we discuss the implications for democratic theory and outline several trajectories for future research.

Actor-Network Theory Contract Theory

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-94
Author(s):  
Mika Viljanen
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Contract Theory ◽  
Actor Network Theory ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Governance Structures ◽  
Actor Network ◽  
Hybrid Governance ◽  
Conceptual Innovation ◽  
Complex Hybrid

AbstractFirms increasingly use complex hybrid governance structures to manage value generation networks. Empirical evidence demonstrates that the structures contain soft, “enforcement-challenged” contractual devices. Existing contract theories, however, fail to recognize and explain how these soft contract devices work as legal devices. The article seeks to address this failure.The article uses a conceptual innovation by Schepker et al to construct an actor-network theory (ANT) inspired contract theory. Schepker et al argued that contracts are best understood as often concurrently serving safeguarding, coordination, and adaptation goals. The article argues that combined with ANT the functional contracting frame allows us to recognize that contracts work and gain efficacy in multiple ways. To understand how the soft, “enforcement-challenged” contract devices work, the article traces the efficacy mechanisms the devices perform and enact.The tracings lead the article to propose an ANT contract theory that builds on three intertwined ideas: 1) contract devices have no core efficacy networks but multiple parallel efficacies, 2) contracts should be understood as bricolage collages of small-scale contractual point intervention devices that each deploy and rely on their own efficacy mechanisms and patterns, and 3) the force of contract resides in the socio-material assemblages contracts are capable of creating and sustaining.

scholarly journals On the origin of variable structures in the winds of hot luminous stars

2013 ◽  
Vol 440 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannick J. L. Michaux ◽  
Anthony F. J. Moffat ◽  
André-Nicolas Chené ◽  
Nicole St-Louis
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Ionization Zone ◽  
Corotating Interaction Regions ◽  
Wind Variability ◽  
Global Magnetic Field ◽  
Interaction Regions

Abstract Examination of the temporal variability properties of several strong optical recombination lines in a large sample of Galactic Wolf–Rayet (WR) stars reveals possible trends, especially in the more homogeneous WC than the diverse WN subtypes, of increasing wind variability with cooler subtypes. This could imply that a serious contender for the driver of the variations is stochastic, magnetic subsurface convection associated with the 170 kK partial-ionization zone of iron, which should occupy a deeper and larger zone of greater mass in cooler WR subtypes. This empirical evidence suggests that the heretofore proposed ubiquitous driver of wind variability, radiative instabilities, may not be the only mechanism playing a role in the stochastic multiple small-scaled structures seen in the winds of hot luminous stars. In addition to small-scale stochastic behaviour, subsurface convection guided by a global magnetic field with localized emerging loops may also be at the origin of the large-scale corotating interaction regions as seen frequently in O stars and occasionally in the winds of their descendant WR stars.

Challenges confronting waste pickers in Indonesia: An on-field analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2110291
Author(s):  
Gabriel Andari Kristanto ◽  
Dini Kemala ◽  
Paras AC Nandhita
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Driving Factors ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Recycling Rate ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Solid Waste Recycling ◽  
Waste Pickers

This article presents the informal recycling sector’s (IRS) social, economic driving factors in five cities in Indonesia and their contribution to waste management in the cities. An on-field analysis was conducted by random and incidental sampling method of questionnaire administration followed by observation. Among the respondents ( n = 178), 79% of individuals were waste pickers, 15% were small-scale waste collectors, and 6% were medium-scale waste collectors. The majority of the waste pickers sampled are male (79%). The amount of waste collected by individual waste pickers is 43.87 kg person−1 day−1, a corresponding recycling rate of approximately 12%, and an average monthly income of US$91.7. Gender differences are apparent as the male waste pickers generated higher incomes than those earned by their female counterparts (US$128.3 for men and US$69.7 for women) even as their average work hours are similar to that of the men (7.8 and 7.6 hours day−1, respectively). Economic motives are the respondents’ primary driving factors as moving to large cities accompanied by their family members. The study concluded that the IRS plays substantial contribution to waste management; further integrating them into the waste management system via IRS association, additional investment, formulation of law and policies and efforts by municipalities can give various benefits for involved stakeholders, the community and the environment. The results can serve as a significant reference for improving the solid waste recycling system and informal sector management in Indonesian cities and other developing countries.

scholarly journals Beyond “Industry 4.0”

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. e021009
Author(s):  
Florian Butollo ◽  
Lea Schneidemesser
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Production Technology ◽  
Trade Union ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Competitive Pressure ◽  
Manufacturing Networks ◽  
The One ◽  
Flexible Specialisation

The “Industry 4.0” paradigm is present in the strategy of governments, employers' associations and trade union federations. Revisiting Piore and Sabel's classic study on flexible specialisation, we criticise the one-sidedness and narrowness inherent in the discourse of Industry 4.0, to which we counter empirical analyses on decentralised factory networks. Contrary to the prevailing stylised account, flexibility is facilitated by “B2B” platforms that link manufacturers and customers – a model that relies more on the versatility of decentralised manufacturing networks than on sophisticated production technology. The effects on labour are ambivalent, as they involve both potential for a small-scale, skilled-labour-intensive manufacturing paradigm, and dangers arising from competitive pressure for cost reduction. In sum, our aim is to offer theoretical and empirical evidence for understanding changes in digitised manufacturing and to highlight the approach of “B2B” networks and platforms in the debate on the transformation of manufacturing and industrial work.

scholarly journals Potensi dan Prospek Industri Kecil

The Winners ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Dedi Walujadi
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Main Contributor ◽  
Economic Contribution

The manufacturing sector has retained its importance in the Indonesian Economy. Since 1990 it has surpassed the agricultural sector as the main contributor to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Article analyses strenght and weaknesses of the small-scale manufacturing industries (SSIs). By ussing the economic contribution approach and the framework proposed by Pyke, based on 2003 data provided by BPS statistics Indonesiathe study investigates the SSIs performance in relation to their economic contribution, the collective efficiency, constant innovation and economic ofscope strategy. It is conluded that Pyke’s framework was not apply since SSIs facing lack of social infrastructures and knowledge, and mostly less educated compared with the larger one. The empirical evidence also shows that in terms of value added and labor absorption, its share less than 1 % and 16 % respectively of the whole of industrialsectors. 

Experimental Study on a New Small-Scale Absorption System: Response Surface and Inverse Analyses

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-41
Author(s):  
Gaurav Singh ◽  
Ranjan Das
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Thermal Load ◽  
Driving Factors ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Absorption System ◽  
Multi Objective

Abstract In this paper, a new small-scale lithium bromide (LiBr)-water absorption system consisting water-cooled evaporator and air-cooled condenser is experimentally studied. For compactness, water-cooled heat exchangers for evaporator, absorber and generator are made helical-coiled type, whereas, based on the water availability and load requirements, condenser is air-cooled. Accurate empirical correlations for thermal load and evaporator temperature against system driving factors concerning a have been reported. Thereafter, response surface analysis of the developed performance parameters are studied with respect to LiBr concentration, temperature of generator and mass flow rate of hot water. Using experimental data, estimation of overall heat transfer coefficient (U) and its variation with system driving factors is quantified. The error margin between theoretical and actual pressure loss is limited within 5 %. Next, a multi-objective inverse analysis of the developed system is done to simultaneously retrieve the required LiBr concentration, mass flow rate of hot water, and vapor generator temperature to derive a desired cooling performance demand from the system. The obtained U values for all the components are found to be in line with the standard data. The physics related to salt concentration and generator temperature in governing U values are reported. Apart from the developed correlations, it can be established that the necessary operational parameters can be predicted by the present multi-objective inverse method to meet the necessary thermal load and temperature demands within an accuracy level of 6 % and 5 %, respectively.

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