Differences in circulating fatty acid-binding protein 4 concentration in the venous and capillary blood immediately after acute exercise

Abstract Background Circulating fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) is a marker for various diseases. It would be highly useful to have simple and less invasive techniques for the assessment of FABP4 concentrations in the clinical research setting. The purpose of the present study was to assess the concordance of circulating FABP4 concentrations in venous and capillary blood both at rest and immediately after acute exercise in healthy young males. Results Thirty-eight healthy young male adults aged from 19 to 25 years (mean age, 20.8 ± 1.2 years) were recruited. Paired blood samples were taken from the cubital vein (venous) and fingertip (capillary) blood at rest (resting state) and immediately after incremental exercise (exercising state). Blood samples were analyzed to determine the circulating FABP4 concentration using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Pearson’s correlation coefficients for circulating FABP4 concentrations between venous and capillary blood samples indicated a strong positive correlation in both the resting and exercising state (resting state: r = 0.982, exercising state: r = 0.989, both p < 0.001). The mean FABP4 concentration was similar between venous and capillary blood in the resting state (p = 0.178), whereas it was significantly higher in capillary blood than in venous blood in the exercising state (p < 0.001). Furthermore, Bland–Altman plots showed a non-significant bias (− 0.07 ± 0.61 ng/mL, p = 0.453) in the resting state, whereas a significant bias (− 0.45 ± 0.61 ng/mL, p < 0.001) was observed in the exercising state. Conclusions These results indicate that capillary blood sampling can slightly overestimate circulating FABP4 concentrations under a physiologically dynamic state. However, the association between the venous and capillary blood in terms of FABP4 concentration was very strong, suggesting that capillary blood sampling can detect changes in FABP4 concentration in both physiologically steady and dynamic states.

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Effect of Exercising in the Heat on Intestinal Fatty Acid-Binding Protein, Endotoxins, and Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein Markers in Trained Athletic Populations: A Systematic Literature Review

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism ◽

10.1123/ijsnem.2021-0040 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Alice Wallett ◽

Julien D. Périard ◽

Philo Saunders ◽

Andrew McKune

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Binding Protein ◽

Acute Exercise ◽

Binding Protein ◽

Strenuous Exercise ◽

Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein ◽

Fatty Acid Binding ◽

Acid Binding Protein ◽

Gastrointestinal Damage ◽

Lipopolysaccharide Binding

Along with digestion and absorption of nutrients, the gastrointestinal epithelium acts as a primary intestinal defense layer, preventing luminal pathogens from entering the circulation. During exercise in the heat, epithelial integrity can become compromised, allowing bacteria and bacterial endotoxins to translocate into circulation, triggering a systemic inflammatory response and exacerbating gastrointestinal damage. While this relationship seems clear in the general population in endurance/ultraendurance exercise, the aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of exercise in the heat on blood markers of gastrointestinal epithelial disturbance in well-trained individuals. Following the 2009 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviewed and Meta-Analyses guidelines, five electronic databases were searched for appropriate research, and 1,885 studies were identified. Five studies met the inclusion criteria and were subject to full methodological appraisal by two reviewers. Critical appraisal of the studies was conducted using the McMasters Critical Review Form. The studies investigated changes in markers of gastrointestinal damage (intestinal fatty acid–binding protein, endotoxin, and/or lipopolysaccharide-binding protein) following acute exercise in warm to hot conditions (≥ 30 °C) and included trained or well-trained participants with direct comparisons to a control temperate condition (≤ 22 °C). The studies found that prolonged submaximal and strenuous exercise in hot environmental conditions can acutely increase epithelial disturbance compared with exercise in cooler conditions, with disturbances not being clinically relevant. However, trained and well-trained populations appear to tolerate exercise-induced gastrointestinal disturbance in the heat. Whether this is an acquired tolerance related to regular training remains to be investigated.

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Comparison of plasma fatty acid binding protein 4 concentration in venous and capillary blood

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0226374 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (12) ◽

pp. e0226374

Author(s):

Shigeharu Numao ◽

Yoshinori Nagasawa ◽

Naomi Goromaru ◽

Shunichi Tamaki

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Binding Protein ◽

Binding Protein ◽

Capillary Blood ◽

Plasma Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Binding ◽

Acid Binding Protein

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Running at Increasing Intensities in the Heat Induces Transient Gut Perturbations

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2019-0973 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Alice M. Wallett ◽

Naroa Etxebarria ◽

Nicole A. Beard ◽

Philo U. Saunders ◽

Marijke Welvaert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Fatty Acid Binding Protein ◽

Binding Protein ◽

Gut Permeability ◽

Cool Condition ◽

Fatty Acid Binding ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Acid Binding Protein ◽

Lps Binding

Purpose: The risk of exercise-induced endotoxemia is increased in the heat and is primarily attributable to changes in gut permeability resulting in the translocation of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) into the circulation. The purpose of this study was to quantify the acute changes in gut permeability and LPS translocation during submaximal continuous and high-intensity interval exercise under heat stress. Methods: A total of 12 well-trained male runners (age 37 [7] y, maximal oxygen uptake [VO2max] 61.0 [6.8] mL·min−1·kg−1) undertook 2 treadmill runs of 2 × 15-minutes at 60% and 75% VO2max and up to 8 × 1-minutes at 95% VO2max in HOT (34°C, 68% relative humidity) and COOL (18°C, 57% relative humidity) conditions. Venous blood samples were collected at the baseline, following each running intensity, and 1 hour postexercise. Blood samples were analyzed for markers of intestinal permeability (LPS, LPS binding protein, and intestinal fatty acid–binding protein). Results: The increase in LPS binding protein following each exercise intensity in the HOT condition was 4% (5.3 μg·mL−1, 2.4–8.4; mean, 95% confidence interval, P < .001), 32% (4.6 μg·mL−1, 1.8–7.4; P = .002), and 30% (3.0 μg·mL−1, 0.03–5.9; P = .047) greater than in the COOL condition. LPS was 69% higher than baseline following running at 75% VO2max in the HOT condition (0.2 endotoxin units·mL−1, 0.1–0.4; P = .011). Intestinal fatty acid–binding protein increased 43% (2.1 ng·mL−1, 0.1–4.2; P = .04) 1 hour postexercise in HOT compared with the COOL condition. Conclusions: Small increases in LPS concentration during exercise in the heat and subsequent increases in intestinal fatty acid–binding protein and LPS binding protein indicate a capacity to tolerate acute, transient intestinal disturbance in well-trained endurance runners.

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The role of human heart-type Fatty Acid Binding Protein in the early detection of myocardial injury in Acute Coronary Syndrome

Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College ◽

10.37939/jrmc/vol24.iss1.4 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 12-17

Author(s):

Zahid Mahmood ◽

Tariq Feroze Khawaja ◽

Anjum Iqbal

Keyword(s):

Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Early Detection ◽

Fatty Acid Binding Protein ◽

Binding Protein ◽

Fatty Acid Binding ◽

Predictive Values ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Coronary Syndrome ◽

Acid Binding Protein

Objectives: To evaluate the use of H-FABP as a novel marker in early detection of cardiac damage (MI) in patients presenting with symptoms of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods: This cross-sectional study included 250 subjects; 125 patients of ACS presenting within four hours of the onset of chest pain and/dyspnea and 125 age and sex-matched healthy controls. An initial blood sample was taken from patients at presentation. Blood samples of healthy control subjects were also taken. The blood samples of both groups were centrifuged and stored at -200 C for H-FABP analysis. All the patients and control subjects were thoroughly examined and detailed history was taken. The diagnostic test was troponin-T.H-FABP concentrations of all samples were measured by ELISA-kit. The results were analyzed statistically. A p-value≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In 125 patients of ACS, H-FABP showed a sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 83.3% for acute MI diagnosis at a cut-off level of 16 ng/ml. Positive predictive values and negative predictive values were 96.8% and 48.4% respectively. The accuracy was 84.4%and the area under the ROC curve was 0.842. Conclusion: Evaluation of heart-type fatty acid-binding Protein (H-FABP) within four hours of onset ACS symptoms may be a valuable tool in the diagnosis of AMI. Keywords: Heart-type fatty acid-binding protein, Acute coronary syndrome, Myocardial infarction.

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