scholarly journals Oat bran and wheat bran impact net energy by shaping microbial communities and fermentation products in pigs fed diets with or without xylanase

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiqian Lyu ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Jinrong Wang ◽  
Zhenyu Wang ◽  
Shuai Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Oat Bran

Abstract Background Dietary fiber can be fermented in gut of pigs and the end products of fermentation were short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). The SCFA had positive effects on gut bacteria and host immune system. In addition, SCFA can provide a part of available energy for pigs. However, there were limited reports on the relationship between dietary fiber, gut bacteria, and energy metabolism. Therefore, this study investigated how dietary fiber and enzyme addition impacted energy metabolism by acting on the microbial community and SCFA. Methods Wheat bran (WB) was added to the corn-soybean meal-based diet at the levels of 12% and 27%, and oat bran (OB) at 15% and 36%. One of each diet was supplemented with or without 5000 U/kg feed of xylanase, so a total of 10 diets were allotted to 60 growing pigs (initial body weight: 27.2 ± 1.2 kg) using a randomized complete block design. The experiment was conducted in 10 consecutive periods using 6 similar open-circuit respiration chambers. Each pig was used for one 20-day period. During each period, six pigs were allowed 14 d to adapt to the diets in metabolic cages followed by 6 d (from d 15 to d 20) in respiration chambers to measure heat production (HP). Results Pigs fed 36% OB diets had greater (P <  0.05) nutrient digestibility and net energy (NE) values compared to those fed 27% WB diets. Apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) were lower (P < 0.05) in pigs fed 27% WB diets compared with those fed 12% WB diets. Enzyme addition improved (P < 0.05) the NE values (11.37 vs. 12.43 MJ/kg DM) in diets with 27% WB. Supplementation of xylanase did not affect NE values for basal diets, OB diets and 12%WB diets. Compared with diets with 36% OB, pigs fed 27% WB-based diets excreted more total SCFA, acetate and propionate (expressed as g/kg feed DM) in fecal samples of pigs (P < 0.05). Pigs in the WB diets had greater proportion of phylum Bacteroidetes while phylum Firmicutes were greater in pigs fed OB diets (P < 0.05). Pigs fed WB diets had greater (P < 0.05) abundance of Succinivibrio and Prevotella, which were associated with fiber degradation and SCFA production. Conclusion Our results indicated diets supplied by high level of OB or WB promote the growth of fiber-degrading bacteria. The differences in fiber composition between WB and OB led to differences in nutrient digestibility and bacterial communities, which were ultimately reflected in energy metabolism. Enzyme supplementation improved nutrient digestibility as well as NE values for 27% WB diets but not for other diets, which indicated that effects of enzyme were related to type and level of dietary fiber in diets.

Nutrient digestibility of extruded canola meal in ileal-cannulated growing pigs and effects of its feeding on diet nutrient digestibility and growth performance in weaned pigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C M E Heyer ◽  
L F Wang ◽  
E Beltranena ◽  
R T Zijlstra
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber

Abstract Canola meal (CM) contains less crude protein (CP) and more fiber and anti-nutritional factors (ANF) such as glucosinolates than soybean meal (SBM), and consequently has a lower nutrient digestibility. Therefore, processing strategies that may increase the feeding value of CM, warrant study. In 2 experiments, the effects of extrusion of Brassica napus CM on apparent (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA), apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE) in growing pigs and growth performance and diet digestibility in weaned pigs were assessed. Solvent-extracted CM was extruded using a single-screw extruder at 3 screw speeds, 250 (CM-250), 350 (CM-350) or 450 (CM-450) rpm. In Exp. 1, in a double 4 × 4 Latin square, 8 ileal-cannulated barrows (initial BW, 68.1 kg) were fed corn starch-based diets containing 50% CM or extruded CM. The CM sample contained 43.2% CP, 33.2% total dietary fiber, and 8.9 µmol total glucosinolates/g on dry matter (DM) basis. Extrusion increased (P &lt; 0.05) the AID of CP, reduced (P &lt; 0.05) hindgut fermentation (AHF) of CP, and decreased (P &lt; 0.05) predicted net energy (NE) value of diets. Extrusion increased diet AID and CM SID of most indispensable AA by 3.1 to 5.3%-units. In Exp. 2, 200 weaned pigs (initial BW, 8.3 kg) were fed diets containing 20% SBM, CM, or extruded CM starting 2 wk post-weaning for 3 wk. The CM sample contained 42.7% CP, 28.3% total dietary fiber, and 5.3 µmol total glucosinolates/g DM. Wheat-based diets provided 2.3 Mcal NE/kg and 5.1 g SID Lys/Mcal NE. Dietary inclusion of extruded CM replacing SBM decreased (P &lt; 0.05) diet ATTD of DM, GE and CP, and DE value. Average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), and gain:feed (G:F) of pigs did not differ between extruded CM and SBM diets and were not affected by extrusion, but increasing extruder screw speed linearly increased (P &lt; 0.05) ADG for d 1 to 7, and G:F for the entire trial. In conclusion, extrusion increased diet AID and CM SID of AA, but not DE and predicted NE values of CM. However, increasing extruder speed did not further increase SID of most AA of CM in growing pigs. Dietary inclusion of 20% CM or extruded CM did not affect growth performance in weaned pigs.

Net energy of oat bran, wheat bran, and palm kernel expellers fed to growing pigs using indirect calorimetry

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiqian Lyu ◽  
Bingbing Huang ◽  
Zhongchao Li ◽  
Zhenyu Wang ◽  
Yifan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Oat Bran

Effects of two dietary fiber levels on nutrient digestibility and intestinal fermentation products in captive brown howler monkeys ( Alouatta guariba )

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Carneiro ◽  
Tatiane B. Moreno ◽  
Barbara D. Fernandes ◽  
Camilla M. M. Souza ◽  
Tais S. Bastos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Howler Monkeys ◽  
Fermentation Products

scholarly journals Effect of dietary crude protein and energy content on nitrogen utilisation, water intake and urinary output in growing pigs

1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarmo Valaja ◽  
Hilkka Siljander-Rasi
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Urinary Output ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein

A digestibility and balance trial was carried out with four intact castrated male pigs (live weight 33-82 kg) to study the effects of dietary crude protein and energy content on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen metabolism, water intake and urinary output. In a 4 x 4 Latin square design, four barley-oats-soya bean meal based diets were arranged 2x2 factorially. The corresponding factors were dietary crude protein (CP) content: high (180 g/kg CP) or low protein diet (140 g/kg CP) supplemented with free lysine, methionine and threonine; and dietary net energy content; high (1.05 feed units (FU)/kg) (feed unit=9.3 MJ net energy) or low net energy content (0.95 FU/kg). Lowering dietary CP content (mean values of 189 to 152 g/kg dry matter, respectively) by supplementation of free amino acids decreased urinary nitrogen (N) excretion by 6.9 g/day (32%) (P

Greenhouse gases and performance of growing pigs fed wheat-based diets containing wheat millrun and a multi-carbohydrase enzyme

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agbee L Kpogo ◽  
Jismol Jose ◽  
Josiane C Panisson ◽  
Atta K Agyekum ◽  
Bernardo Z Predicala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The objective of this project was to determine the impact of feeding growing pigs with high wheat millrun diets supplemented with a multi-carbohydrase enzyme (amylase, cellulase, glucanase, xylanase, and invertase activities) on nutrient digestibility, growth performance, and greenhouse gas (GHG) output (carbon dioxide, CO2; nitrous oxide, N2O; methane, CH4). Three experiments were conducted utilizing six treatments arranged as a 3 × 2 factorial (0%, 15%, or 30% wheat millrun; with or without enzyme) for the digestibility experiment or as a 2 × 2 factorial (0% or 30% wheat millrun; with or without enzyme) for the performance and GHG experiments. The digestibility, performance, and GHG experiments utilized 48 individually housed pigs, 180 pigs housed 5 per pen, or 96 pigs housed 6 per chamber, respectively. Increasing wheat millrun up to 30% in the diet of growing pigs resulted in decreased energy, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) apparent total tract digestibility and net energy content (P &lt; 0.01). Overall, average daily gain (ADG) and gain to feed ratio were reduced in pigs fed wheat millrun (P &lt; 0.05). Enzyme supplementation had minimal effects on the digestibility or performance parameters measured. Feeding diets with 30% millrun did not affect GHG output (CH4: 4.7 and 4.9; N2O: 0.45 and 0.42; CO2: 1,610 and 1,711 mg/s without or with millrun inclusion, respectively; P &gt; 0.78). Enzyme supplementation had no effect on GHG emissions (CH4: 4.5 and 5.1; N2O: 0.46 and 0.42; CO2: 1,808 and 1,513 mg/s without or with enzymes, respectively; P &gt; 0.51). Overall, the carbohydrase enzyme had minimal effects on parameters measured, regardless of wheat millrun inclusion (P &gt; 0.10). Although energy, N and P digestibility, and ADG were reduced, the inclusion of up to 30% wheat millrun in the diet has no effect on GHG emissions from growing pigs (P &gt; 0.10).

scholarly journals Overall assessment of fermented feed for pigs: a series of meta-analyses

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (12) ◽  
pp. 4810-4821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bocheng Xu ◽  
Luoyi Zhu ◽  
Jie Fu ◽  
Zhi Li ◽  
Yizhen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Fermented Feed

Abstract As an alternative to antimicrobial growth promoters, fermented feed (FF) has been continuously developed for two decades; however, its effects on feed, performance, digestibility, and meat quality of pigs have yet to be systematically and comprehensively evaluated. This study aimed to (i) quantitatively evaluate the effects of fermentation on nutritional components of feed stuffs; (ii) quantitatively evaluate the effects of FF on pig growth performance, digestibility, and meat quality; and (iii) explore the dose–effect relationship. From PubMed and Web of Science (searched range from January 1, 2000 to April 4, 2019), we collected 3,271 articles, of which 30 articles (3,562 pigs) were included in our meta-analysis. Our analysis revealed that fermentation significantly increased the CP content in feed (P &lt; 0.05). For weaned piglets and growing pigs, FF significantly improved ADG, G:F, DM digestibility, N digestibility, and energy digestibility (P &lt; 0.05). However, compared with the basal diet, FF had no significant effects on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in finishing pigs (P &gt; 0.05). In the subgroup analyses, fermented ingredients increased the growth performance of weaned piglets and growing pigs, and fermented additives promoted the growth of pigs at all stages. The dose–effect analysis confirmed that the optimal doses of fermented ingredients and additives were 8% and 0.15%, respectively. Furthermore, FF had beneficial impacts on meat quality through increased lightness, redness, marbling and flavor and reduced drip loss (P &lt; 0.05). In conclusions, FF improved growth performance and meat quality primarily due to its positive effects on nutritive value and utilization.

scholarly journals Dietary Fiber Powder Made from Purple Wheat “Jizi439” Bran: An Effective Health Food and Its Processing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaning Meng ◽  
Suque Lan ◽  
Yelun Zhang ◽  
Xingpu Li ◽  
Zhenhua Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Nutritional Elements ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Health Function ◽  
Active Substances

Abstract Background: Different processing approaches could usually alter contents of different nutritional ingredients for wheat grains which benefits human health. The present study is aimed to assess the dietary fiber and other nutritional ingredients of purple wheat (Jizi439) bran via proper processing and to analyze its benefits to prevent diseases and enhance health so as to prove the dietary fiber powder made from purple wheat （Jizi439）to be an effective health food. Methods: Approach I Pulverizing: Purple wheat bran was put into blade pulverizer to get the pulverized bran into particles with a 60-meshdiameter. Puffing: The pulverized bran was sprayed with pure water to moisten the bran, making its moisture reach 22%. The moistened bran was put into twin-screw bulking machine under a temperature of 135 ℃ , and puffed at 400 r/min, to get puffed pellets. Milling: The puffed bran pellets were put into wall mill under 32℃ and 6 – 7 MPa and at 350 r/min to get dietary fiber powder (DFP) in particles with a 130-mesh diameter. Approach II: Except for the processing parameters, the procedure of Approach II was the same as Approach I. Results: The significant increase of nutritional elements contents in dietary fiber powder have been found when it is processed via different approaches. Different processing treatment and processing parameters bring forth different effects on the nutritional elements which are released from purple wheat bran. It is indicated that the contents of SDF produced via Approach I is greatly higher than that of the SDF produced via Approach II ( p ≤0.01), which suggests that Approach I is much effective for processing purple wheat bran for producing solvable dietary fiber Conclusions: Purple wheat bran is a high-effective health food, but only it is properly processed. Different processing has different impacts on the active substances of the purple wheat bran powder related to health function. In this study, only Approach I helps to increase the health nutritional ingredients which bring forth positive effects on the enhancement of health function, while Approach II fail to improve the function on health enhancement. Keywords: Dietary fiber powder, Purple wheat bran; Health food; Disease prevention

Effects of nucleotide supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and immune blood profiles related to foot-and-mouth disease in vaccinated growing pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-331
Author(s):  
Yang Jiao ◽  
In Ho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Blood Profiles

A 6 wk trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of nucleotide supplementation in improving performance, nutrient digestibility, and immune blood profiles so as to reduce foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccine stress in growing pigs. A total of 120 growing pigs [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] with an average body weight (BW) of 25.76 ± 1.83 kg were used. Pigs were allocated to one of three treatments (eight pens per treatment; three barrows and two gilts per pen) based on BW and sex. Pigs were injected with FMD vaccine at 84 d of age (2 wk after experiment started). Dietary treatments consisted of (1) CON: corn–soybean-meal-based diet, (2) NUC1: CON + 0.5% nucleotide, and (3) NUC2: CON + 1.0% nucleotide. In the current study, the growth performance of gain:feed ratio (G:F), the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen was linearly (P < 0.05) increased with the increasing level of nucleotide. After injection, the concentration of cortisol and epinephrine was decreased (P < 0.05) linearly in nucleotide treatments. In conclusion, nucleotide supplementation to FMD vaccinated pigs showed positive effects on improving performance, immune system health, and reducing vaccine stress in growing pigs.

scholarly journals The effects of dietary fiber level on nutrient digestibility in growing pigs

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjuan Zhang ◽  
Defa Li ◽  
Ling Liu ◽  
Jianjun Zang ◽  
Qiwu Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs

EFFECT OF DIETARY OAT HULLS OR WHEAT BRAN ON MINERAL UTILIZATION IN GROWING PIGS FED DIETS WITH OR WITHOUT SALINOMYCIN

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT J. MOORE ◽  
E. T. KORNEGAY ◽  
M. D. LINDEMANN
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Mineral Absorption ◽  
Oat Hulls ◽  
Mineral Balance ◽  
P Balance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fractional Absorption

Four balance trials were conducted to determine the effect of dietary fiber (oat hulls or wheat bran) and salinomycin on mineral absorption and balance in growing pigs. The experimental diets were a corn-soybean meal control diet (C), a diet containing 10% oat hulls (OH), a diet containing 20% wheat bran (WB), each with or without salinomycin (SM; 82 mg kg−1). The inclusion of OH decreased Ca (P < 0.06) and Zn (P < 0.01) balance, largely as a consequence of decreased fractional absorption (absorbed as a percentage of intake), and decreased (P < 0.10) P balance and efficiency of P retention (P < 0.04). OH did not influence Mg balance. WB did not affect Ca, Zn or P balance, but increased (P < 0.02) Mg balance, primarily due to an increase in Mg intake. Both OH and WB depressed absolute and fractional Na absorption (P < 0.01), with only nonsignificant reductions in Na balance. OH depressed K absorption (P < 0.01), but apparent K absorption was slightly increased (P < 0.08) by WB due to a greater K intake. Neither fiber source affected K balance. Pigs fed the OH and WB diets were in positive Mn balance, in contrast to the negative Mn balance in pigs fed the C diets. OH and WB increased (P < 0.01) Cu intake, and despite a decrease in fractional Cu absorption in pigs fed the OH (P < 0.03), balance was not affected. WB increased (P < 0.01) Cu balance. The apparent and fractional absorption of P was improved by SM (P < 0.05) only in pigs fed the WB diets. SM decreased apparent and fractional Cu absorption and Cu balance in the OH trials (P < 0.05) and WB trials (P < 0.01) for pigs fed the C diets only. SM did not influence Ca, Mg, Na, K, Zn or Mn absorption and balance. The results indicate that OH, and to a lesser extent WB, decreases mineral balance in pigs. The greater effects of OH suggest that differences in the chemical and physical properties, and susceptibility to degradation, may be as important as level in the diet in determining the impact of dietary fiber on mineral balance. Key words: Swine, dietary fiber, salinomycin, mineral balance

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