scholarly journals An overview of behavioral, physiological, and environmental sensors used in animal biotelemetry and biologging studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malachi Whitford ◽  
A. Peter Klimley
Keyword(s):  
Sound Production ◽  
Magnetic Field Intensity ◽  
Environmental Sensors ◽  
Swimming Depth ◽  
Data Loggers ◽  
Direction Of Movement ◽  
Physiological Sensors ◽  
The Many ◽  
New Sensors ◽  
Electronic Tags

Abstract Background The ability to remotely monitor the behavior of animals and their interactions with their environment has revolutionized how ecologists conduct studies. The creative use and placement of sensors on both biologging and biotelemetric platforms can greatly expand the amount of information that can be garnered from ecological studies. Results Sophisticated transmitters and data loggers, which once were built by the biologists that used them, are available off the shelf from many commercial manufacturers. The ability to purchase a wide variety of electronic tags has allowed for a wider adoption of electronic tags across ecology, but has resulted in many biologists utilizing them with little understanding of how they function. The purpose of this review is to provide a reader-friendly description of the many sensors available to monitor the behavior, physiology, and environment of both terrestrial and aquatic animals. Our approach here is firstly to describe the electrical and mechanical principles behind each type of sensor and secondly to present one or two classic examples of how they have been used to provide insights into the biology of species from a diversity of taxa. Behavioral sensors that record the speed, acceleration, tilt angle, and direction of movement of an animal as well as its swimming depth or flight altitude will be described. Additional sensors are mentioned that detect feeding and spawning behavior as well as the proximity to conspecifics, prey, and predators. Physiological sensors will be described that monitor muscular, sensory, brain, gastric activity as well as body temperature, and sound production. Environmental sensors will be described that measure irradiance, dissolved oxygen, and magnetic field intensity. It is our hope that this review serves as springboard for biologists to develop innovative ways to learn more about their subjects using the myriad sensors that are available today, and the exciting new sensors to be developed in the future.

scholarly journals A new noise detected in the ocean

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 1255-1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel Guerra ◽  
Xavier Martinell ◽  
Angel F. González ◽  
Michael Vecchione ◽  
Joaquin Gracia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Noise ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Defensive Strategy ◽  
Reflection And Refraction ◽  
Turbulent Pressure ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
The Many ◽  
Many Sources

Many observers have noted that the sea is full of loud sounds, both ongoing and episodic. Among the many sources of natural ambient noise are wave action, physical processes such as undersea earthquakes, and biological activities of shrimps, fish, dolphins and whales. Despite interest by acoustics experts, sound production by cephalopods has been reported only twice, both involving squid. The ‘faint poppings’ produced were thought to result from fluttering of the thin external lips of the squid's funnel while water is being expelled through it. Otherwise, no information is available on cephalopod sounds. Here we present a noise produced by a stressed common octopus. The event was filmed and recorded in the wild. The hypothesis we offer to explain how this sound was produced is cavitation, which has been documented in several biological systems. In our case, the water expelled through the funnel may have created a jet with a velocity so high that the turbulent pressure dropped locally below the vapour pressure of the water. Seawater contains gas microbubbles, which will grow in size when they are entrained in the region of low pressure. Subsequently, the bubbles collapse violently when pressure rises again. The sound produced by the octopus is like a gunshot, and distinct lights observed at the same time contradict the existence of a simple pressure wave and point to the possible presence of gas-bubbles, which would change the light intensity by reflection and refraction of the sunlight. This behaviour seems to be a defensive strategy to escape from vibration-sensitive predators.

Sonic Sovereignty: Performing Hopi Authority in Öngtupqa

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 508-530
Author(s):  
TREVOR G. REED
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Grand Canyon ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Musical Composition ◽  
Aesthetic Form ◽  
Indigenous Territories ◽  
Traditional Songs ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Many

AbstractIn this article, I explore the ways territorial authority or sovereignty emerges from within a particular mode of Indigenous creativity—the creation and performance of Hopi taatawi (traditional songs)—despite the appropriation of Hopi traditional lands by the American settler-state. Hopi territories within Öngtupqa (Grand Canyon) are just a sample of the many places where Indigenous authority, as expressed through sound-based performances, continues to resonate despite the imposition of settler-colonial structures that have either silenced Indigenous performances of authority or severed these places from Indigenous territories. Drawing on the work of Hopi composers and intellectuals, I explore how Hopi musical composition and performance are deeply intertwined with Hopi political philosophy and governance, resulting in a form of sovereignty that is inherently sonic rather than strictly literary or textual in nature. Recognizing that this interconnection between territorial authority and sound production is common across many Indigenous communities, I propose listening to contemporary Indigenous creativity not just as an aesthetic form but as a source of sonic sovereignty.

scholarly journals On the Comparative Anatomy and Function of the Nasal Tract in Odontocetes (Mammalia, Cetacea)

1973 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.J. Schenkkan
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Comparative Anatomy ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
The Many ◽  
And Function

In the study of phonation in odontocete cetaceans and particularly that of echolocation by means of sonar, a great number of conflicting hypotheses have been advanced regarding the correlation of sound production with the many anatomical features that are to be found in the upper respiratory tract.

scholarly journals Open-source Arduino-compatible data loggers designed for field research

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 2065-2076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Wickert ◽  
Chad T. Sandell ◽  
Bobby Schulz ◽  
Gene-Hua Crystal Ng
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Environmental Sensors ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Alkaline Batteries ◽  
Data Loggers ◽  
Open Source Data ◽  
Source Data ◽  
The Usa

Abstract. Automated electronic data loggers revolutionized environmental monitoring by enabling reliable high-frequency measurements. However, the potential to monitor the complex environmental interactions involved in global change has not been fully realized due to the high cost and lack of modularity of commercially available data loggers. Responding to this need, we developed the ALog (Arduino logger) series of three open-source data loggers, based on the popular and easy-to-program Arduino microcontroller platform. ALog data loggers are low cost, lightweight, and low power; they function between −30 and +60 ∘C, can be powered by readily available alkaline batteries, and can store up to 32 GB of data locally. They are compatible with standard environmental sensors, and the ALog firmware library may be expanded to add additional sensor support. The ALog has measured parameters linked to weather, streamflow, and glacier melt during deployments of days to years at field sites in the USA, Canada, Argentina, and Ecuador. The result of this work is a robust and field-tested open-source data logger that is the direct descendant of dozens of individuals' contributions to the growing open-source electronics movement.

Remote monitoring of crocodilians: implantation, attachment and release methods for transmitters and data-loggers

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig E. Franklin ◽  
Mark A. Read ◽  
Peter G. Kraft ◽  
Niko Liebsch ◽  
Steve R. Irwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Crocodylus Johnstoni ◽  
Data Loggers ◽  
Archival Tags ◽  
Crocodylus Porosus ◽  
Electronic Tags ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Australian Freshwater ◽  
Term Management

Crocodilians are by their very nature difficult animals to study. However, research on wild animals is essential for the development of reliable long-term management. Here, we describe methods for the acquisition and monitoring of behavioural and physiological variables from free-ranging crocodilians through the use of archival tags (data-loggers) and via satellite, radio and acoustic telemetry. Specifically, the attachment or implantation of electronic tags is described and examples provided of the type of data that can be collected. Our research group has used a combination of approaches to monitor the movements, diving activity, body temperatures and heart rates of crocodilians, including studies on the Australian freshwater crocodile (Crocodylus johnstoni), the estuarine crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) and the caiman (Caiman latirostris). Each approach or method presents unique challenges and problems, chiefly as a consequence of differences in body morphology and size of the crocodilian species, their behaviours and the habitats they occupy.

scholarly journals IoT-Based Skin Monitoring System

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 4258-4264
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Environmental Sensors ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Common Skin ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact

The numbers of patients with skin diseases reported a dramatic increase which is a major concern and must be dealt with. The method of diagnosis is always based on physician’s observations and experiences. Many common symptoms such as side effects, allergies and even risks of skin cancer can be seen in someone following misdiagnosis, delayed diagnosis and failure to diagnose. The evaluation of skin changes is crucial to the correct diagnosis during follow-up. Through technological advances and partnerships, skin disorders can be identified and predicted and medical diagnosis outside physical limits are made. The article proposed an IoT-based skin surveillance system that facilitates the monitoring of skin patients in remote locations. In a diagnostic device for real-time skin monitoring and analysis, the proposed system architecture can be applied. A sensor fitted medical carriage is proposed in a remote location to treat individuals suffering from a common skin disorder. The system is also designed to research the impact of climate change on the disease through environmental sensors and provide pre-alertfor prevention. This addresses the many problems that people in remote areas without restricted treatment facilities face.

scholarly journals Digital Health Technology to Measure Drug Efficacy in Clinical Trials for Parkinson’s Disease: A Regulatory Perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Leonard Sacks ◽  
Elizabeth Kunkoski
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Environmental Sensors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Many

Digital health technology (DHT), including wearable and environmental sensors, video cameras and other electronic tools, has provided new opportunities for the measurement of movement and functionality in Parkinson’s disease. Compared to current standards for evaluation of the disease (MDS-UPDRS), DHT may offer new possibilities for more frequent objective measurements of the duration, severity and frequency of disease manifestations over time, that may provide more information than periodic clinic visits. However, DHT measurement are only scientifically and medically useful if they are accurate, reliable and clinically meaningful. Verification and validation, also known as analytical validation and clinical validation, of DHT performance is important to ensure the accuracy and precision of measurements, and the specificity of findings. Given the wide range of clinical manifestations associated with Parkinson’s disease and the many tools and metrics to assess them, the challenge is to identify those that may represent a standard for use in clinical trials, and to confirm when digital measurements succeed or fall short of capturing meaningful benefits during drug development.

scholarly journals Open-source Arduino-derived data loggers designed for field research

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Wickert ◽  
Chad T. Sandell ◽  
Bobby Schulz ◽  
G.-H. Crystal Ng
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Environmental Sensors ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Scientific Instrumentation ◽  
Data Loggers ◽  
Environmental Interactions ◽  
Open Source Data ◽  
Derived Data

Abstract. Automated electronic data loggers revolutionized environmental monitoring by enabling reliable high-frequency measurements. However, the potential to monitor the complex environmental interactions involved in global change has not been fully realized due to the high cost and lack of modularity of commercially available data loggers. Responding to this need, we developed the ALog series of open-source data loggers, based on the popular and easy-to-program Arduino microcontroller platform. ALog data loggers are low cost, lightweight, and low power; they function between −30 °C and +60 °C, can be powered by readily available consumer-grade batteries and solar panels, and can store up to 32 GB of data locally. They are compatible with standard environmental sensors, and the ALog firmware library may be expanded to add additional sensor support. The end-product is a set of robust and field-tested scientific instrumentation that is the direct descendant of dozens of individuals' contributions to the growing open-source electronics movement.

Identifying suboptimalities with factorial model comparison

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Ji Ma
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Factorial Experimental Design ◽  
Factorial Model ◽  
Multiple Components ◽  
The Many

AbstractGiven the many types of suboptimality in perception, I ask how one should test for multiple forms of suboptimality at the same time – or, more generally, how one should compare process models that can differ in any or all of the multiple components. In analogy to factorial experimental design, I advocate for factorial model comparison.

Representing utility and deploying the body

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Spurrett
Keyword(s):  
Functional Activity ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
The Body ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Processing Demands ◽  
The Many

Abstract Comprehensive accounts of resource-rational attempts to maximise utility shouldn't ignore the demands of constructing utility representations. This can be onerous when, as in humans, there are many rewarding modalities. Another thing best not ignored is the processing demands of making functional activity out of the many degrees of freedom of a body. The target article is almost silent on both.

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