scholarly journals Anxiety, stress, and binge eating tendencies in adolescence: a prospective approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele C. Lim ◽  
Sam Parsons ◽  
Alessia Goglio ◽  
Elaine Fox
Keyword(s):  
Binge Eating ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cognitive Restraint ◽  
Random Intercept ◽  
Interaction Term ◽  
Uncontrolled Eating ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Recent years have witnessed an increasing prevalence of binge eating tendencies in adolescence—warranting a clearer understanding of their underlying predisposing and precipitating factors. The current study investigated whether the interaction between high levels of anxiety and stress predicted increased levels of binge eating tendencies in a prospective cohort of adolescents (N = 324). Methods Measurements were taken over three waves (M ages: 13.33, 14.48, 15.65) as part of the CogBIAS Longitudinal Study. Longitudinal associations between levels of anxiety and stress with binge eating tendencies were estimated using a random intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM), which calculates within-person fluctuations over time while accounting for individual trait-like stability and between-person variations. Binge eating tendencies were measured by the Cognitive Restraint, Uncontrolled Eating, and Emotional Eating styles from the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18. Two models were created for each binge eating tendencies variable: (1) a basic model with anxiety and stress as independent variables; (2) an interaction model with an additional anxiety*stress interaction term. Model fit was assessed by SEM fit indices: X2, CFI, NFI, TLI, RMSEA, SRMR. Superior model fit was ascertained by a chi-square difference test (p < .05). Results For Cognitive Restraint, the interaction model demonstrated superior fit to the data (p < .05). The anxiety*stress interaction at Waves 1 and 2 was significantly negatively associated with Cognitive Restraint at Waves 2 (β = −0.18, p = .002) and 3 (β = −0.14, p = .002)—suggesting that anxiety and stress interacted to predict increased binge eating tendencies linked with cognitive restraint over and above their independent effects. In contrast, the interaction term between anxiety*stress did not predict levels of Uncontrolled Eating or Emotional Eating over time. Conclusions The results highlight the importance of increasing awareness of the interaction between concurrently high anxiety and stress as a potential risk factor for binge eating tendencies in young people. Trial registration Not applicable.

scholarly journals ADIPOQ gene is linked to emotional eating behaviour in young Nigerian adults independent of psychological traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Awoyemi Abayomi Awofala ◽  
Olusegun Emmanuel Ogundele ◽  
Khalid Olajide Adekoya
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Genetic Variant ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Psychological Traits ◽  
Adipoq Gene ◽  
Cognitive Restraint ◽  
Beta Coefficient ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Uncontrolled Eating

Abstract Background A disturbance in eating behaviour (EB) is the hallmark of patients with eating disorders, and depicts a complex interaction of environmental, psychological and biological factors. In the present study, we propose a model of association of genetic susceptibility—represented by adiponectin (ADIPOQ) gene—with eating behavioural and psychological traits. Results Evaluation of the distribution of a polymorphism of the ADIPOQ (rs1501299 G > T) with respect to three EB factors involving cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating and emotional eating revealed that T-allele in rs1501299 was associated with a decreased susceptibility to emotional EB in codominant (e.g., GG vs. TT) (beta-coefficient [β] = 2.39, 95% Confidence interval [CI] = − 4.02, − 0.76; p value [p] = 0.02), recessive (GG + GT vs. TT) (β = − 2.77, 95% CI = − 3.65, − 0.69; p = 0.005) and additive (GG = 0, GT = 1, TT = 2) (β = − 1.02, 95% CI = − 1.80, − 0.24; p = 0.01) models of inheritance. The presence of the T-allele was not significantly associated with psychological factors involving depression, anxiety and stress. Finally, none of the psychological traits significantly predicted any of the EB factors after controlling for age, body weight and gender. Conclusions Our data suggest that genetic variant in ADIPOQ locus may influence human emotional eating behaviour.

scholarly journals Eating behaviors and weight loss outcomes in a 12-month randomized trial of diet and/or exercise intervention in postmenopausal women

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin Mason ◽  
Jean de Dieu Tapsoba ◽  
Catherine Duggan ◽  
Ching-Yun Wang ◽  
Catherine M. Alfano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Restrained Eating ◽  
Dietary Weight Loss ◽  
Uncontrolled Eating

Abstract Background Certain eating behaviors are common among women with obesity. Whether these behaviors influence outcomes in weight loss programs, and whether such programs affect eating behaviors, is unclear. Methods Our aim was to examine the effect of baseline eating behaviors on intervention adherence and weight among postmenopausal women with overweight or obesity, and to assess intervention effects on eating behaviors. Four hundred and 39 women (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) were randomized to 12 months of: i) dietary weight loss with a 10% weight loss goal (‘diet’; n = 118); ii) moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise for 225 mins/week (‘exercise’; n = 117); iii) combined dietary weight loss and exercise (‘diet + exercise’; n = 117); or iv) no-lifestyle change control (n = 87). At baseline and 12 months, restrained eating, uncontrolled eating, emotional eating and binge eating were measured by questionnaire; weight and body composition were assessed. The mean change in eating behavior scores and weight between baseline and 12 months in the diet, exercise, and diet + exercise arms were each compared to controls using the generalized estimating equation (GEE) modification of linear regression adjusted for age, baseline BMI, and race/ethnicity. Results Baseline restrained eating was positively associated with change in total calories and calories from fat during the dietary intervention but not with other measures of adherence. Higher baseline restrained eating was associated with greater 12-month reductions in weight, waist circumference, body fat and lean mass. Women randomized to dietary intervention had significant reductions in binge eating (− 23.7%, p = 0.005 vs. control), uncontrolled eating (− 24.3%, p < 0.001 vs. control), and emotional eating (− 31.7%, p < 0.001 vs. control) scores, and a significant increase in restrained eating (+ 60.6%, p < 0.001 vs. control); women randomized to diet + exercise reported less uncontrolled eating (− 26.0%, p < 0.001 vs. control) and emotional eating (− 22.0%, p = 0.004 vs. control), and increased restrained eating (+ 41.4%, p < 0.001 vs. control). Women randomized to exercise alone had no significant change in eating behavior scores compared to controls. Conclusions A dietary weight loss intervention helped women modify eating behaviors. Future research should investigate optimal behavioral weight loss interventions for women with both disordered eating and obesity. Trial registration NCT00470119 (https://clinicaltrials.gov). Retrospectively registered May 7, 2007.

scholarly journals Eating Behaviours and Food Cravings; Influence of Age, Sex, BMI and FTO Genotype

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanan Abdella ◽  
Hameida El Farssi ◽  
David Broom ◽  
Dawn Hadden ◽  
Caroline Dalton
Keyword(s):  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Food Craving ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Food Cravings ◽  
Linked Gene ◽  
Cognitive Restraint ◽  
Fatty Food ◽  
Uncontrolled Eating

Previous studies indicate that eating behaviours and food cravings are associated with increased BMI and obesity. However, the interaction between these behaviours and other variables such as age, sex, BMI and genetics is complex. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between eating behaviours and food cravings, and to examine the influence of age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) genotype on these relationships. A total of 475 participants (252 female, 223 male, BMI: 25.82 ± 6.14 kg/m2, age: 30.65 ± 14.20 years) completed the revised 18-question version of the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R18) to assess cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating and emotional eating, and the Food Cravings Inventory (FCI) to assess cravings for fatty food, sweet food, carbohydrates and fast food. DNA samples were genotyped for the rs9939609 polymorphism in the obesity-linked gene FTO. Questionnaire data was analysed for associations between the TFEQ-R18 and FCI subscales for the whole study group, and the group divided by sex, genotype and age (≤25 years versus >25 years). Finally, mediation analysis was used to explore the relationships between BMI, cognitive restraint and food cravings. FTO AA + AT genotype was associated with increased BMI, but not with differences in eating behavior scores or food craving scores; age was associated with increased BMI and decreases in food craving scores in which this effect was stronger in women compared to men. Increased cognitive restraint was associated with decreased food craving scores in the ≤25 years group. Mediation analysis demonstrated that in this group the association between BMI and reduced food cravings was mediated by cognitive restraint indicating that in this age group individuals use cognitive restraint to control their food cravings. The positive correlation between age and BMI confirms previous results but the findings of this study show that age, sex, FTO genotype and BMI have an influence on the relationships between eating behaviours and food cravings and that these variables interact.

scholarly journals Eating Behavior, Physical Activity and Exercise Training: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Young Healthy Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3685
Author(s):  
Wendy D. Martinez-Avila ◽  
Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado ◽  
Francisco M. Acosta ◽  
Lucas Jurado-Fasoli ◽  
Pauline Oustric ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Vigorous Intensity ◽  
Uncontrolled Eating

Regular physical activity (PA) is an important part of the treatment of several medical conditions, including overweight and obesity, in which there may be a weakened appetite control. Eating behaviour traits influence weight control and may be different in active and sedentary subjects. This paper reports the relationships between the time spent in sedentary behaviour and physical activity (PA) of different intensity, and eating behaviour traits in young, healthy adults. Additionally, it reports the results of a six-month-long, randomized, controlled trial to examine the effect of an exercise intervention on eating behaviour traits. A total of 139 young (22.06 ± 2.26 years) healthy adults (68.35% women) with a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 24.95 ± 4.57 kg/m2 were enrolled. Baseline assessments of habitual PA were made using wrist-worn triaxial accelerometers; eating behaviour traits were examined via the self-reported questionnaires: Binge Eating, Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18 and Control of Eating Questionnaire. The subjects were then randomly assigned to one of three groups: control (usual lifestyle), moderate-intensity exercise (aerobic and resistance training 3¨C4 days/week at a heart rate equivalent to 60% of the heart rate reserve (HRres) for the aerobic component, and at 50% of the 1 repetition maximum (RM) for the resistance component), or vigorous-intensity exercise (the same training but at 80% HRres for half of the aerobic training, and 70% RM for the resistance training). At baseline, sedentary behaviour was inversely associated with binge eating (r = −0.181, p < 0.05) and with uncontrolled eating (r = −0.286, p = 0.001). Moderate PA (MPA) was inversely associated with craving control (r = −0.188, p < 0.05). Moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) was directly associated with binge eating (r = 0.302, p < 0.001) and uncontrolled eating (r = 0.346, p < 0.001), and inversely associated with craving control (r = −0.170, p < 0.015). Overall, PA was directly associated with binge eating (r = 0.275, p = 0.001), uncontrolled eating (r = 0.321, p < 0.001) and emotional eating (r = 0.204, p < 0.05). Additionally, only emotional eating was modified by the intervention, increasing in the vigorous-intensity exercise group (p < 0.05). In summary, we observed that time spent in sedentary behaviour/PA of different intensity is associated with eating behaviour traits, especially binge eating in young adults. In contrast, the six-month exercise intervention did not lead to appreciable changes in eating behaviour traits.

scholarly journals Obesity susceptibility loci and uncontrolled eating, emotional eating and cognitive restraint behaviors in men and women

Obesity ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. E135-E141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn C. Cornelis ◽  
Eric B. Rimm ◽  
Gary C. Curhan ◽  
Peter Kraft ◽  
David J. Hunter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Susceptibility Loci ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Cognitive Restraint ◽  
Obesity Susceptibility ◽  
Uncontrolled Eating

scholarly journals Changes over time in the relationship between weight, body fat, motivation, impulsivity and eating behaviour

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Foscarini-Craggs ◽  
Rob Lowe ◽  
Michelle Lee
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Physical Appearance ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Eating Styles ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
Appearance Comparison ◽  
Uncontrolled Eating ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background University students are at a greater risk of gaining weight compared to others. We explored associations between changes in weight and a set of dispositional constructs related to eating behaviour: motivation, impulsivity, social comparison, and eating styles. We predicted that increases in controlled motivation, impulsivity, uncontrolled eating, emotional eating, and physical appearance comparison would be related to increased weight and body fat. Methods First year students at a British university completed baseline (n = 196) and three-month (n = 163) measures of impulsivity, physical appearance comparison, motivation for following a healthy diet, eating styles, weight and body fat. Baseline-follow-up changes in these constructs were computed and subjected to cluster analysis. Results Four participant groups were identified according to similarities in the way these constructs evolved over time. The Losing and Gaining groups tended to show opposing changes in key variables (physical appearance comparison, uncontrolled eating, motivation, weight, and percentage of body fat). Interestingly, two groups showed no change in weight and body fat but evidenced unique changes in key variables, indicating that individuals can have different psychological profiles but still maintain their weight. Conclusions The study highlighted how stable weight maintenance arises from sets of interdependent constructs rather than variables in isolation, as well as emphasizing a need to take a person-centred approach to examining those at risk of weight gain and in developing interventions.

scholarly journals Association between Cognitive Restraint, Uncontrolled Eating, Emotional Eating and BMI and the Amount of Food Wasted in Early Adolescent Girls

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinan Banna ◽  
Chloe Panizza ◽  
Carol Boushey ◽  
Edward Delp ◽  
Eunjung Lim
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Early Adolescent ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Cognitive Restraint ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Uncontrolled Eating ◽  
Three Factor

Understanding of behavioral factors associated with obesity is of importance in addressing this issue. This study examined the association between cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating, emotional eating and body mass index (BMI) and amount of food plated, consumed, leftovers, and leftover food thrown into the trash (food wasted) in early adolescent girls nine to 13 years in O’ahu, Hawai’i (n = 93). Food plated, consumed, leftovers, and food wasted were estimated using a three-day mobile food record™ (mFR). Weight and height were measured to compute BMI (kg/m2). The three-factor eating questionnaire provided a score from 0 to 100 for cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating, and emotional eating. Higher scores are indicative of greater cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating, and emotional eating. Pearson’s correlations were computed to examine the relationship between three factor eating scores and BMI. General linear models were conducted to examine the effect of each of three-factor eating scores on food plated, consumed, leftovers, and food wasted. Cognitive restraint was positively correlated with BMI (r = 0.36, p < 0.001) and with BMI z-score (r = 0.40, p < 0.001). There were no associations between three-factor eating scores and food plated, consumed, leftovers, and food wasted at lunch. However, at dinner, total energy plated, left over, and food wasted increased by 4.24 kcal/day (p = 0.030), 1.67 kcal/day (p = 0.002), and 0.93 kcal/day (p = 0.031), respectively, with a unit increase in uncontrolled eating score. Similarly, total energy plated and energy left over at dinner increased by 3.40 kcal/day (p = 0.045) and 1.51 kcal/day (p = 0.001), respectively, with a unit increase in emotional eating score. Additional research should examine the specific roles of cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating, emotional eating and food waste in the development of obesity in adolescents.

Do sociodemographic factors and anthropometric measurements affect eating behavior patterns?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eda Koksal ◽  
Melahat Sedanur Macit ◽  
Saniye Bilici ◽  
Efsun Karabudak
Keyword(s):  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Anthropometric Measurements ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cognitive Restraint ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Uncontrolled Eating

Purpose Obesity is a chronic disease and it is very important to determine the underlying factors at the early stage. Disturbance in eating behaviors may predict the obesity risk. Design/methodology/approach In the present study, it was aimed to investigate eating behavior of Turkish adults by using The Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18 (TFEQ-R18) and to analyze the association between anthropometric measurements and socio-demographic factors. Findings Individuals composed of 698 males, aged 28.6 ± 10.3 years and 1,736 females, aged 25.1 ± 7.8 years. Demographic characteristics participants were obtained via a questionnaire. TFEQ-R18for assessing eating behavior was used. Results claim that the usage of TFEQ-R18 was appropriate for non-obese individuals (Cronbach’s α value 0.83 for underweight group (n = 180, 7.4%), 0.76 for normal group (n = 1604, 65.9%), 0.69 for overweight group (n = 492, 20.2%), 0.69 obese group (n = 158, 6.5%). Gender seems to effect emotional eating scores (p = 0.026) and employment status seem to affect all TFEQ-R18 sub-group dimensions (cognitive eating scores, p = 0.022, uncontrolled eating scores, p < 0.001, emotional eating scores, p < 0.001). Divorced individuals tend to have higher cognitive restraint scores (16.2 ± 3.7). Although, single people have higher emotional eating scores (7.5 ± 2.6) (p = 0.006). There is a positive correlation among waist–height ratio, waist and neck circumference and cognitive restraint and uncontrolled eating scores (p < 0.001). However, body weight and height correlate negatively with cognitive restraint scores (p < 0.001). Originality/value According to the authors’ knowledge, this study gives brief results for the usage of TFEQ-R18 and the ability to predict eating behaviors in the general population.

scholarly journals Cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating and emotional eating: correlations between parent and adolescent

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blandine de Lauzon-Guillain ◽  
Monique Romon ◽  
Dara Musher-Eizenman ◽  
Barbara Heude ◽  
Arnaud Basdevant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Cognitive Restraint ◽  
Uncontrolled Eating

scholarly journals Food Cravings and Eating: The Role of Experiential Avoidance

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Fahrenkamp ◽  
Katherine Darling ◽  
Elizabeth Ruzicka ◽  
Amy Sato
Keyword(s):  
Experiential Avoidance ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Late Adolescents ◽  
Food Cravings ◽  
Cognitive Restraint ◽  
Problematic Eating ◽  
Problematic Eating Behaviors ◽  
Uncontrolled Eating

Food cravings have been associated with problematic eating behaviors, such as emotional eating. Late adolescence is an important developmental period to examine this association, as late adolescents have greater independence in food choices as well as potentially higher demands during a transitional period of their lives. Mechanisms underlying the association between food cravings and problematic eating remain unclear. This study examined whether experiential avoidance (EA) may be one possible mechanism mediating the association between higher levels of food cravings and problematic eating behaviors. Late adolescents (n = 174) completed measures assessing EA, food cravings, and three problematic eating behaviors: emotional eating, cognitive restraint, and uncontrolled eating. Height and weight were measured objectively to calculate body mass index (BMI). Food cravings were positively associated with emotional eating and mediated by EA. EA also significantly mediated the association between greater cognitive restraint and greater food cravings. No significant mediation was detected for food cravings and uncontrolled eating. Future research may consider EA as a treatment target in intervention strategies for late adolescents seeking to decrease emotional or restrained eating behaviors.

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