scholarly journals Imaging of peripheral vascular malformations — current concepts and future perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa F. Schmidt ◽  
Max Masthoff ◽  
Michael Czihal ◽  
Beatrix Cucuruz ◽  
Beate Häberle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Duplex Ultrasound ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Genetic Profiling ◽  
Optoacoustic Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
4D Computed Tomography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

AbstractVascular Malformations belong to the spectrum of orphan diseases and can involve all segments of the vascular tree: arteries, capillaries, and veins, and similarly the lymphatic vasculature. The classification according to the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) is of major importance to guide proper treatment. Imaging plays a crucial role to classify vascular malformations according to their dominant vessel type, anatomical extension, and flow pattern. Several imaging concepts including color-coded Duplex ultrasound/contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CDUS/CEUS), 4D computed tomography angiography (CTA), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including dynamic contrast-enhanced MR-angiography (DCE-MRA), and conventional arterial and venous angiography are established in the current clinical routine. Besides the very heterogenous phenotypes of vascular malformations, molecular and genetic profiling has recently offered an advanced understanding of the pathogenesis and progression of these lesions. As distinct molecular subtypes may be suitable for targeted therapies, capturing certain patterns by means of molecular imaging could enhance non-invasive diagnostics of vascular malformations. This review provides an overview of subtype-specific imaging and established imaging modalities, as well as future perspectives of novel functional and molecular imaging approaches. We highlight recent pioneering imaging studies including thermography, positron emission tomography (PET), and multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT), which have successfully targeted specific biomarkers of vascular malformations.

scholarly journals Advances in prostate cancer imaging

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Tangel ◽  
Ardeshir R. Rastinehad
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Imaging ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
High Risk Disease ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Specific Membrane ◽  
Made In

Many exciting advances in medical imaging have been made in recent years that will alter the way we diagnose, stage, and treat patients with prostate cancer. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is emerging as the main modality for prostate cancer imaging. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound and shear wave elastography may be strong alternatives in patients who cannot undergo MRI. Prostate-specific membrane antigen-directed positron emission tomography/computed tomography has proven to be valuable in the primary staging of high-risk disease and for detecting disease in patients with biochemical recurrence. As more studies continue to emerge, it is becoming clear that the standard algorithm for diagnosing and staging prostate cancer will undergo significant changes in the near future.

scholarly journals Eukaryotically expressed encapsulins as orthogonal compartments for multiscale molecular imaging

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Sigmund ◽  
Christoph Massner ◽  
Philipp Erdmann ◽  
Anja Stelzl ◽  
Hannes Rolbieski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Cellular Therapy ◽  
Electron Tomography ◽  
Enzymatic Reactions ◽  
Robust Detection ◽  
Optoacoustic Tomography ◽  
Shell Protein ◽  
Cargo Proteins ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

We have genetically controlled compartmentalization in eukaryotic cells by heterologous expression of bacterial encapsulin shell and cargo proteins to engineer enclosed enzymatic reactions and size-controlled metal biomineralization. The orthogonal shell protein (EncA) from M. xanthus efficiently auto-assembled inside mammalian cells into nanocompartments to which sets of native (EncB,C,D) and engineered cargo proteins self-targeted. This enabled localized bimolecular fluorescence and enzyme complementation with selective access to substrates via the pores in the nanoshell. Encapsulation of the enzyme tyrosinase lead to the confinement of toxic melanin production for robust detection via multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT). Co-expression of ferritin-like native cargo (EncB or EncC) resulted in efficient iron sequestration that produced substantial contrast by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and enabled magnetic cell sorting. The monodisperse, spherical, and iron-loading nanoshells also proved to be excellent genetically encoded markers for cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET). In general, eukaryotically expressed encapsulins enable cellular engineering of spatially confined multicomponent processes with versatile applications in multiscale molecular imaging, as well as intriguing implications for metabolic engineering and cellular therapy.

New Technologies and Directed Agents for Applications of Cancer Imaging

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (20) ◽  
pp. 3299-3308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Atri
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Targeted Contrast Agents ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Molecular imaging represents tissue-specific imaging and quantification of physiologic (functional) and molecular events in tumors utilizing new noninvasive imaging modalities, radioligands, and contrast agents. It combines anatomic, physiologic, and metabolic information in a single imaging session. Molecular imaging relies on the ability to target genes and proteins that are linked directly or indirectly to human disease. New imaging biomarkers are being developed. In addition, functional and molecular imaging can potentially replace anatomic longitudinal studies by assessing treatment response earlier. Vascular targeting agents can be evaluated by imaging of tumor angiogenesis using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography and ultrasound, and positron emission tomography (PET). Targeted contrast agents can accomplish site-directed imaging or therapy by a variety of active and passive mechanisms. Furthermore, there is the possibility of combining different modalities such as ultrasonic imaging and MRI or MRI and PET to increase the flexibility unachievable with either modality alone. However, there is a need to standardize these techniques so that longitudinal evaluation of tumor response to treatment is feasible.

scholarly journals A literature review on multimodality molecular imaging nanoprobes for cancer detection

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daryoush Shahbazi-Gahrouei ◽  
Pegah Moradi Khaniabadi ◽  
Saghar Shahbazi-Gahrouei ◽  
Amir Khorasani ◽  
Farshid Mahmoudi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Single Photon Emission ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Abstract Molecular imaging techniques using nanoparticles have significant potential to be widely used for the detection of various types of cancers. Nowadays, there has been an increased focus on developing novel nanoprobes as molecular imaging contrast enhancement agents in nanobiomedicine. The purpose of this review article is to summarize the use of a variety of nanoprobes and their current achievements in accurate cancer imaging and effective treatment. Nanoprobes are rapidly becoming potential tools for cancer diagnosis by using novel molecular imaging modalities such as Ultrasound (US) imaging, Computerized Tomography (CT), Single Photon Emission Tomography (SPECT) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and Optical Imaging. These imaging modalities may facilitate earlier and more accurate diagnosis and staging the most of cancers.

Quantitative Imaging in Inflammatory Arthritis: Between Tradition and Innovation

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (04) ◽  
pp. 337-354
Author(s):  
Chiara Giraudo ◽  
Franz Kainberger ◽  
Mikael Boesen ◽  
Siegfried Trattnig
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Quantitative Imaging ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Mathematical Algorithms ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

AbstractRadiologic imaging is crucial for diagnosing and monitoring rheumatic inflammatory diseases. Particularly the emerging approach of precision medicine has increased the interest in quantitative imaging. Extensive research has shown that ultrasound allows a quantification of direct signs such as bone erosions and synovial thickness. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (CT) contribute to the quantitative assessment of secondary signs such as osteoporosis or lean mass loss. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), using different techniques and sequences, permits in-depth evaluations. For instance, the perfusion of the inflamed synovium can be quantified by dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging or diffusion-weighted imaging, and cartilage injury can be assessed by mapping (T1ρ, T2). Furthermore, the increased metabolic activity characterizing the inflammatory response can be reliably assessed by hybrid imaging (positron emission tomography [PET]/CT, PET/MRI). Finally, advances in intelligent systems are pushing forward quantitative imaging. Complex mathematical algorithms of lesions' segmentation and advanced pattern recognition are showing promising results.

scholarly journals New SPECT and PET Radiopharmaceuticals for Imaging Cardiovascular Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oyebola O. Sogbein ◽  
Matthieu Pelletier-Galarneau ◽  
Thomas H. Schindler ◽  
Lihui Wei ◽  
R. Glenn Wells ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Prognostic Information ◽  
Spect Myocardial Perfusion ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Novel Target ◽  
Photon Emission Computed Tomography

Nuclear cardiology has experienced exponential growth within the past four decades with converging capacity to diagnose and influence management of a variety of cardiovascular diseases. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) with technetium-99m radiotracers or thallium-201 has dominated the field; however new hardware and software designs that optimize image quality with reduced radiation exposure are fuelling a resurgence of interest at the preclinical and clinical levels to expand beyond MPI. Other imaging modalities including positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) continue to emerge as powerful players with an expanded capacity to diagnose a variety of cardiac conditions. At the forefront of this resurgence is the development of novel target vectors based on an enhanced understanding of the underlying pathophysiological process in the subcellular domain. Molecular imaging with novel radiopharmaceuticals engineered to target a specific subcellular process has the capacity to improve diagnostic accuracy and deliver enhanced prognostic information to alter management. This paper, while not comprehensive, will review the recent advancements in radiotracer development for SPECT and PET MPI, autonomic dysfunction, apoptosis, atherosclerotic plaques, metabolism, and viability. The relevant radiochemistry and preclinical and clinical development in addition to molecular imaging with emerging modalities such as cardiac MRI and PET-MR will be discussed.

scholarly journals A Review of Imaging Methods for Prostate Cancer Detection

2016 ◽  
Vol 7s1 ◽  
pp. BECB.S34255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saradwata Sarkar ◽  
Sudipta Das
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Fusion Imaging ◽  
Cellular Density ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
And Diffusion

Imaging is playing an increasingly important role in the detection of prostate cancer (PCa). This review summarizes the key imaging modalities–multiparametric ultrasound (US), multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), MRI-US fusion imaging, and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging–-used in the diagnosis and localization of PCa. Emphasis is laid on the biological and functional characteristics of tumors that rationalize the use of a specific imaging technique. Changes to anatomical architecture of tissue can be detected by anatomical grayscale US and T2-weighted MRI. Tumors are known to progress through angiogenesis–-a fact exploited by Doppler and contrast-enhanced US and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. The increased cellular density of tumors is targeted by elastography and diffusion-weighted MRI. PET imaging employs several different radionuclides to target the metabolic and cellular activities during tumor growth. Results from studies using these various imaging techniques are discussed and compared.

Towards molecular imaging of multiple sclerosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
David RJ Owen ◽  
Paola Piccini ◽  
Paul M Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Neuronal Function ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Radiotracers ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has had a profound impact on both research and clinical management of multiple sclerosis (MS), but signal changes reflect underlying neuropathology only indirectly and often non-specifically. Positron emission tomography (PET) offers the potential to complement MRI with quantitative measures of molecularly specific markers of cellular and metabolic processes. PET radiotracers already available promise new insights into the dynamics of the innate immune response, neuronal function, neurodegeneration and remyelination. Because PET is an exquisitely sensitive technique (able to image even picomolar concentrations), only microdoses of radioligand (<10 µg) are needed for imaging. This facilitates rapid implementation of novel radioligands because extensive toxicology data is not required. In the future, molecular imaging could assist clinical decision-making with patient stratification for optimization of treatment selection.

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