scholarly journals Author self-citation in orthodontics is associated with author origin and gender

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Livas ◽  
Konstantina Delli ◽  
Nikolaos Pandis
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Citation Rate ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Journal Citation Reports ◽  
Citation Counts ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Study Type

Abstract Background The aims of this bibliometric study were to determine author self-citation trends in high-impact orthodontic literature and to investigate possible association between self-citation and publication characteristics. Methods Six orthodontic journals with the highest impact factor as ranked by 2017 Journal Citation Reports were screened for a full publication year (2018) for original research articles, reviews, and case reports. Eligible articles were scrutinized for article and author characteristics and citation metrics. Univariable and multivariable negative binomial regression was used to examine associations between self-citation incidence and publication characteristics. Results Medians for author self-citation rate of the most self-citing authors and self-citations were 3.03% (range 0–50) and 1 (range 0–19), respectively. In the univariable analysis, there was no association between self-citation counts and study type (P = 0.41), article topic (P = 0.61), number of authors (P = 0.62), and rank of authors (P = 0.56). Author origin (P = 0.001), gender (P = 0.001) and journal (P = 0.05) were associated with self-citation counts and in the multivariable analysis only origin and gender remained strong self-citation predictors. Asian authors and females self-cited significantly less often than all other regions and male authors. Conclusions Authors in orthodontics do not self-cite at a frequency that suggests potential citation manipulation. Author origin and gender were the only variables associated with citations counts. More bibliometric research is necessary to draw solid conclusions about author self-citation trends in orthodontic literature.

scholarly journals Differences in drinking patterns between men and women in Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia C Wolle ◽  
Marcos Sanches ◽  
Monica L Zilberman ◽  
Raul Caetano ◽  
Marcos Zaleski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
And Gender

OBJECTIVE: To examine sex differences in alcohol consumption according to age groups, and to assess gender and age effects on several aspects of alcohol consumption patterns. METHOD: Based on a Brazilian nationwide representative sample (n = 3,007), we analysed the differences in drinking patterns between genders. We also assessed the effects of gender, age, and gender by age interaction for alcohol consumption dimensions (frequent drinking, usual intake, binge drinking, and frequent binge drinking), using logistic and negative binomial regression models. RESULTS: Gender, age, and gender by age interaction had significant effects on the predictive models for all studied drinking patterns, except for the 'usual' dosage. The effect of gender on drinking patterns varies with age. While gender has a greater effect in older age groups, the difference between men and women decreased in the younger age groups. CONCLUSIONS: Gender convergence regarding alcohol use is a trend that might be influenced by environmental factors and should be addressed in prevention and treatment programs, as well as in public health policies.

Mandated Representation: Exploring the Consequences of Gender Quota Design on Parliamentary Activity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva-Maria Euchner ◽  
Elena Frech
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Gender Quotas ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Interdisciplinary Framework ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Quota ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Although the scholarship on legislative behaviour widely agrees that electoral rules determine parliamentary activities, surprisingly little is known on the impact of gender quotas. We contribute to this research gap by developing an innovative interdisciplinary framework and by exploring it based on a unique dataset on varying gender quota designs throughout EU countries and parties running for the 7th term of the European Parliament (2009–2014). Based on the scholarship on gender diversity in management teams and the research on gendered processes in political parties, we argue that especially mandated gender quotas stimulate processes of social categorisation, intergroup biasing and competition due to a normative mis-fit between conceptions of gender equality and gender quotas, which in turn influences coordination and communication and hence, parliamentary activity more generally. Combining negative-binomial regression models and expert interviews, we indeed find that mandated gender quotas promote ‘individual’ parliamentary activities (e.g. speeches) and tend to impede ‘collaborative’ parliamentary activities (e.g. reports).

Differential Social Network Effects on Scholarly Productivity

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 570-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Gaughan ◽  
Julia Melkers ◽  
Eric Welch
Keyword(s):  
Network Effects ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Scientific Productivity ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Scholarly Productivity ◽  
Professional Networks ◽  
Advice Networks ◽  
And Gender

Academic productivity is realized through resources obtained from professional networks in which scientists are embedded. Using a national survey of academic faculty in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) fields across multiple institution types, we examine how the structure of professional networks affects scholarly productivity and how those effects may differ by race, ethnicity, and gender. We find that network size masks important differences in composition. Using negative binomial regression, we find that both the size and composition of professional networks affect scientific productivity, but bigger is not always better. We find that instrumental networks increase scholarly productivity, while advice networks reduce it. There are important interactive effects that are masked by modeling only direct effects. We find that white men are especially advantaged by instrumental networks, and women are especially advantaged by advice networks.

scholarly journals Where Are All of the Women? Untangling the Effects of Representation, Participation, and Preferences on Gender Differences in Political Press Coverage

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 237802311879373
Author(s):  
Morgan Johnstonbaugh
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Press Coverage ◽  
Gender Preferences ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Public Office ◽  
The Press ◽  
Female Politicians ◽  
The Media ◽  
And Gender

The author examines why female politicians continue to be underrepresented in the press by measuring how structural inequalities, engagement in traditional and disruptive dialogue, and gender preferences influence the amount of press coverage U.S. House representatives receive. Drawing on a data set of Tweets, press releases, and news articles and transcripts related to the 114th House of Representatives’ investigations of the Iran deal and Planned Parenthood, the author uses negative binomial regression to test the effects of gender, engagement, and interactions of the two on the press coverage received by male and female House members. The results indicate that female House members’ underrepresentation in the media mirrors their underrepresentation in public office. These findings suggest that although political discourse and gender preferences may not be keeping women out of the media when covering gendered topics, getting more women in public office is likely to be a cumbersome challenge in itself.

scholarly journals Survey on Endoparasites of Dairy Goats in North-Eastern Italy Using a Farm-Tailored Monitoring Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Anna Maurizio ◽  
Laura Stancampiano ◽  
Cinzia Tessarin ◽  
Alice Pertile ◽  
Giulia Pedrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression Model ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
North Eastern

With the spread of anthelmintic resistance (AR), endoparasite monitoring consolidates its role for a more sustainable targeting of treatments. A survey on endoparasites in dairy goat farms of north-eastern Italy was conducted to test a monitoring approach based on a farm-tailored sample size. Farm management and parasites control practices were investigated in 20 farms through a questionnaire survey. Further, fecal samples were collected (November 2018–September 2019) from 264 animals from 13 farms and were analyzed individually with a modified McMaster method and subsequently pooled to perform a coproculture. Coccidia (78.4%), gastrointestinal strongyles (37.9%), Strongyloides (28.4%), Skrjabinema (18.9%), Trichuris (8.0%) and Nematodirus/Marshallagia (0.4%) were identified. Abundances were higher for coccidia and gastrointestinal strongyles. Haemonchus (71%) was the dominant gastrointestinal nematode. Pasture and age class resulted in the main risk factors at the multivariable analysis through a negative binomial regression model. Results from farm monitoring indicate that our approach can be a cost-effective decision tool to target treatments more effectively, but farmers need to be educated about the importance of parasitological testing, which is currently scarcely implemented, against the risk of AR.

scholarly journals Expressway Traffic Accidents Involving Human Injuries and Fatalities in Ethiopia: Negative Binomial Regression Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yesuf Abdela Mustefa ◽  
Addis Belayhun
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression Model ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Windy Weather ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study is to provide insights and to model significant determinants of accidents involving injuries and fatalities using Ethiopian Toll Roads Enterprise data. Besides, we utilized recent dataset recorded from September, 2014 to December, 2019. We applied the most appropriate but forwent statistical model. Moreover, we examined the significance of the effects of drivers’ age and gender that have not been the cases in the literatures. Results We found that the number of injuries in accidents were significantly determined by type of vehicles, ownership status of vehicles, accident time weather condition, driver-vehicle relationship, drivers’ level of education, and drivers’ age. Heavy trucks were more likely to cause more number of injuries than medium or small vehicles. Hot and windy weather conditions were associated with higher probability of the number of injuries. The likelihood of the number of injuries were lower when drivers are owner of the vehicle; drivers level of education is above secondary school; and the age of the driver is between 18 and 23 years old. Moreover, due concern needs to be given for traffic road rules.

scholarly journals Predictors of Repeated Visits to a Pediatric Emergency Department Crisis Intervention Program

CJEM ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Cloutier ◽  
N. Thibedeau ◽  
N. Barrowman ◽  
C. Gray ◽  
A. Kennedy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Crisis Intervention ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Pediatric Emergency ◽  
Protective Services ◽  
Repeat Visits

AbstractObjectivesDespite documented increases in emergency department (ED) mental health (MH) presentations, there are inconsistent findings on the characteristics of patients with repeat presentations to pediatric EDs (PEDs) for MH concerns. Our study sought to explore the characteristics of MH patients with repeat PED visits and determine predictors of return visits, of earlier repeat visits, and of more frequent repeat visits.MethodsWe examined data collected prospectively in a clinical database looking at MH presentations to a crisis intervention program housed within a PED from October 2006 to December 2011. Predictive models based on demographic and clinical variables were constructed using logistic, Cox, and negative binomial regression.ResultsA total of 4,080 presentations to the PED were made by the 2,900 children and youth. Repeat visits accounted for almost half (45.8%) of all presentations. Multivariable analysis identified five variables that independently predicted greater odds of having repeat presentations, greater risk of earlier repeat presentations, and greater risk of frequent repeat presentations. The five variables were: female, living in the metropolitan community close to the PED, being in the care of child protective services, taking psychotropic medications, and presenting with an actionable need in the area of mood disturbances.ConclusionsRepeat visits account for a large portion of all MH presentations to the PED. Furthermore, several patient characteristics are significant predictors of repeat PED use and of repeating use sooner and more frequently. Further research is needed to examine interventions targeting this patient group to ensure appropriate MH patient management.

scholarly journals Sexual Assault, Alcohol Use, and Gender of Sexual Partners Among Cisgender Women Seeking Care at US College Health Centers, 2015–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (6) ◽  
pp. 850-856
Author(s):  
Heather L. McCauley ◽  
Kelley A. Jones ◽  
Dana L. Rofey ◽  
Taylor A. Reid ◽  
Elizabeth Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
College Health ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
College Health Centers

Objectives. To assess differences by gender of sexual partner in the association between sexual assault and alcohol use among women seeking care in college health centers. Methods. This longitudinal study comprised 1578 women aged 18 to 24 years visiting 28 college health centers in Pennsylvania and West Virginia from 2015 to 2018. We used multilevel logistic regression and negative binomial regression, testing for interactions of gender of sexual partners, sexual assault, and prevalence and frequency of alcohol use and binge drinking. Results. Sexual assault was reported by 87.3% of women who had sex with women or with women and men (WSWM), 68.2% of women who had sex with men only (WSM), and 47.5% of women with no penetrative sexual partners. The relative associations between sexual assault and alcohol outcomes were smaller for WSWM (prevalence: odds ratios from 0.04 to 0.06; frequency: incidence rate ratios [IRRs] from 0.24 to 0.43) and larger for women who had no penetrative sexual partners (IRRs from 1.55 to 2.63), compared with WSM. Conclusions. Alcohol use patterns among women who have experienced sexual assault differ by gender of sexual partners.

scholarly journals The cost of treatment and its related complications for men who receive surgery or radiation therapy for prostate cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaina Garbens ◽  
Christopher J.D. Wallis ◽  
Rano Matta ◽  
Ronald Kodama ◽  
Sender Herschorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Radical Prostatectomy ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Relative Rate ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Open Radical Prostatectomy ◽  
Medication Costs ◽  
Total Treatment

Introduction: We sought to examine the costs related to treatment and treatment-related complications for patients treated with surgery or radiation for localized prostate cancer.Methods: We performed a population-based, retrospective cohort study of men who underwent open radical prostatectomy or radiation from 2004‒2009 in Ontario, Canada. Costs, including initial treatment and inpatient hospitalization, emergency room visit, outpatient consultation, physician billings, and medication costs, were determined for five years following treatment using a validated costing algorithm. Multivariable negative binomial regression was used to assess the association between treatment modality and costs.Results: A total of 28 849 men underwent treatment for localized prostate cancer from 2004–2009. In the five years following treatment, men who underwent radiation (n=12 675) had 21% higher total treatment and treatment-related costs than men who underwent surgery ($16 716/person vs. $13 213/person). Based on multivariable analysis, while men who underwent XRT had a lower relative cost in their first year after treatment (relative rate [RR] 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.94–1.0; p=0.025), after year 2, annual costs were significantly higher in the radiation group compared to the surgery group (total cost for year 5, RR 1.44; 95% CI 1.17–1.76; p<0.0001). Our results were similar when restricted to young, healthy men and to older men.Conclusions: Men who undergo radiation have significantly higher five-year total treatment-related costs compared to men who undergo open radical prostatectomy. While surgery was associated with slightly higher initial costs, radiotherapy had higher costs in subsequent years.

scholarly journals 41 Age Modifies the Association between Apathy ANND Recurrent Falling in Dutch Ambulant Older Persons with a High Fall Risk

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. iv9-iv12
Author(s):  
Marieke Henstra ◽  
Carin Houbolt ◽  
Lotta Seppala ◽  
Sophia De Rooij ◽  
Didi Rhebergen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fall Risk ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Behavioural Syndrome ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fall Risk Factors ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Apathy, a common and disabling behavioural syndrome in older persons, has been associated with impaired physical performance and executive dysfunction. Both are fall risk factors and they share pathophysiological pathway. We cross-sectionally examined the association between apathy and recurrent falling (≥2 falls in the past 12 months) and number of falls in the past 12 months in 243 outpatients aged ≥ 65 years with ≥3 fall risk-factors visiting a fall-clinic after a fall. We calculated Odds Ratio’s (ORs), Incidence Rate Ratio’s (IRRs) and their 95% Confidential Intervals (CI95) using multivariable regression and negative binomial regression analyses. We adjusted for cognitive functioning, depression, the use of fall risk increasing drugs, visual impairment, urine incontinence, comorbidity, smoking, use of alcohol, body mass index (BMI), and the number of months between assessment of fall risk and of apathy. We assessed effect modification by age and gender. In our study, apathy was independently associated with recurrent falling in patients aged 65-75 years: OR 2.8 (CI95 1.0-7.7). Overall, patients with apathy experienced 1.46 times as many falls in the past 12 months compared to patients without apathy (IRR 1.46 (CI95 1.0-2.1). To conclude, in high fall-risk older outpatients, apathy was cross-sectionally associated with recurrent falling in patients aged 65-75 years and the number of falls. Apathy appeared to be especially relevant in relation to falling in this age group. Whether apathy predicts recurrent falling is yet to be determined.

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