scholarly journals Agricultural management and cultivation period alter soil enzymatic activity and bacterial diversity in litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) orchards

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Pei Chen ◽  
Chia-Fang Tsai ◽  
Asif Hameed ◽  
Yu-Jen Chang ◽  
Chiu-Chung Young
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Temporal Change ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Agricultural Management ◽  
Soil Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Bacterial Richness

Abstract Background Agricultural management and temporal change including climate conditions and soil properties can result in the alteration of soil enzymatic activity and bacterial community, respectively. Therefore, different agricultural practices have been used globally to explore the soil quality. In this study, the temporal variations in soil property, enzymatic activity, and bacterial community at three successive trimester sampling intervals were performed in the soil samples of litchi orchards that were maintained under conventional and sustainable agricultural practices. Results Agricultural management found to significantly influence arylsulfatase, β-glucosidase, and urease activities across time as observed by repeated-measures analysis of variance. Shannon and Simpson diversity indices, and the relative abundance of predominant Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria were significantly influenced by temporal change but not agricultural management. This suggested that soil enzymatic activity was more susceptible to the interaction of temporal change and agricultural management than that of the bacterial community. Multiple regression analysis identified total nitrogen, EC, and phosphorus as the significant predictors of acid phosphatase, arylsulfatase, and β-glucosidase for explaining 29.5–39% of the variation. Moreover, the soil pH and EC were selected for the SOBS, Chao, ACE, and Shannon index to describe 33.8%, 79% of the variation, but no significant predictor was observed in the dominant bacterial phyla. Additionally, the temporal change involved in the soil properties had a greater effect on bacterial richness and diversity, and enzymatic activity than that of the dominant phyla of bacteria. Conclusions A long-term sustainable agriculture in litchi orchards would also decrease soil pH and phosphorus, resulting in low β-glucosidase and urease activity, bacterial richness, and diversity. Nevertheless, application of chemical fertilizer could facilitate the soil acidification and lead to adverse effects on soil quality. The relationship between bacterial structure and biologically-driven ecological processes can be explored by the cross-over analysis of enzymatic activity, soil properties and bacterial composition.

scholarly journals Agricultural Management and Cultivation Period Alter Soil Enzymatic Activity and Bacterial Diversity in Litchi (Litchi Chinensis Sonn.) Orchards

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Pei Chen ◽  
Chia-Fang Tsai ◽  
Asif Hameed ◽  
Yu-Jen Chang ◽  
Chiu-Chung Young
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Temporal Change ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Agricultural Management ◽  
Soil Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Bacterial Richness

Abstract BackgroundAgricultural management and temporal change including climate conditions and soil properties can result in the alteration of soil enzymatic activity and bacterial community, respectively. Therefore, different agricultural practices have been used globally to explore the soil quality. In this study, the temporal variations in soil property, enzymatic activity, and bacterial community at three successive trimester sampling intervals were performed in the soil samples of litchi orchards that were maintained under conventional and sustainable agricultural practices. ResultsAgricultural management found to significantly influence arylsulfatase, β-glucosidase, and urease activities across time as observed by repeated-measures analysis of variance. Shannon and Simpson diversity indices, and the relative abundance of predominant Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria were significantly influenced by temporal change but not agricultural management. This suggested that soil enzymatic activity was more susceptible to the interaction of temporal change and agricultural management than that of the bacterial community. Multiple regression analysis identified total nitrogen, EC, and phosphorus as the significant predictors of acid phosphatase, arylsulfatase, and β-glucosidase for explaining 29.5%－39% of the variation. Moreover, the soil pH and EC were selected for the SOBS, Chao, ACE, and Shannon index to describe 33.8%－79% of the variation, but no significant predictor was observed in the dominant bacterial phyla. Additionally, the temporal change involved in the soil properties had a greater effect on bacterial richness and diversity, and enzymatic activity than that of the dominant phyla of bacteria.ConclusionsA long-term sustainable agriculture in litchi orchards would also decrease soil pH and phosphorus, resulting in low β-glucosidase and urease activity, bacterial richness, and diversity. Nevertheless, application of chemical fertilizer could facilitate the soil acidification and lead to adverse effects on soil quality. The relationship between bacterial structure and biologically-driven ecological processes can be explored by the cross-over analysis of enzymatic activity, soil properties and bacterial composition.

scholarly journals Agricultural Management Practices Influence the Soil Enzyme Activity and Bacterial Community Structure in Tea Plantations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Pei Chen ◽  
Chai-Fang Tsai ◽  
PD Rekha ◽  
Sudeep Ghate ◽  
Hsi-Yuan Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Management ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Tea Plantation ◽  
Tea Plantations

Abstract Background The soil quality and health of the tea plantations are dependent on the agriculture management practices, and long-term chemical fertilizer use is implicated in soil decline. Hence, several sustainable practices are used to improve and maintain the soil quality. Here, in this study, changes in soil properties, enzymatic activity, and dysbiosis in bacterial community composition were compared using three agricultural management practices, namely conventional (CA), sustainable (SA) and transformational agriculture (TA) in the tea plantation during 2016 and 2017 period. Soil samples at two-months intervals were collected and analyzed. Results The results of the enzyme activities revealed that acid phosphatase, arylsulfatase, β-glucosidase, and urease activities differed considerably among the soils representing the three management practices. Combining the redundancy and multiple regression analysis, the change in the arylsulfatase activity was explained by soil pH as a significant predictor in the SA soils. The soil bacterial community was predominated by the phyla Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Bacteroidetes in the soil throughout the sampling period. Higher Alpha diversity scores indicated increased bacterial abundance and diversity in the SA soils. A significant relationship between bacterial richness indices (SOBS, Chao and ACE) and soil pH, K and P was observed in the SA soils. The diversity indices namely Shannon and Simpson also showed variations, suggesting the shift in the diversity of less abundant and more common species. Furthermore, the agricultural management practices, soil pH fluctuation and the extractable elements had a greater influence on bacterial structure than that of temporal change. Conclusions Based on the cross-over analysis of bacterial composition, enzymatic activity and the soil properties, the relationship between bacterial composition and biologically-driven ecological processes can identified as indicators of sustainability for the tea plantation.

scholarly journals Agricultural management practices influence the soil enzyme activity and bacterial community structure in tea plantations

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Pei Chen ◽  
Chia-Fang Tsai ◽  
P. D. Rekha ◽  
Sudeep D. Ghate ◽  
Hsi-Yuan Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Management ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Tea Plantation ◽  
Tea Plantations

Abstract Background The soil quality and health of the tea plantations are dependent on agriculture management practices, and long-term chemical fertilizer use is implicated in soil decline. Hence, several sustainable practices are used to improve and maintain the soil quality. Here, in this study, changes in soil properties, enzymatic activity, and dysbiosis in bacterial community composition were compared using three agricultural management practices, namely conventional (CA), sustainable (SA), and transformational agriculture (TA) in the tea plantation during 2016 and 2017 period. Soil samples at two-months intervals were collected and analyzed. Results The results of the enzyme activities revealed that acid phosphatase, arylsulfatase, β-glucosidase, and urease activities differed considerably among the soils representing the three management practices. Combining the redundancy and multiple regression analysis, the change in the arylsulfatase activity was explained by soil pH as a significant predictor in the SA soils. The soil bacterial community was predominated by the phyla Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Bacteroidetes in the soil throughout the sampling period. Higher Alpha diversity scores indicated increased bacterial abundance and diversity in the SA soils. A significant relationship between bacterial richness indices (SOBS, Chao and ACE) and soil pH, K and, P was observed in the SA soils. The diversity indices namely Shannon and Simpson also showed variations, suggesting the shift in the diversity of less abundant and more common species. Furthermore, the agricultural management practices, soil pH fluctuation, and the extractable elements had a greater influence on bacterial structure than that of temporal change. Conclusions Based on the cross-over analysis of the bacterial composition, enzymatic activity, and soil properties, the relationship between bacterial composition and biologically-driven ecological processes can be identified as indicators of sustainability for the tea plantation.

scholarly journals Impact of Sustainable Land Management Practices on Soil Properties: Example of Organic and Integrated Agricultural Management

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Rok Mihelič ◽  
Jure Pečnik ◽  
Matjaž Glavan ◽  
Marina Pintar
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Agricultural Management ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
River Terraces ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization

Maintaining good soil quality is crucial for the sustainability of agriculture. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the visual soil assessment (VSA) method by testing it on two soil types and two agricultural management practices (AMP) (organic and integrated) that are considered to protect soil quality. We selected two farms with plots on two river terraces with different soil properties. The test was based on the modified method Annual Crops Visual Quality Assessment developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and supported by a standardized soil physical and chemical analysis. This study showed that the assessed score is highly dependent on the type of farming practice and how soils are managed. The soil type also plays an important role. The results for Calcaric Fluvisol showed that the effects of selected agricultural management practices on the visual assessment of soil quality could be almost undetectable. The time of assessment also plays a significant role in VSA scoring. Different crops and agricultural activities with significant impacts on the soil occur throughout the year (especially in vegetable production). It was observed that a higher score for the soil cover indicator had a beneficial effect on the total VSA rating.

Bacteria but not fungi respond to soil acidification rapidly and consistently in both a spruce and beech forest

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Choma ◽  
Karolina Tahovská ◽  
Eva Kaštovská ◽  
Jiří Bárta ◽  
Michal Růžek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Beech Forest ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Soil Enzymatic Activity

ABSTRACT Anthropogenically enhanced atmospheric sulphur (S) and nitrogen (N) deposition has acidified and eutrophied forest ecosystems worldwide. However, both S and N mechanisms have an impact on microbial communities and the consequences for microbially driven soil functioning differ. We conducted a two-forest stand (Norway spruce and European beech) field experiment involving acidification (sulphuric acid addition) and N (ammonium nitrate) loading and their combination. For 4 years, we monitored separate responses of soil microbial communities to the treatments and investigated the relationship to changes in the activity of extracellular enzymes. We observed that acidification selected for acidotolerant and oligotrophic taxa of Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria decreased bacterial community richness and diversity in both stands in parallel, disregarding their original dissimilarities in soil chemistry and composition of microbial communities. The shifts in bacterial community influenced the stoichiometry and magnitude of enzymatic activity. The bacterial response to experimental N addition was much weaker, likely due to historically enhanced N availability. Fungi were not influenced by any treatment during 4-year manipulation. We suggest that in the onset of acidification when fungi remain irresponsive, bacterial reaction might govern the changes in soil enzymatic activity.

scholarly journals Changes in Soil Properties and Bacterial Community Composition with Biochar Amendment after Six Years

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 746
Author(s):  
Shuxiu Fan ◽  
Jiacheng Zuo ◽  
Hangyu Dong
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Biochar Amendment

Changes in soil physicochemical properties and bacterial community composition were investigated six years after biochar amendment at 0%, 4%, 8% and 12% (w/w), which were coded as C0, C1, C2 and C3, respectively. Results showed that some soil characteristics were sustainable, as they were still affected by biochar addition after six years. Compared to the control, biochar-treated soils had higher pH, total carbon (TC), C/N, total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (AP) and available potassium (AK). Soil pH, C/N and the content of TC, TN and AK all increased along with the increase of biochar dosage. The results of Illumina MiSeq sequencing demonstrated that biochar enhanced soil bacteria diversity and modified the community composition over time. The relative abundance of Nitrospirae and Verrucomicrobia phylum increased but that of Acidobacteria phylum decreased significantly in biochar amended soils. The addition of biochar also enriched some bacterial genera, such as uncultured Nitrosomonadace, uncultured Gemmatimonadac, uncultured Nitrospiraceae and Magnetovibrio. In particular, the relative abundance of uncultured Nitrospiraceae was enhanced by 16.9%, 42.8% and 73.6% in C1, C2 and C3, respectively, compared to C0. Biochar has a potential role in enhancing the abundance of bacteria involved in N cycling. Soil pH, TC, TN, TK and AK, were closely related to alterations in the composition of the soil bacterial community. Meanwhile, these soil properties were significantly influenced by biochar amendment, which indicates that biochar affected the soil microbial community indirectly by altering the soil characteristics in the long term.

Selection and establishment of Alberta agricultural soil quality benchmark sites

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Cathcart ◽  
Karen Cannon ◽  
Jody Heinz
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Slope Position ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Agricultural Regions

Forty-three benchmark sites were established to monitor soils across the agricultural regions of Alberta. Soil chemical and physical properties were examined in an initial pedological investigation in 1997. This paper describes site selection and presents results from the initial pedological investigation. Ninety-five percent of the chosen sites were representative of their provincial ecodistrict, with only two profiles being darker and higher in organic carbon than expected. The majority of selected sites were gently undulating loam soils on morainal parent materials in the dryland regions of Alberta. Soil texture, cation exchange capacity, calcium carbonate content, and soil pH reflected regional differences in quaternary geology and agricultural practices across Alberta. Southern Alberta was characterized by high pH, sandier-textured soil profiles, whereas the Peace Lowlands, being derived from marine shale deposits, exhibited finer soil textures and higher cation exchanges capacities. Owing to climatic and vegetative differences, organic carbon levels were significantly greater in northern Alberta compared with the south, but were found to differ based on soil horizon and slope position. Upper slopes typically had lower organic carbon levels, particularly in the A horizon. Similar results were observed for total soil N, although other soil nutrients differed in relation to soil properties, slope and ecoregion. Data collected will provide: (a) the basis for a detailed Alberta soil quality assessment, (b) data for future modeling efforts, and (c) data necessary to identify temporal changes in soil properties, yield and management relationships. Key words: Agronomic practices, catena, ecodistrict, pedological investigation, soil landscape, soil quality

scholarly journals Biochar Impacts on Acidic Soil from Camellia Oleifera Plantation: A Short-Term Soil Incubation Study

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1446
Author(s):  
Qianqian Song ◽  
Yifan He ◽  
Yuefeng Wu ◽  
Shipin Chen ◽  
Taoxiang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Microbial Biomass N ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Variable Effect ◽  
Soil Enzymatic Activity

Nowadays, biochar is increasingly used widely as an important soil amendment to enhance soil nutrients availability. Therefore, we investigated the effect of C.oleifera shell biochar (CSB) on C.oleifera plantation soils to provide evidence that C. oleifera shell as a raw material in biochar has great potential to be a soil amendment. For this, a short-term incubation experiment was conducted in controlled conditions to evaluate the effects of CSB application on two soil chemical properties, microbial biomass, and enzymatic activity. We compared two acidic soils, mixed with CSB of three pyrolysis temperatures (300, 500, and 700 °C), and two application rates (3% and 5% (w/w)), incubated for 180 days. The results showed that the soil pH, total P (TP), and available P (AP) significantly increased under 5CSB700 in two soils, and indicated CSB application rate and pyrolysis temperature had a significant impact on soil pH, TP, and AP (p < 0.05). CSB application also significantly increased the total inorganic P in two soils and presented a significantly positive correlation with soil pH, TP, and AP under redundancy analysis. The results suggested that CSB application has a variable effect on soil enzymatic activity, microbial biomass C (MBC), and microbial biomass P (MBP) on average, while it increased the soil microbial biomass N (MBN) in both soils. We concluded that CSB could be a soil amendment to increase soil nutrients of C.oleifera plantation soils. Before the application of biochar to C.oleifera plantation forest soils, long-term studies are required to assess the effects of biochar under field conditions and its promoting effect on the growth of C. oleifera.

Effect of different agricultural management practices on soil quality in maize intensive production.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Luísa ◽  
carlos oliveira ◽  
Isabel Campos ◽  
Oscar Pelayo ◽  
Dalila Serpa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Urease Activity ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Agricultural Management ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
No Till ◽  
Soil Sustainability ◽  
Biodiversity Preservation

&lt;p&gt;Potential changes in soil quality as result of intensive agriculture are increasingly raising concerns about associated impacts and the need to implement more sustainable agricultural practices. Among several intensive crops, maize, an important human food source, is one of the most intensely produced around the world, representing harmful consequences for soil quality. Therefore, it is fundamental to understand how different agricultural management practices can influence soil quality. Hence, the main objective of this study was to compare the implications of the conventional tillage versus non-tillage in soil quality. Additionally, it was also an objective to evaluate how the implementation of herbage strips, non-irrigated and fallow areas, contribute to soil sustainability and biodiversity preservation, compensating the impacts of intensive maize cultivation. For this purpose, an integrative approach was adopted including physical-chemical parameters (e.g. bulk density, pH, electrical conductivity, field capacity, organic matter, nutrients) and biological parameters (e.g. phosphatase activity, urease activity, ecotoxicological tests with soil organisms).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The obtained results revealed the existence of differences between the analyzed practices, mainly associated with chemical parameters and nutrients. When comparing no-till and conventional sowing, higher mean values for no-till were observed for the following parameters: organic matter, cation exchange capacity, nitrogen, phosphorus, nitrates, calcium, copper, zinc, iron, manganese, urease activity and invertase activity. Hence, this study highlights the importance of the implementation of nonconventional agricultural practices, as is the case of no-till, as promoters of productivity and soil sustainability. Additionally, different management practices as herbage strip, non-irrigated and fallow areas around conventional areas play an additional role in soil quality and biodiversity preservation.&lt;/p&gt;

pH affects bacterial community composition in soils across the Huashan Watershed, China

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 726-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Huang ◽  
Dayong Zhao ◽  
Jin Zeng ◽  
Feng Shen ◽  
Xinyi Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Bioinformatics Analyses ◽  
Soil Bacterial

To investigate soil bacterial richness and diversity and to determine the correlations between bacterial communities and soil properties, 8 soil samples were collected from the Huashan watershed in Anhui, China. Subsequently, 454 high-throughput pyrosequencing and bioinformatics analyses were performed to examine the soil bacterial community compositions. The operational taxonomic unit richness of the bacterial community ranged from 3664 to 5899, and the diversity indices, including Chao1, Shannon–Wiener, and Faith’s phylogenetic diversity ranged from 7751 to 15 204, 7.386 to 8.327, and 415.77 to 679.11, respectively. The 2 most dominant phyla in the soil samples were Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. The richness and diversity of the bacterial community were positively correlated with soil pH. The Mantel test revealed that the soil pH was the dominant factor influencing the bacterial community. The positive modular structure of co-occurrence patterns at the genus level was discovered by network analysis. The results obtained in this study provide useful information that enhances our understanding of the effects of soil properties on the bacterial communities.

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