scholarly journals Effect of biochar addition on legacy phosphorus availability in long-term cultivated arid soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled D. Alotaibi ◽  
Melissa Arcand ◽  
Noura Ziadi
Keyword(s):  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Arid Soil ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Sequential Chemical Extraction ◽  
P Content ◽  
Labile P

Abstract Background Continuous application of phosphorus (P) nutrient in association with its low recovery results in large amounts of P being accumulated in soil in different forms. Use of biochar can be a possible means to mobilize soil legacy P and increase its bioavailability. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the potential impact of a range of biochar types on P fractions in a long-term cultivated arid soil with high legacy P content. Methodology The soil was treated with biochar produced from four feedstock sources (BFS): sewage sludge (SSB), olive mill pomace (OPB), chicken manure (CMB), and date palm residues (DRB) pyrolyzed at 300, 500, or 700 °C in addition to an untreated control. The soil biochar mixture was incubated for 1 month followed by soil P fractionations using sequential chemical extraction to separate soil P into: labile (Resin-Pi, NaHCO3-Pi, NaHCO3-Po), moderately labile (NaOH-Pi, NaOH-Po), and non-labile (HCl-Pi and Residual-P) pools. Results Biochar addition clearly influenced most of the soil P fractions; however, the extent of this effect greatly varied depending on BFS and pyrolysis temperature (PT). The most evident biochar impact was observed with labile P pool, with the greatest increase being observed in NaHCO3-Pi fraction in most biochar treatments. Irrespective of PT, SSB and CMB were the most effective biochar type in increasing labile inorganic P; the SSB and CMB increased Resin-Pi by 77 and 206% and NaHCO3-Pi by 200 and 188%, respectively. In contrast, DRB made no changes in any P fraction. Differences in effects of biochar types on labile P is presumably related to the higher content of P in biowaste-based biochar compared to plant-based biochar which have much lower P content. The SSB, CMB, and OPB produced at low temperature reduced HCl-Pi content, indicating that these biochars may have stimulated organic matter decomposition and thereby dissolution of non-labile Ca-associated P to labile P forms. Conclusion Overall, biochar addition appeared to be an effective approach in enhancing legacy P availability in arid soil. However, further studies are necessary to verify these findings in the presence of plant and for a longer period. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Long-Term Mineral Fertilization Improved the Grain Yield and Phosphorus Use Efficiency by Changing Soil P Fractions in Ferralic Cambisol

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waqas Ahmed ◽  
Kailou Liu ◽  
Muhammad Qaswar ◽  
Jing Huang ◽  
Qinghai Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Paddy Soils ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Soil P Fractions ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Labile P

Elevated mineral fertilization may change the composition and increase the availability of soil phosphorus (P) in subtropical paddy soils and thus affect long-term plant growth. However, an understanding of the response of soil P fractions to long-term nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) additions remains elusive. This study aimed to explore the responses of soil P-fractions and their mobility to different long-term chemical fertilization rates under a double rice cropping system. The rates of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in the low NPK treatment (LNPK) were 90, 45, and 75 kg ha−1 year−1, respectively, and in the high NPK treatment (HNPK), they were 180, 90, and 150 kg ha−1 year−1, respectively. The results showed that the concentrations of soil organic matter (SOM), total P, Olsen P, total N, and mineral N were remarkably increased under HNPK by 17.46%, 162.66%, 721.16%, 104.42%, and 414.46%, respectively, compared with those under control (CT). Compared to the CT P fractions, HNPK increased the labile P fractions (i.e., NaHCO3-Pi and NaHCO3-Po) by 322.25% and 83.53% and the moderately labile P fractions (i.e., NaOH-Pi, NaOH-Po and HCl. dil. Pi) by 163.54%, 183.78%, and 3167.25% respectively, while the non-labile P was decreased by the HNPK addition. P uptake and grain yield were increased by LNPK and HNPK by 10.02% and 35.20%, respectively, compared with CT. P use efficiency indices were also higher under HNPK than under LNPK. There was a strong positive relationship between grain yield and P use efficiency (R2 = 0.97). A redundancy analysis (RDA) showed a strong correlation between soil chemical properties and the labile and moderately labile P pools. Structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that SOM, mineral N, and available P strongly control the labile P pool. In conclusion, NPK additions under the paddy soils significantly influences the soil P fractions. The soil P dynamics and the mechanisms governing the interactions between plants and soil nutrients are clearly explained in this study.

scholarly journals Effect of Freeze–Thaw Cycles on Phosphorus Fractions and Their Availability in Biochar-Amended Mollisols of Northeast China (Laboratory Experiment)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Han ◽  
Xiangwei Chen ◽  
Byoungkoo Choi
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
P Fractionation ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Soil P Fractions ◽  
Labile P ◽  
Biochar Amendment

Freeze–thaw cycles stimulate the release of available soil phosphorus (P) in winter, and biochar as a soil amendment could improve P availability. Nevertheless, it is unclear how freeze–thaw cycles and biochar amendment interact to affect the soil P fractions and their availability in winter, particularly under different soil water conditions. We simulateda freeze–thaw cycle experimentto assess the effects of three factors on soil P fractions: soil moisture content (22%, 31%, and 45%), frequencies of freeze–thaw cycles (0, 1, 3, 6, and 12 times) and biochar amendment (soil and biochar-amended soil). Modified Hedley sequential P fractionation was conducted to measure the soil P fractions. Increasing the number of freeze–thaw cycles increased soil labile P fractions in the soil with the lowest moisture content (22%). After biochar amendment, the content of labile P decreased as the number of freeze–thaw cycles increased. Biochar amendment enhanced P availability in Mollisols owing to the direct effect of NaOH-Po, which has a large direct path coefficient. Principal components analysis showed that moisture content was a major factor influencing the variation in the P fractions. The P fractions were separated by the interactive effects of biochar amendment and freeze–thaw cycles in soils with a higher moisture content (45%), indicating that the effects of freeze–thaw cycles on P availability appear to be more pronounced in biochar-amended Mollisols of higher water contents.

scholarly journals Phosphorus Speciation in Long-Term Drained and Rewetted Peatlands of Northern Germany

Soil Systems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Wakene Negassa ◽  
Dirk Michalik ◽  
Wantana Klysubun ◽  
Peter Leinweber
Keyword(s):  
Total Concentration ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Edge Structure ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Wet Chemical ◽  
Labile P ◽  
X Ray Absorption ◽  
Total P

Previous studies, conducted at the inception of rewetting degraded peatlands, reported that rewetting increased phosphorus (P) mobilization but long-term effects of rewetting on the soil P status are unknown. The objectives of this study were to (i) characterize P in the surface and subsurface horizons of long-term drained and rewetted percolation mires, forest, and coastal peatlands and (ii) examine the influence of drainage and rewetting on P speciation and distributions using wet-chemical and advanced spectroscopic analyses. The total P was significantly (p < 0.05) different at the surface horizons. The total concentration of P ranged from 1022 to 2320 mg kg−1 in the surface horizons and decreased by a factor of two to five to the deepest horizons. Results of the chemical, solution 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and P K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) indicated that the major proportions of total P were organic P (Po). In the same peatland types, the relative proportions of Po and stable P fractions were lower in the drained than in the rewetted peatland. The results indicate that long-term rewetting not only locks P in organic matter but also transforms labile P to stable P fractions at the surface horizons of the different peatland types.

scholarly journals The influences of historic lake trophy and mixing regime changes on long-term phosphorus fractions retention in sediments of deep, eutrophic lakes: a case study from Lake Burgäschi, Switzerland

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luyao Tu ◽  
Paul Zander ◽  
Sönke Szidat ◽  
Ronald Lloren ◽  
Martin Grosjean
Keyword(s):  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Redox Conditions ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Eutrophic Lakes ◽  
Anoxic Hypolimnion ◽  
P Fraction ◽  
Labile P ◽  
Total P

Abstract. Hypolimnetic anoxia in eutrophic lakes can delay lake recovery to lower trophic states via the release of sediment phosphorus (P) to surface waters on short time scales. However, the effects of hypolimnetic redox conditions and eutrophication on long-term sediment P-fraction retention are not clear yet. In this study, we investigated the sediment profiles since the early 1900s from Lake Burgäschi, a deep, eutrophic lake on the Swiss Plateau. The changes of sediment P-fraction retention were assessed with respect to lake trophic evolution (sedimentary green-pigments proxy), hypolimnetic oxygenation regime (Fe / Mn ratio proxy), sediment geochemical characteristics, and lake restoration history. Results showed that long-term retention of total P and labile P-fractions in sediments was predominantly affected by autochthonous Fe and Mn preserved in anoxic sediments, which were controlled by past hypolimnetic redox conditions. By contrast, refractory HCl-P (Ca-P) fraction retention largely resulted from authigenic CaCO3-P precipitation and increased with higher eutrophic levels. The retention of total P and labile P fractions was considerably reduced in surface sediments from 1977–2017 when Lake Burgäschi had the highest eutrophic levels and a persistent anoxic hypolimnion. We attributed the phenomenon to reduced sediment P-binding capacity (Mn and Fe oxyhydroxides) under the eutrophication-induced anoxic hypolimnion and decreased water-P concentrations due to hypolimnetic withdrawal. Our study implies that in seasonally stratified deep lakes like Lake Burgäschi, hypolimnetic withdrawal of P-enriched water can effectively reduce P retention in sediments and potentials of sediment-P release (seen from low P availability after 1977). However, the restoration has not improved lake trophic state, similarly to the findings from lake limnological survey.

Long-term effects of liquid hog manure on the phosphorus status of a silt loam cropped to corn

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 589-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Royer ◽  
R. R. Simard ◽  
G. M. Barnett ◽  
D. Cluis ◽  
D. A. Angers
Keyword(s):  
Water Contamination ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
P Content ◽  
Hog Manure ◽  
Labile P

Repeated application of animal manure or mineral P fertilizer can significantly increase soil P content and enhance the risk of water contamination. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the long-term (8 yr) effect of liquid hog manure (LHM) applied at high rates and its timing of application on the soil P status and on the risk index of water contamination by P. Spring (S), fall (F), or spring + fall (SF) applications of LHM on a silt loam (Humo Ferric Podzol) were compared to recommended application rates of mineral fertilizer (MF) in a continuous corn (Zea mays L.) system. Total P applied ranged from 7 to 34 kg P ha-1 yr-1 in the MF treatment and from 106 to 150 kg P haP ha-1 yr-1 in the LHM treatments. Soil samples were collected to 1.0-m depth after one, six and eight annual applications. Applying high rates of LHM for 8 consecutive years resulted in a significant (P ≤ 0.10) enrichment in total soil P content relative to MF at the 0- to 20-cm soil depth. The effects of LHM on labile P forms (water soluble P, Pw and Mehlich-III extractable P, M3P) were also restricted to the 0- to 20-cm depth with values as high as 11 mg kg-1 for Pw and 241 mg kg-1 for M3P in the LHM plots. The degree of soil P saturation, evaluated as Pox/(Alox+Feox), increased to 15% in the 0- to 20-cm depth after 6 to 8 yr of LHM application. Saturation values of 12 to 15% were also found at the 80- to 100-cm depth in some LHM plots. The P index rating was always medium (109 to 216) in soil receiving MF but was high (217 to 432) after 6 to 8 yr of heavy LHM applications, which indicates a high potential risk of soil P transfer to surface water. The results of this study showed that timing of application had little influence on long-term soil P status. Overall, applying LHM at high rates greatly increased total soil P, the degree of soil P saturation, and the labile P forms in the surface horizons but had little effects below 20 cm. Key words: Hog manure, soil P, long-term effects, labile P, P saturation

Soil P fractions as affected by on-farm composts in a controlled incubation study

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Gagnon and R. R. Simard
Keyword(s):  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
P Fractionation ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Fraction ◽  
Labile P ◽  
On Farm

Information on the different forms and availability of P following compost addition to soil may help to better manage manure in respect to plant growth and the environment. An experiment was conducted to investigate through a sequential extraction procedure the availability of P of fresh dairy manure and several on-farm compost-soil mixtures after a 13 wk incubation in glass jars at 35°C. Materials were mixed at a rate of 200 mg N kg-1 with an Arago sandy loam (Humo-Ferric Podzol), supplying from 64 to 301 mg P kg-1. Fresh dairy manure gave the highest net increase of resin-P and labile P fractions in terms of percentage of total P added, whereas poultry litter compost was the most efficient in increasing NaHCO3-inorganic P (-Pi). Among compost materials, poultry litter, vegetable residue and sheep manure increased labile P fraction the most. The contribution of the young dairy manure compost to this fraction was largely negative, and lower than those of fresh manure or partially and well-decomposed manure composts. A large part of added P was found in the moderately labile P fraction. The organic P (Po) fractions in the soil were less affected by manure or compost addition. This study indicated that the material P availability was reduced by composting, and was more affected by the origin of residue than by manure management. Key words: Composting, farm manure, soil P fractionation

scholarly journals Phosphorus critical levels and availability in lowland soils cultivated with flooded rice

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-120
Author(s):  
Isabela Orlando dos Santos Mariano ◽  
Luiz Arnaldo Fernandes ◽  
Valdemar Faquin ◽  
Alex Teixeira de Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Rice Crop ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Critical Levels ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
P Nutrition ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Flooded Rice ◽  
Waterlogged Soils ◽  
Labile P

Lowland soils present a great potential for the flooded rice crop. This work aimed to estimate critical levels of P in waterlogged soils cultivated with rice using Mehlich 1 and anion exchange resin as soil-P extractors, compare the performance of these extractors as for the evaluation of the P availability, and study the soil-P fractions involved in the P nutrition of the rice crop. Studied soils consisted of four Histosols: Low Humic Gley (GP), Aluvial (A), Humic Gley (GH) and Bog Soil (O) which were previously cultivated with beans. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a factorial scheme, using four soils, five P rates (75, 150, 300, 500 and 800 mg dm-3) and two liming treatments (with and without liming), with three replicates. After 60 days of flooding, soil samples were submitted to P extraction by Mehlich 1 and resin, and phosphorous fractionation. Two rice plants were cultivated in pots containing 3 dm³ of waterlogged soils. The labile P and the moderately labile P of the soils contributed for rice nutrition. The two tested extractors presented efficiency in the evaluation of P availability for the rice cultivated in lowland waterlogged soils.

Improved Plant Diversity as a Strategy to Increase Available Soil Phosphorus

2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Crusciol ◽  
João Rigon ◽  
Juliano Calonego ◽  
Rogério Soratto
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Residue Decomposition ◽  
Available Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Crop Residue Decomposition

Some crop species could be used inside a cropping system as part of a strategy to increase soil P availability due to their capacity to recycle P and shift the equilibrium between soil P fractions to benefit the main crop. The release of P by crop residue decomposition, and mobilization and uptake of otherwise recalcitrant P are important mechanisms capable of increasing P availability and crop yields.

scholarly journals Microscale Heterogeneous Distribution and Speciation of Phosphorus in Soils Amended with Mineral Fertilizer and Cattle Manure Compost

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Noriko Yamaguchi ◽  
Toshiaki Ohkura ◽  
Atsuko Hikono ◽  
Yohey Hashimoto ◽  
Aomi Suda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spots ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Heterogeneous Distribution ◽  
Edge Structure ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Cattle Manure Compost ◽  
High Degree

Global concerns for the sustainability of agriculture have emphasized the need to reduce the use of mineral fertilizer. Although phosphorus (P) is accumulated in farmland soils due to the long-term application of fertilizer, most soil P is not readily available to plants. The chemical speciation of P in soils, which comprise heterogeneous microenvironments, cannot be evaluated with a high degree of specificity using only macroscopic analyses. In this study, we investigated the distribution and speciation of P accumulated in soils by using both macro- and microscopic techniques including chemical extraction, solution and solid-state 31P NMR, bulk- and micro- P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). Soil samples were collected from a field in which cabbage was cultivated under three amendment treatments: i) mineral fertilizer (NPK), ii) mineral fertilizer and compost (NPK + compost), and iii) mineral fertilizer plus compost but without nitrogen fertilizer (PK + compost). Macro-scale analyses suggested that accumulated P was predominantly inorganic P and associated with Al-bearing minerals. The repeated application of compost to the soils increased the proportion of P associated with Ca which accounted for 17% in the NPK + compost plot and 40% in the PK + compost plot. At the microscale, hot spots of P were heterogeneously distributed, and P was associated with Fe and Ca in hot spots of the NPK + compost (pH 6) and PK + compost (pH 7) treated samples, respectively. Our results indicate that application of compost contributed to creating diverse microenvironments hosting P in these soils.

scholarly journals Modifications of phosphorus in Latosol as a function of humic acids and acidity

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 488-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia H. Beck ◽  
Pedro A. V. Escosteguy ◽  
Deborah P. Dick
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Content

ABSTRACT The effect of humic acids (HA) on phosphorus (P) availability is still contradictory; thus, it is necessary to identify the conditions that play a crucial role in this effect. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of HA application, combined with doses of P, on the content of this nutrient in a Latosol with and without acidity correction. Two experiments were carried out, one with HA from peat and another with HA from mineral charcoal (leonardite). Doses of these acids (0; 1.12 and 5.62 mg C g-1 of soil) and P (26.2 and 104.7 mg P g-1 of soil, 1 and 4-fold higher than recommended, respectively) were tested at soil pH 4.5 and 7.0, in a three-factorial design. The soil was incubated for 20 days and the soil-P content was measured by Mehlich-1 and remaining-P tests. The effect of HAs on P availability varied with the P doses and soil acidity. Humic acids application increases P content in Latosol when P dose is higher than recommended and there is no acidity correction (pH 4.5). However, there is no effect of HAs application on soil-P content when applying the recommended amount of this nutrient, irrespective of the pH value.

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