Effect of wearing a helmet on the occurrence of head injuries in motorcycle riders in Benin: a case-control study

Abstract Background In Benin, motorcycles are the main means of transport for road users and are involved in more than half of crashes. This study aims to determine the effect of wearing a helmet on reducing head injuries in road crashes in Benin. Methods This case-control study took place in 2020 and focused on road trauma victims. The sample, consisting of 242 cases (trauma victims with head injuries) for 484 controls (without head injuries), was drawn from a database of traffic crash victims recruited from five hospitals across the country from July 2019 to January 2020. Four groups of independent variables were studied: socio-demographic and economic variables, history, behavioural variables including helmet use and road-related and environmental variables. To assess the shape of the association between the independent variables and the dependent variable, a descending step-by-step binary logistic regression model was performed using an explanatory approach. Results Fewer of the subjects with a head injury were wearing a helmet at the time of the crash 69.8% (95% CI = 63.6–75.6) compared to those without a head injury 90.3% (95% CI = 87.3–92.8). Adjusting for the other variables, subjects not wearing helmets were at greater risk of head injuries (OR = 3.8, 95% CI (2.5–5.7)); the head injury rating was 1.9 (95% CI = 1.2–3.3) times higher in subjects who were fatigued during the crash than among those who were not and 2.0 (95% CI = 1.2–3.3) times higher in subjects with no medical history. Conclusion Failure to wear a helmet exposes motorcyclists to the risk of head injuries during crashes. It is important to increase awareness and better target such initiatives at the subjects most at risk.

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Effect of wearing a helmet on the occurrence of head injuries in motorcycle riders in Benin: a case-control study nested in a cohort

10.21203/rs.3.rs-117833/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bella Adodo Hounkpe Dos Santos ◽

Yolaine Glele Ahanhanzo ◽

Alphonse Kpozehouen ◽

Donatien Daddah ◽

Emmanuel Lagarde ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Head Injury ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Head Injuries ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Case Control ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Road Users ◽

Trauma Victims ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background In Benin, motorcycles are the main means of transport for road users and are involved in more than half of crashes. This study aims to determine the effect of wearing a helmet on reducing head injuries in road crashes in Benin. Methods This case-control study nested in a cohort took place in 2020 and focused on road trauma victims. The sample, consisting of 242 cases (trauma victims with head injuries) for 484 controls (without head injuries), was drawn from a cohort of traffic crash victims recruited from five hospitals across the country from July 2019 to January 2020. Four groups of independent variables were studied: socio-demographic and economic variables, history, ²oural variables including helmet use and road-related and environmental variables. To assess the shape of the association between the independent variables and the dependent variable, a descending step-by-step binary logistic regression model was performed using an explanatory approach.. Results Fewer of the subjects with a head injury were wearing a helmet at the time of the crash 69.8% (95% CI = 63.6 - 75.6) compared to those without a head injury 90.3% (95% CI = 87.3 - 92.8). Adjusting for the other variables, subjects not wearing helmets were at greater risk of head injuries (OR = 3.8, 95% CI (2.5 - 5.7)); the head injury rating was 1.9 (95% CI = 1.2 - 3.3) times higher in subjects who were fatigued during the crash than among those who were not and 2.0 (95% CI = 1.2 - 3.3) times higher than in subjects with no medical history. Conclusion Failure to wear a helmet exposes motorcyclists to the risk of head injuries during crashes. It is important to increase awareness and better target such initiatives at the subjects most at risk.

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Effect of Wearing a Helmet on the Occurrence of Head Injuries in Motorcycle Riders in Benin: A Cohort-nested Case-control Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-117833/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Bella Adodo HOUNKPE DOS SANTOS ◽

Yolaine GLELE AHANHANZO ◽

Alphonse KPOZEHOUEN ◽

Donatien DADDAH ◽

EMMANUEL LAGARDE ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Head Injury ◽

Logistic Regression Model ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Head Injuries ◽

Case Control ◽

The Other ◽

Road Accidents ◽

Road Users ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background: In Benin, motorcycles are the main means of transport for road users and are involved in more than half of accidents. This study aims to determine the effect of wearing a helmet on reducing head injuries in road accidents in Benin.Methods: This cohort-nested case-control study took place in 2020 and focused on road trauma victims. The sample consisted of 242 cases for 484 controls. A logistic regression model was performed.Results: Fewer of the subjects with a head injury were wearing a helmet at the time of the accident 69.8% (95% CI = 63.6 - 75.6) compared to those without a head injury 90.3% (95% CI = 87.3 - 92.8). Adjusting for the other variables, subjects not wearing helmets were at greater risk of head injuries (OR = 3.8, 95% CI (2.5 - 5.7)); the head injury rating was 2.0 (95% CI = 1.2 - 3.2) times higher in subjects who were fatigued during the accident than among those who were not and 2.1 (95% CI = 1.2 - 3.3) times higher than in subjects with no medical history.Conclusion: Failure to wear a helmet exposes motorcyclists to the risk of head injuries during accidents. It is important to increase awareness and better target such initiatives at the subjects most at risk.

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Logistic Regression Analysis To Determine Cardiovascular Diseases Risk Factors A Hospital-Based Case-Control Study, 2019.

International Journal Of Medical Science And Clinical Invention ◽

10.18535/ijmsci/v7i09.03 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (09) ◽

pp. 4951-4959

Author(s):

Ebtehag Mustafa ◽

Ahmed Alnory

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Case Control ◽

Renal Diseases ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽

Explanatory Variables ◽

Control Study

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the preventable causes of death in the world since the majority of its risk factors are controllable. A hospital-based case-control study was conducted and carried out in Gezira state (Wad Medani heart Centre ), Data collection lasted for almost one year (From 2018 To 2019), via structured face-to-face interviews of 800 patients in Wad Medani heart hospital, A several of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases were measured on 750 patients cases and 50 patients control. A Binary logistic regression model was adopted to examine the multiplicative effects of Pathological, socio-economic and demographic variables as explanatory variables. The study showed that the most important causes leading to cardiovascular diseases are smoking with (9.84) times odds, followed by patients suffering from renal diseases with (6.19) times odds, in addition to drinking alcoholic with (3.62) times odds. The study recommended not smoking, avoiding alcohol and dealing well with chronic diseases.

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Prevalence of Balance Impairment and Factors Associated with Balance among Patients with Stroke. A Cross Sectional Retrospective Case Control Study

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9030320 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 320

Author(s):

Fayaz Khan ◽

Mohamed Faisal Chevidikunnan

Keyword(s):

Case Control Study ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Berg Balance Scale ◽

Case Control ◽

Knee Extensors ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Balance Impairment ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Control Study

Stroke is a major cause of disability worldwide, and balance impairments are common disabling factors in patients with stroke, leading to falls. Thus, the study objectives were as follows: (i) To find the prevalence of balance impairment among patients with stroke. (ii) To find out the factors associated with balance impairment in patients with stroke. This cross-sectional retrospective case control study involved eighty-one post stroke patients with a mean age of 58.36 ± 14.06, recruited from six hospitals, who underwent an assessment of balance, walking speed, depression and isometric strength of the ankle and knee. These patients were later categorized into subjects with good balance (<45) in the Berg balance scale (BBS) and those with poor balance (≥45), as cases and controls, to assess the factors associated with balance impairment using binary logistic regression. The prevalence of balance impairment among patients with stroke was 48.1%. The reduction in power of knee flexors (OR = 0.858), knee extensors (OR = 0.880) and ankle dorsiflexors (OR = 0.820) was found to be significantly associated with balance impairment, along with speed (OR = 1.187 (95% CI = 1.100, 1.280)), depression (OR = 1.331 (95% CI = 1.055–1.679)) and activities of daily living (OR = 0.313 (95% CI = 0.150–0.650)). In summary, around half of the patients with stroke exhibited balance impairments, with females being more prone.

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Genetic association of TOLLIP gene polymorphisms and HIV infection: a case-control study

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-021-06303-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ming-Gui Wang ◽

Jing Wang ◽

Jian-Qing He

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Gene Polymorphisms ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Case Control ◽

Additive Models ◽

Chinese Han ◽

Interacting Protein ◽

Control Study ◽

Age And Sex

Abstract Background Previous studies have indicated that host genetic factors play an essential role in immunity to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We aimed to investigate the association between the toll-interacting protein (TOLLIP) and mannose-binding lectin 2 (MBL2) genes and HIV infection susceptibility among Chinese Han patients. Methods This is a case-control study. A total of 435 HIV-infected patients and 1013 seronegative healthy individuals were recruited. DNA was extracted from whole blood. Two SNPs in the MBL2 gene (rs7096206 and rs1800450) and three SNPs in the TOLLIP gene (rs5743899, rs3750920, and rs5743867) were selected and genotyped using a SNPscan Kit (Cat#: G0104, Genesky Biotechnologies Inc., Shanghai, China). Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using unconditional binary logistic regression. Results A significant association between the minor alleles rs5743899 (C allele) and rs5743867 (G allele) in the TOLLIP gene and susceptibility to HIV infection was found in this study after adjusting for age and sex (Pa = 0.011 and < 0.001, respectively). The rs5743867 in the TOLLIP gene was significantly associated with the risk of HIV infection in dominant, recessive, and additive models when adjusted for age and sex (Pa < 0.05). No significant association was found between MBL2 gene polymorphisms and HIV infection. Conclusion Our study found a statistically significant association between the two SNPs (rs5743867 and rs5743899) in the TOLLIP gene and susceptibility to HIV infection in a Chinese Han population.

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Association between insulin resistance and left ventricular hypertrophy in asymptomatic, Black, sub-Saharan African, hypertensive patients: a case–control study

BMC Cardiovascular Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12872-020-01829-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Bernard Kianu Phanzu ◽

Aliocha Nkodila Natuhoyila ◽

Eleuthère Kintoki Vita ◽

Jean-René M’Buyamba Kabangu ◽

Benjamin Longo-Mbenza

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Hypertensive Patients ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background Conflicting information exists regarding the association between insulin resistance (IR) and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). We described the associations between obesity, fasting insulinemia, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and LVH in Black patients with essential hypertension. Methods A case–control study was conducted at the Centre Médical de Kinshasa (CMK), the Democratic Republic of the Congo, between January and December 2019. Cases and controls were hypertensive patients with and without LVH, respectively. The relationships between obesity indices, physical inactivity, glucose metabolism and lipid disorder parameters, and LVH were assessed using linear and logistic regression analyses in simple and univariate exploratory analyses, respectively. When differences were observed between LVH and independent variables, the effects of potential confounders were studied through the use of multiple linear regression and in conditional logistic regression in multivariate analyses. The coefficients of determination (R2), adjusted odds ratios (aORs), and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated to determine associations between LVH and the independent variables. Results Eighty-eight LVH cases (52 men) were compared against 132 controls (81 men). Variation in left ventricular mass (LVM) could be predicted by the following variables: age (19%), duration of hypertension (31.3%), body mass index (BMI, 44.4%), waist circumference (WC, 42.5%), glycemia (20%), insulinemia (44.8%), and HOMA-IR (43.7%). Hypertension duration, BMI, insulinemia, and HOMA-IR explained 68.3% of LVM variability in the multiple linear regression analysis. In the logistic regression model, obesity increased the risk of LVH by threefold [aOR 2.8; 95% CI (1.06–7.4); p = 0.038], and IR increased the risk of LVH by eightfold [aOR 8.4; 95 (3.7–15.7); p < 0.001]. Conclusion Obesity and IR appear to be the primary predictors of LVH in Black sub-Saharan African hypertensive patients. The comprehensive management of cardiovascular risk factors should be emphasized, with particular attention paid to obesity and IR. A prospective population-based study of Black sub-Saharan individuals that includes the use of serial imaging remains essential to better understand subclinical LV deterioration over time and to confirm the role played by IR in Black sub-Saharan individuals with hypertension.

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