Newly designed multi-stacked circular tray solid-state bioreactor: analysis of a distributed parameter gas balance during solid-state fermentation with influence of variable initial moisture content arrangements

Ability of two strains ofAspergillus terreus(ATCC 74135 and ATCC 20542) for production of lovastatin in solid state fermentation (SSF) using rice straw (RS) and oil palm frond (OPF) was investigated. Results showed that RS is a better substrate for production of lovastatin in SSF. Maximum production of lovastatin has been obtained usingA. terreusATCC 74135 and RS as substrate without additional nitrogen source (157.07 mg/kg dry matter (DM)). Although additional nitrogen source has no benefit effect on enhancing the lovastatin production using RS substrate, it improved the lovastatin production using OPF with maximum production of 70.17 and 63.76 mg/kg DM forA. terreusATCC 20542 andA. terreusATCC 74135, respectively (soybean meal as nitrogen source). Incubation temperature, moisture content, and particle size had shown significant effect on lovastatin production (P<0.01) and inoculums size and pH had no significant effect on lovastatin production (P>0.05). Results also have shown that pH 6, 25°C incubation temperature, 1.4 to 2 mm particle size, 50% initial moisture content, and 8 days fermentation time are the best conditions for lovastatin production in SSF. Maximum production of lovastatin using optimized condition was 175.85 and 260.85 mg/kg DM forA. terreusATCC 20542 and ATCC 74135, respectively, using RS as substrate.

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Efficient Production of Laccase from Armillariella tabescens by Solid State Fermentation

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1010-1012.42 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1010-1012 ◽

pp. 42-47

Author(s):

Jun Yao He ◽

Xuan Yi Ye ◽

Qing Zhi Ling ◽

Li Hui Dong

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Nitrogen Source ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

Initial Moisture Content ◽

Nitrogen Sources ◽

Solid Substrate ◽

Laccase Production ◽

Efficient Production ◽

Operational Variables

The production of laccase by solid-state fermentation (SSF) usingArmillariella tabescenswas studied. Wheat bran was selected to be the most suitable solid substrate. Several operational variables including nitrogen source, moisture content, copper and aromatic inducers were investigated. The results showed that the complex nitrogen sources, NH4NO3coupled with peptone was shown to be the best nitrogen source. 75% of initial moisture content was proved to be appropriate. Copper significantly influenced the laccase production and the yield of laccase was improved by addition of 1.5 mM copper sulphate in the medium. Guaiacol efficiently induced the laccase production and the enzyme yield (24500U/g) was enhanced by 32% compared with he control without any aromatic inducers. Efficient production of laccase fromA. tabescenscan be achieved by solid-state fermentation.

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Simulation of Lovastatin Production in Solid-State Fermentation via Oil Palm Frond

Journal of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology ◽

10.15282/jceib.v7i2.6755 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 7-10

Author(s):

N. A. Nata ◽

F. Mohd Said ◽

S. Md Shaarani@Md Nawi ◽

N. Harun

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Process Model ◽

Initial Moisture Content ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Blood Cholesterol ◽

Oil Palm Frond ◽

Palm Frond

Lovastatin is a potent drug for lowering the blood cholesterol. It is a competitive inhibitor of 3-hyroxy3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, which is a key enzyme in the cholesterol production pathway. Lovastatin increases the good cholesterol or high-density lipoproteins to prevent the formation of plaque inside the blood vessels. This study aims to develop a process model of lovastatin production, produced by Monascus purpureus under solid-state fermentation using oil palm frond. SuperPro Design V9.5 software was used to develop and simulate the process model. Three parameters which are initial moisture content, composition of peptone and potassium, were varied to investigate their effects on lovastatin production. The optimum condition simulated using the process model at pH 7 with 60% initial moisture content, 0.0075 kg/hr of potassium, and 0.0075 kg/hr of peptone was able to produce 0.0288 kg/kg of lovastatin. The simulated results show good agreement with experimental work, with low percentage error of 5.77%, and provide a good approximation on the production of lovastatin under various process operating conditions.

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Optimization of Red Pigment Production by Solid State Fermentation Using Oil Palm Frond

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1025.150 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1025 ◽

pp. 150-156

Author(s):

Nur Fathin Shamirah Daud ◽

Farhan Mohd Said ◽

Nur Hidayah Mat Yasin ◽

Mior Ahmad Khusairi Mohd Zahari

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Initial Moisture Content ◽

Aeration Rate ◽

Monascus Purpureus ◽

Red Pigments ◽

Oil Palm Frond ◽

Palm Frond

Extensive study available on Monascus in solid-state fermentation (SSF), however, optimization study of Monascus sp. cultivated in stirred drum bioreactor is insufficiently reported. In this study, the Box–Behnken design (BBD) was employed for the analysis of the simultaneous effect of initial moisture content, aeration rate and peptone concentration to the red pigments production of Monascus purpureus FTC 5357 by using oil palm frond (OPF) in 5 L stirred drum bioreactor. A three-parameters, three-level BBD was used for the optimization. Based on the ANOVA analysis performed, initial moisture content, aeration rate and peptone concentration contributed significantly to the red pigments production. The optimal fermentation conditions resulted were initial moisture content; 70 % w/w, aeration rate; 1.30 vvm and peptone concentration; 4.40 % w/w. Under these conditions, the red pigments production were obtained to be 18.59 Au/g.d. The red pigments produced through SSF using OPF as a substrate by Monascus purpureus FTC 5357 has a great potential to be utilized as a source of pigment for food in future.

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Optimization of Protease from Aspergillus Niger under Solid-State Fermentation Utilizing Shrimp Shell Substrate

Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry ◽

10.33263/briac116.1480914824 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 14809-14824

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

Incubation Temperature ◽

Proteolytic Enzymes ◽

Initial Moisture Content ◽

Inoculum Size ◽

Protease Production ◽

Shrimp Shell

Proteases, also known as proteinases or proteolytic enzymes, belong to a group of hydrolases. It can be applied in numerous fields and industries. Solid-state fermentation (SSF) is recognized as an effective method to produce protease. The ultimate aim of this study is to optimize the production of protease from Aspergillus niger under solid-state fermentation (SSF) by utilizing shrimp shell powder as a solid substrate. It was found that the produced protease from SSF was slightly alkaline. The correlation between factors operating parameters (incubation temperature, inoculum size, moisture content) for enzyme production is analyzed using statistical software, Minitab 16. A 23 full factorial experimental design was employed, and the enzyme produced was optimized by the method of desirability function. The optimal conditions for protease production of 3.7 U/mg were 35 °C of incubation temperature, 60% of initial moisture content, and 1.0 inoculum size. It is concluded that SSF protease was successfully produced from Aspergillus niger by utilizing shrimp waste as substrate. Through optimization study, moisture content, the interaction between incubation temperature and moisture content, interaction between moisture content and inoculum size significantly impact protease production.

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Spent Coffee Waste as a Potential Media Component for Xylanase Production and Potential Application in Juice Enrichment

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods8110585 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 585 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Rajeev Ravindran ◽

Gwilym A. Williams ◽

Amit K. Jaiswal

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

Initial Moisture Content ◽

Medium Composition ◽

Xylanase Production ◽

Box Behnken Design ◽

Fermentation Conditions ◽

Coffee Waste ◽

Media Component

In this study, spent coffee waste (SCW) was used as the sole carbon source for xylanase production in solid state fermentation mode using Aspergillus niger. A Box–Behnken design was constructed using three parameters viz. temperature, initial moisture content, and log number of spores to determine the optimal fermentation condition. The best fermentation conditions for xylanase production were found to be incubation at 30 °C with an initial moisture content of 70% and using an inoculum of 6.5 × 106 spores/g of dry SCW. Furthermore, the design of experiments revealed that maintaining a medium composition of 0.2 g of yeast extract, 0.04 g of K2HPO4, and 0.03 g of MgSO4 increased xylanase production. Under optimised solid-state fermentation conditions an enzyme activity of 6495.6 IU/g of dry SCW was recorded, which was approximately 1.39-fold higher than that of control (4649 IU/g of dry SCW). The efficacy of the purified xylanase as a juice enrichment agent for strawberry, blueberry, and raspberry pulp was tested.

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Production of L-glutaminase From Agro-industrial Waste by Halomonas Elongata MM-5 Under Solid State Fermentation

10.21203/rs.3.rs-648562/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammed Mujahed ◽

Dhiraj G Jirgale ◽

Basavraj M Kareppa

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Initial Moisture Content ◽

Nitrogen Sources ◽

Malt Extract ◽

Inoculum Level ◽

Bengal Gram ◽

Halomonas Elongata

Abstract In this study L-glutaminase production by extremely halotolerant Halomonas elongata MM-5 using solid-state fermentation was investigated. Screening of a variety of agro-industrial byproducts such as rice husk, green gram husk, bengal gram husk, red gram husk, safflower oil cake, groundnut oil cake, black gram husk, groundnut skin and wheat bran was carried out individually and in different combinations. Optimization of various physicochemical parameters namely incubation time, pH, temperature, initial moisture content, carbon sources, nitrogen sources, L-glutamine concentration and inoculum level was carried out. Among the various substrates screened individually red gram husk supported the maximum production of enzyme 79.03±0.49 IU/gds. In the mixture of substrates screened red gram husk and bengal gram husk in the ratio (60:40) showed maximum 92.06±1.42 IU/gds enzyme production. The L-glutaminase production was maximum after 4 days of incubation period, pH 8, temperature 40°C and 80 percent moisture content. The lactose and malt extract used as carbon and nitrogen sources respectively supported the maximum yield of L-glutaminase. After screening and optimization of various parameters, the yield of L-glutaminase increased from 79.03 to 159.12 IU/gds.

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OPTIMISASI PRODUKSI ENZIM LAKASE PADA FERMENTASI KULTUR PADAT MENGGUNAKAN JAMUR PELAPUK PUTIH Marasmius sp. : PENGARUH UKURAN PARTIKEL, KELEMBAPAN, DAN KONSENTRASI Cu

JURNAL SELULOSA ◽

10.25269/jsel.v3i02.45 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (02) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cornelius Damar Hanung ◽

Ronald Osmond ◽

Hendro Risdianto ◽

Sri Harjati Suhardi ◽

Tjandra Setiadi

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Solid State ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Rice Straw ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

White Rot Fungi ◽

Batch Process ◽

Solid Substrate ◽

White Rot

White rot fungi of Marasmius sp. is a fungus which produce laccase in high activity. Laccase is one of the ligninolityc enzymes that capable to degrade lignin. This ability can be used for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials in the bioethanol production. Laccase was produced in flask by batch process using Solid State Fermentation (SSF). The optimisation was conducted by statistically of full factorial design. The particle size, moisture content, and Cu concentration were investigated in this study. Rice straw was used as solid substrate and the glycerol was used as the carbon sources in modified Kirk medium. The results showed that particle size of rice straw did not affect significantly to the enzyme activity. The highest laccase activity of 4.45 IU/g dry weight was obtained at the moisture content of 61% and Cu concentration of 0.1 mM.Keywords: laccase, Marasmius sp., optimisation, rice straw, solid state fermentation ABSTRAKJamur pelapuk putih, Marasmius sp. merupakan jamur yang menghasilkan enzim lakase dengan aktivitas tinggi. Lakase merupakan enzim ligninolitik yang dapat mendegradasi lignin. Kemampuan ini dapat digunakan untuk proses pengolahan awal bahan lignoselulosa pada pembuatan bioetanol. Produksi lakase dilakukan dalam labu dengan modus batch menggunakan fermentasi kultur padat. Optimisasi produksi enzim lakase dengan metode fermentasi padat dilakukan dengan rancangan percobaan faktorial penuh. Pengaruh ukuran partikel, kelembapan, dan konsentrasi Cu diuji dengan medium penyangga jerami dengan menambahkan gliserol dalam medium Kirk termodifikasi sebagai sumber karbon. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ukuran jerami tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap aktivitas enzim. Aktivitas enzim lakase maksimum terjadi pada saat kelembapan 61% dan konsentrasi Cu 0,1 mM dengan aktivitas enzim lakase/berat kering tertinggi mencapai 4,45 IU/g.Kata kunci: lakase, Marasmius sp., optimisasi, jerami, fermentasi kultur padat

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Optimization of Lipase Production in Solid-State Fermentation by Rhizopus Arrhizus in Nutrient Medium Containing Agroindustrial Wastes

The Open Biotechnology Journal ◽

10.2174/1874070701812010189 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 189-203 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Georgi Dobrev ◽

Hristina Strinska ◽

Anelia Hambarliiska ◽

Boriana Zhekova ◽

Valentina Dobreva

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Solid State Fermentation ◽

Lipase Activity ◽

Nutrient Medium ◽

Solid Medium ◽

Low Cost ◽

Lipase Production ◽

Rhizopus Arrhizus ◽

Agroindustrial Wastes

Background: Rhizopus arrhizus is a potential microorganism for lipase production. Solid-state fermentation is used for microbial biosynthesis of enzymes, due to advantages, such as high productivity, utilization of abundant and low-cost raw materials, and production of enzymes with different catalytic properties. Objective: The objective of the research is optimization of the conditions for lipase production in solid-state fermentation by Rhizopus arrhizus in a nutrient medium, containing agroindustrial wastes. Method: Biosynthesis of lipase in solid-state fermentation by Rhizopus arrhizus was investigated. The effect of different solid substrates, additional carbon and nitrogen source, particles size and moisture content of the medium on enzyme production was studied. Response surface methodology was applied for determination of the optimal values of moisture content and tryptone concentration. A procedure for efficient lipase extraction from the fermented solids was developed. Results: Highest lipase activity was achieved when wheat bran was used as a solid substrate. The addition of 1% (w/w) glucose and 5% (w/w) tryptone to the solid medium significantly increased lipase activity. The structure of the solid medium including particles size and moisture content significantly influenced lipase production. A mathematical model for the effect of moisture content and tryptone concentration on lipase activity was developed. Highest enzyme activity was achieved at 66% moisture and 5% (w/w) tryptone. The addition of the non-ionic surfactant Disponyl NP 3070 in the eluent for enzyme extraction from the fermented solids increased lipase activity about three folds. Conclusion: After optimization of the solid-state fermentation the achieved 1021.80 U/g lipase activity from Rhizopus arrhizus was higher and comparable with the activity of lipases, produced by other fungal strains. The optimization of the conditions and the use of low cost components in solid-state fermentation makes the process economicaly effective for production of lipase from the investigated strain Rhizopus arrhizus.

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