scholarly journals Vitamin C ameliorates tetrahydrocannabinol-induced spermatotoxicity in-vitro

BMC Nutrition ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullateef Isiaka Alagbonsi ◽  
Luqman Aribidesi Olayaki
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Spermatozoa Motility ◽  
Progressive Motility ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
In Vitro Effects ◽  
Lateral Head

Abstract Background We investigated the in-vitro effects of vitamin C on delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) -induced reduction in spermatozoa motility and kinematics. Methods Six rats were used for the study. Semen from each of the 6 rats was randomly divided into 6 groups such that each rat’s semen was in all of the groups. Groups I-III received placebo, THC (1 mM), and vitamin C (5 mM) respectively. Group IV was pre-treated with cannabinoid receptors’ blockers (CBs−) 1 and 2, followed by THC. Groups V and VI received THC and vitamin C, but group VI was additionally pre-treated with CBs−. Results The spermatozoa progressive motility, average path velocity (VAP), curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight-line velocity (VSL), amplitude of lateral head (ALH) and beat cross frequency (BCF) were reduced by THC (6.08 ± 1.16%; 5.64 ± 0.82 μm/s; 6.96 ± 0.74 μm/s; 2.75 ± 0.23 μm/s; 0.31 ± 0.02 μm; and 0.78 ± 0.08 Hz respectively) but increased by vitamin C (51.20 ± 1.32%; 17.90 ± 0.21 μm/s; 25.11 ± 0.96 μm/s; 8.80 ± 0.27 μm/s; 0.75 ± 0.01 μm; and 3.15 ± 0.03 Hz respectively) when compared to control (39.72 ± 0.38%; 13.70 ± 0.29 μm/s; 18.04 ± 0.58 μm/s; 7.54 ± 0.34 μm/s; 0.65 ± 0.02 μm; and 2.79 ± 0.01 Hz respectively). Vitamin C inhibited the THC-induced reduction in these parameters (37.36 ± 0.73%; 10.98 ± 0.45 μm/s; 13.58 ± 0.30 μm/s; 7.11 ± 0.22 μm/s; 0.58 ± 0.01 μm; and 2.60 ± 0.01 Hz respectively) in the absence of CBs− 1 and 2, and even caused additional increases in progressive motility (49.54 ± 1.01%), VAP (15.70 ± 0.38 μm/s) and VCL (22.53 ± 0.29 μm/s) above the control levels with CBs−. Conclusion Vitamin C ameliorates the THC-induced reduction in spermatozoa motility in-vitro by modulation of their kinematics.

scholarly journals Vitamin C ameliorates tetrahydrocannabinol-induced spermatotoxicity in-vitro

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullateef Isiaka Alagbonsi ◽  
Luqman Aribidesi Olayaki
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Spermatozoa Motility ◽  
Progressive Motility ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Lateral Head

Abstract Background: We investigated the in-vitro effects of vitamin C on delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) -induced reduction in spermatozoa motility and kinematics. Methods: Six rats were used for the study. Semen from each of the 6 rats was randomly divided into 6 groups such that each rat’s semen was in all of the groups. Groups I-III received placebo, THC (1 mM), and vitamin C (5 mM) respectively. Group IV was pretreated with cannabinoid receptors’ blockers (CBs-) 1 and 2, followed by THC. Groups V and VI received THC and vitamin C, but group VI was additionally pre-treated with CBs-. Results: The spermatozoa progressive motility, average path velocity (VAP), curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight-line velocity (VSL), amplitude of lateral head (ALH) and beat cross frequency (BCF) were reduced by THC (6.08±1.16%; 5.64±0.82 µm/s; 6.96±0.74 µm/s; 2.75±0.23 µm/s; 0.31±0.02 µm; and 0.78±0.08 Hz respectively) but increased by vitamin C (51.20±1.32 %; 17.90±0.21 µm/s; 25.11±0.96 µm/s; 8.80±0.27 µm/s; 0.75±0.01 µm; and 3.15±0.03 Hz respectively) when compared to control (39.72±0.38 %; 13.70±0.29 µm/s; 18.04±0.58 µm/s; 7.54±0.34 µm/s; 0.65±0.02 µm; and 2.79±0.01 Hz respectively). Vitamin C inhibited the THC-induced reduction in these parameters (37.36±0.73 %; 10.98±0.45 µm/s; 13.58±0.30 µm/s; 7.11±0.22 µm/s; 0.58±0.01 µm; and 2.60±0.01 Hz respectively) in the absence of CBs- 1 and 2, and even caused additional increases in progressive motility (49.54±1.01 %), VAP (15.70±0.38 µm/s) and VCL (22.53±0.29 µm/s) above the control levels with CBs-.Conclusion: Vitamin C ameliorates the THC-induced reduction in spermatozoa motility in-vitro by modulation of their kinematics.

scholarly journals Vitamin C ameliorates tetrahydrocannabinol-induced spermatotoxicity in-vitro

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullateef Isiaka Alagbonsi ◽  
Luqman Aribidesi Olayaki
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Spermatozoa Motility ◽  
Progressive Motility ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Lateral Head

Abstract Background: We investigated the in-vitro effects of vitamin C on delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-induced reduction in spermatozoa motility and kinematics. Methods: Six rats were used for the study. Semen from each of the 6 rats was randomly divided into 6 groups such that each rat’s semen was in all of the groups. Groups I-III received placebo, THC (1 mM), and vitamin C (5 mM) respectively. Group IV was pretreated with cannabinoid receptors’ blockers (CBs-) 1 and 2, followed by THC. Groups V and VI received THC and vitamin C, but group VI was additionally pre-treated with CBs-. Results: The spermatozoa progressive motility, average path velocity (VAP), curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight-line velocity (VSL), amplitude of lateral head (ALH) and beat cross frequency (BCF) were reduced by THC (6.08±1.16%; 5.64±0.82 µm/s; 6.96±0.74 µm/s; 2.75±0.23 µm/s; 0.31±0.02 µm; and 0.78±0.08 Hz respectively) but increased by vitamin C (51.20±1.32 %; 17.90±0.21 µm/s; 25.11±0.96 µm/s; 8.80±0.27 µm/s; 0.75±0.01 µm; and 3.15±0.03 Hz respectively) when compared to control (39.72±0.38 %; 13.70±0.29 µm/s; 18.04±0.58 µm/s; 7.54±0.34 µm/s; 0.65±0.02 µm; and 2.79±0.01 Hz respectively). Vitamin C inhibited the THC-induced reduction in these parameters (37.36±0.73 %; 10.98±0.45 µm/s; 13.58±0.30 µm/s; 7.11±0.22 µm/s; 0.58±0.01 µm; and 2.60±0.01 Hz respectively) in the absence of CBs- 1 and 2, and even caused additional increases in progressive motility (49.54±1.01 %), VAP (15.70±0.38 µm/s) and VCL (22.53±0.29 µm/s) above the control levels with CBs-.Conclusion: Vitamin C ameliorates the THC-induced reduction in spermatozoa motility in-vitro by modulation of their kinematics.

scholarly journals Vitamin C Ameliorates Tetrahydrocannabinol-Induced Spermatotoxicity In-Vitro

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullateef Isiaka Alagbonsi ◽  
Luqman Aribidesi Olayaki
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
Group V ◽  
Progressive Motility ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Lateral Head

Abstract Background: We investigated the in-vitro effects of vitamin C on delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-induced reduction in sperm motility and kinematics. Methods: Rats semen were randomly divided into 5 groups. Groups I-III received placebo, THC (1 mM), and vitamin C (5 mM) respectively. Groups IV and V received THC and vitamin C, but group V was additionally pre-treated with cannabinoid receptors’ blockers (CBs-) 1 (SR141716) and 2 (AM-630). Results: The sperm progressive motility, average path velocity (VAP), curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight-line velocity (VSL), amplitude of lateral head (ALH) and beat cross frequency (BCF) were reduced by THC but increased by vitamin C when compared to control. Vitamin C inhibited the THC-induced reduction in these parameters in the absence of CBs- 1 and 2, and even caused additional increases in progressive motility, VAP and VCL above the control levels with CBs-. Conclusion: In conclusion, vitamin C ameliorates THC-induced reduction in sperm motility in-vitro by modulation of sperm kinematics.

scholarly journals The Immune Endocannabinoid System of the Tumor Microenvironment

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 8929
Author(s):  
Melanie Kienzl ◽  
Julia Kargl ◽  
Rudolf Schicho
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Tumor Progression ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
In Vitro Effects

Leukocytes are part of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and are critical determinants of tumor progression. Because of the immunoregulatory properties of cannabinoids, the endocannabinoid system (ECS) may have an important role in shaping the TME. Members of the ECS, an entity that consists of cannabinoid receptors, endocannabinoids and their synthesizing/degrading enzymes, have been associated with both tumor growth and rejection. Immune cells express cannabinoid receptors and produce endocannabinoids, thereby forming an “immune endocannabinoid system”. Although in vitro effects of exogenous cannabinoids on immune cells are well described, the role of the ECS in the TME, and hence in tumor development and immunotherapy, is still elusive. This review/opinion discusses the possibility that the “immune endocannabinoid system” can fundamentally influence tumor progression. The widespread influence of cannabinoids on immune cell functions makes the members of the ECS an interesting target that could support immunotherapy.

scholarly journals In Vitro Effects of Vitamin and Mineral Supplements on Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Some ESKAPE Pathogens

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Osmond C. Ekwebelem ◽  
David C. Ekwe ◽  
Emmanuel A. Eze
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Mineral Supplements ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
In Vitro Effects ◽  
Eskape Pathogens

Background: Antibiotics once seen as miracle drugs are now becoming inefficient in treating various bacterial diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of vitamin and mineral supplements on the antibiogram profile of some of the multidrug-resistant bacteria, which the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) has dubbed ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp), the predominant cause of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). Methodology: The in vitro effects were evaluated using the disc diffusion (Kirby-Bauer) technique. All test bacteria were inoculated onto Mueller-Hinton agar (MHA), supplemented with varying concentrations (2.5, 5, 10, 20, and 25 mg/ml) of vitamin (A, C, or E) and mineral (calcium or iron). Agar without supplements served as the control. The effects of vitamin and mineral supplements were determined by measuring the zones of inhibition to the nearest millimeter as compared to the control. Result: Zones of inhibition for nalidixic acid and ampicillin on P. aeruginosa significantly increased from 5mm to 32mm and 0mm to 18mm respectively, with increasing concentration of vitamin C. Similarly, nalidixic acid and ampicillin zones of inhibition on P. aeruginosa increased from 5mm to 12mm and 0mm to 18mm respectively, with increasing concentration of vitamin A. Vitamin C resulted in significant decreases in all of the zones of inhibition for all antibiotics against E. coli, except reflacine and ciproflox. Varying concentrations of iron led to a sharp decrease in the zones of inhibition for all antibiotics against S. aureus and K. pneumonia. Significant changes were also observed in all zones of inhibitions for all antibiotics studied under varying concentrations of calcium. Conclusion: The effects of vitamin and mineral supplements appear to be important but concentration-dependent. However, there is a need to evaluate the in vivo effects of these vitamin and mineral supplements.

scholarly journals Estimation of vitamin C human protective dose for acetaminophen toxicity, using acute animal toxicity study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mudhaffar I. Al-Farras ◽  
Khalid K. Abdul-Razzak ◽  
Mohammed Yacoub ◽  
Wael M. Hananeh
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Group V ◽  
Liver Histopathology ◽  
Toxic Damage ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Acetaminophen (APAP) is the main cause of fulminant hepatic failure. Vitamin C is a natural antioxidant with protective potentials against APAP toxic damage. In this animal study, and after an LD50 determination and selection of suitable lethal dose, the investigation was done to select a proper protective dose of vitamin C against lethal APAP dose. All 6 animal groups received a lethal dose of APAP (3250 mg/kg), group II, III and IV received 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg vitamin C respectively, group V received 1200 mg/kg N-Acetylcysteine (NAC), and group VI receive 1000 mg/kg vitamin C and 1200 mg/kg NAC. Mortality was recorded and liver histopathology was carried out. The results showed, the mortality rate in the group I was 68.75% and 37.5%, 31.25% in group II and III respectively, while group IV Showed a higher mortality rate and in group V and VI it was 25%. There was also a gradual reduction in the grade of histopathological damage in all groups, ranging from 2.4 ± 0.55 in group I to 0.4 ± 0.55 in group V and VI. In conclusion, vitamin C showed an increasing reduction in mortality and more histopathological protection, and it was more significant at 1000 mg/kg. NAC adds no more protection or reduction in mortality. The estimated protective dose of vitamin C was 700 to1127 mg for each gram of APAP. Incorporation of this dose of vitamin C with APAP preparations may be considered as a promising method for reducing mortality or severity of APAP intoxication.

scholarly journals Efecto de la composición racial sobre la calidad espermática de verracos

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Valverde-Abarca ◽  
Mónica Madrigal-Valverde ◽  
Marlen Camacho-Calvo ◽  
Adones Zambrana-Jiménez ◽  
Leonardo López
Keyword(s):  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Active Movement ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Swine Farms ◽  
Progressive Motility ◽  
Head Displacement ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Lateral Head

The assessment of the semen quality is an essential tool to improve the reproductive indexes in swine farms. The motility is the most important parameter that used in the sperm quality evaluation because it is associated with the energy of the spermatozoon. The aim of this research was to determine the influence of breed composition on reproductive variables of sperm quality, kinetics and semen motility in boars. During 2016, 240 ejaculates were collected from 63 boars with a mean age of 24.4±10.9 months. Six racial groups were identified: Duroc (D), Yorkshire (Y), Landrace (L), F1 Pietrain*Duroc (PD) and two genetic lines (LA and LB). The breeds with the highest ejaculate volume presented a higher total number of spermatozoa (P<0.05). The effect of the breed was significant (P<0.05) on sperm kinetics variables except for amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH, μm). The Landrace breed presented the highest (P<0.05) percentage of static sperm (29.30±1.57). The most relevant differences (P<0.05) for total motility (MTOT) and progressive motility (MP), were presented between L and PD with values of 70.71±1.57; 77.48±1.09 and 51.80±1.97; 59.85±1.37% respectively. Adult boars (≥18 months) had higher volumes of ejaculate and total number of sperm than boars in the intermediate and young ages, however, for velocities (μm/s): curvilinear (VCL), straight line (VSL) and average path (VAP), adult boars only were different (P<0.05) of the boars in-between ages. Four sperm subpopulations (SP) were identified, SP1 (46.83%) characterized by a moderate speed, but of very progressive motility, SP2 (14.78%) with active movement, but not progressive, SP3 (8.45%) with low speeds and progressive path and SP4 (29.94%) with quick movement, but without progressivity.

scholarly journals Effect of three commercial extenders on sperm motility and fertility in liquid ram semen stored at 15 °C or 5 °C

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-444
Author(s):  
Ander Arando ◽  
Juan Vicente Delgado ◽  
José Manuel León ◽  
Sergio Nogales ◽  
Francisco Javier Navas-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Soybean Lecithin ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Progressive Motility ◽  
Head Displacement ◽  
Liquid Storage ◽  
Lateral Head

The effect of different extenders on sperm motility and fertility was evaluated during liquid storage of ram semen at 5 °C and 15 °C. The semen was collected, pooled and diluted in three commercial extenders: Inra 96® (INRA) based on skimmed milk, Biladyl® A fraction (BIL) based on egg yolk, and Ovixcell® (OVIX) based on soybean lecithin. Then, sperm motility was evaluated at 0, 6, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. In order to evaluate fertility, samples stored at 15 °C were used after dilution in INRA and OVIX. Results showed that progressive motility was significantly higher up to 72 h of storage in sperm samples maintained at 5 °C in comparison with 15 °C, similarly for each tested diluent. When samples were stored at 5 °C in OVIX, kinematic parameters such as velocity (except curvilinear velocity, VCL), trajectory [linearity (LIN), straightness (STR), wobble (WOB)], amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH) and beat/cross frequency (BCF) were higher than in INRA and BIL. No significant differences in pregnancy rate were detected between INRA (62.6%) and OVIX (58.9%). In conclusion, liquid storage at 5 °C with OVIX extender is an interesting option since non-animal components are used, and this extender offers similar in vitro and in vivo efficacy as other extenders containing animal components.

scholarly journals IN VITRO EFFECTS OF ISOQUERCITRIN ON SELECTED VITALITY MARKERS OF BOVINE SPERMATOZOA

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Filip Benko ◽  
Hana Greifová ◽  
Eva Tvrdá
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Movement Activity ◽  
Spermatozoa Motility ◽  
Physiological Saline Solution ◽  
Bovine Spermatozoa ◽  
In Vitro Effects

The aim of this study was to evaluate the dose- and time-dependent in vitroeffects of isoquercitrin (ISO), a natural flavonoid with numerous biological properties on bovine spermatozoa during three different time periods (0 h, 2 h, 24 h). Bovine semen samples were diluted and cultivated in physiological saline solution containing 0.5% DMSO together with 200, 100, 50, 10, 5 and 1 μmol/L ISO. Spermatozoa motility was measured using the HTM IVOS CASA (Computer Assisted Semen Analyzer) system. The viability of spermatozoa was assessed by the metabolic (MTT) assay, production of superoxide radicals was quantified using the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test, and chemiluminescence was used to evaluate the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The results of the movement activity showed a significant increase in the motility during long term cultivation in case of concentrationsranging between 5 and 50 μmol/L ISO (P<0.05; 24 h). At the same time, supplementation of several concentrations of ISO led to a significant preservation of the cell viability (P<0.05 in the case of 50 μmol/L, P<0.01 with respect to 1 and 5 μmol/L, and P<0.001 in relation to 10 μmol/L; 24 h). ISO addition at 10 and 50 μmol/L also provided a significantly higher protection against superoxide (P<0.05) and ROS (P<0.001) overgeneration after a 24 h cultivation. We may suggest that supplementation of ISO to bovine spermatozoa, particularly at concentrations ranging between 10 and 50 μmol/L, may offer protection to the motility, viability and oxidative status of the sperm cells, particularly notable at 24 h.

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