scholarly journals Development of mass media resources to improve the ability of parents of primary school children in Uganda to assess the trustworthiness of claims about the effects of treatments: a human-centred design approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Semakula ◽  
Allen Nsangi ◽  
Matt Oxman ◽  
Sarah Ellen Rosenbaum ◽  
Andrew David Oxman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Final Version ◽  
The Public ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Health Choices ◽  
Human Centred Design

Abstract Background Claims about what we need to do to improve our health are everywhere. Most interventions simply tell people what to do, and do not empower them to critically assess health information. Our objective was to design mass media resources to enable the public to critically appraise the trustworthiness of claims about the benefits and harms of treatments and make informed health choices. Methods Research was conducted between 2013 and 2016 across multiple iterative phases. Participants included researchers, journalists, parents, other members of the public. First, we developed a list of 32 key concepts that people need to understand to be able to assess the trustworthiness of claims about treatment effects. Next, we used a human-centred design approach, to generate ideas for resources for teaching the key concepts, and developed and user-tested prototypes through qualitative interviews. We addressed identified problems and repeated this process until we had a product that was deemed relevant and desirable by our target audience, and feasible to implement. Results We generated over 160 ideas, mostly radio-based. After prototyping some of these, we found that a podcast produced collaboratively by health researchers and journalists was the most promising approach. We developed eight episodes of the Informed Health Choices podcast, a song on critical thinking about treatments and a reminder checklist. Early versions of the podcast were reportedly too long, boring and confusing. We shortened the episodes, included one key concept per episode, and changed to story-telling with skits. The final version of the podcast was found to be useful, understandable, credible and desirable. Conclusion We found many problems with various prototypes of mass media resources. Using a human-centred design approach, we overcame those problems. We have developed a guide to help others prepare similar podcasts.

scholarly journals Key Concepts for Informed Health Choices: a framework for helping people learn how to assess treatment claims and make informed choices

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain Chalmers ◽  
Andrew D Oxman ◽  
Astrid Austvoll-Dahlgren ◽  
Selena Ryan-Vig ◽  
Sarah Pannell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Reading Skills ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Poor Reading ◽  
The Public ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Health Choices ◽  
Treatment Claims

Many claims about the effects of treatments, though well intentioned, are wrong. Indeed, they are sometimes deliberately misleading to serve interests other than the well-being of patients and the public. People need to know how to spot unreliable treatment claims so that they can protect themselves and others from harm. The ability to assess the trustworthiness of treatment claims is often lacking. Acquiring this ability depends on being familiar with, and correctly applying, some key concepts, for example, that’ association is not the same as causation.’ The Informed Health Choices (IHC) Project has identified 36 such concepts and shown that people can be taught to use them in decision making. A randomised trial in Uganda, for example, showed that primary school children with poor reading skills could be taught to apply 12 of the IHC Key Concepts. The list of IHC Key Concepts has proven to be effective in providing a framework for developing and evaluating IHC resources to help children to think critically about treatment claims. The list also provides a framework for retrieving, coding and organising other teaching and learning materials for learners of any age. It should help teachers, researchers, clinicians, and patients to structure critical thinking about the trustworthiness of claims about treatment effects.

scholarly journals Key Concepts for assessing claims about treatment effects and making well-informed treatment choices

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew David Oxman ◽  
Iain Chalmers ◽  
Astrid Austvoll-Dahlgren ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Treatment Choices ◽  
The Public ◽  
Interactive Applications ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Health Choices ◽  
Informed Treatment ◽  
Treatment Comparisons ◽  
Treatment Claims

Background:The Informed Health Choices (IHC) Key Concepts are standards for judgement, or principles for evaluating the trustworthiness of treatment claims and treatment comparisons (evidence) used to support claims, and for making treatment choices. The list of concepts provides a framework, or starting point, for teachers, journalists and other intermediaries for identifying and developing resources (such as longer explanations, examples, games and interactive applications) to help people to understand and apply the concepts. The first version of the list was published in 2015 and has been updated yearly since then. We report here the changes that have been made from when the list was first published up to the current (2018) version.Methods:We developed the IHC Key Concepts by searching the literature and checklists written for the public, journalists, and health professionals; and by considering concepts related to assessing the certainty of evidence about the effects of treatments. We have revised the Key Concepts yearly, based on feedback and suggestions; and learning from using the IHC Key Concepts, other relevant frameworks, and adaptation of the IHC Key Concepts to other types of interventions besides treatments.Results:We have made many changes since the Key Concepts were first published in 2015. There are now 44 Key Concepts compared to the original 32; the concepts have been reorganised from six to three groups; we have added higher-level concepts in each of those groups; we have added short titles; and we have made changes to many of the concepts.Conclusions:We will continue to revise the IHC Key Concepts in response to feedback. Although we and others have found them helpful since they were first published, we anticipate that there are still ways in which they can be further improved. We welcome suggestions for how to do this.

scholarly journals Key Concepts for assessing claims about treatment effects and making well-informed treatment choices

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew David Oxman ◽  
Iain Chalmers ◽  
Astrid Austvoll-Dahlgren ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Treatment Choices ◽  
The Public ◽  
Interactive Applications ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Health Choices ◽  
Informed Treatment ◽  
Treatment Comparisons ◽  
Treatment Claims

Background: The Informed Health Choices (IHC) Key Concepts are standards for judgement, or principles for evaluating the trustworthiness of treatment claims and treatment comparisons (evidence) used to support claims, and for making treatment choices. The list of concepts provides a framework, or starting point, for teachers, journalists and other intermediaries for identifying and developing resources (such as longer explanations, examples, games and interactive applications) to help people to understand and apply the concepts. The first version of the list was published in 2015 and has been updated yearly since then. We report here the changes that have been made from when the list was first published up to the current (2018) version.Methods: We developed the IHC Key Concepts by searching the literature and checklists written for the public, journalists, and health professionals; and by considering concepts related to assessing the certainty of evidence about the effects of treatments. We have revised the Key Concepts yearly, based on feedback and suggestions; and learning from using the IHC Key Concepts, other relevant frameworks, and adaptation of the IHC Key Concepts to other types of interventions besides treatments.Results: We have made many changes since the Key Concepts were first published in 2015. There are now 44 Key Concepts compared to the original 32; the concepts have been reorganised from six to three groups; we have added higher-level concepts in each of those groups; we have added short titles; and we have made changes to many of the concepts.Conclusions: The IHC Key Concepts have proven useful in designing learning resources, evaluating them, and organising them. We will continue to revise the IHC Key Concepts in response to feedback. We welcome suggestions for how to do this.

scholarly journals Evaluating Human-Centred Design for Public Health A Case Study on Developing a Healthcare App with Refugee Communities.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebeccah Bartlett ◽  
Jacqueline Boyle ◽  
Jessica Simons Smith ◽  
Nadia Khan ◽  
Tracy Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Information ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Access To Healthcare ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
Web Based ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Not For Profit ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Reproductive Healthcare ◽  
Human Centred Design

Abstract Background: Australian women from migrant and refugee communities experience reduced access to sexual and reproductive healthcare. Human-centred design is an ethical and effective approach to developing health solutions with underserved populations that are more likely to experience significant disadvantage or social marginalisation. This study aimed to evaluate how well Shifra, a small Australian-based not-for-profit, applied human-centred design when developing a web-based application that delivers local, evidence-based and culturally relevant health information to its non-English speaking users. Methods: This study undertook a document review, survey and semi-structured interviews to evaluate how well Shifra was able to achieve its objectives using a human-centred design approach. Results: A co-design process successfully led to the development of a web-based health app for refugee and migrant women. This evaluation also yielded several important recommendations for improving Shifra’s human-centred design approach moving forward. Conclusions: Improving refugees’ access to sexual and reproductive health is complex and requires innovative and thoughtful problem solving. This evaluation of Shifra’s human-centred design approach provides a helpful and rigorous guide in reporting that may encourage other organisations undertaking human-centred design work to evaluate their own implementation. Keywords: human-centred design; design thinking; refugee health; evaluation Plain language summary: Australian women from non-English speaking migrant and refugee communities face reduced access to sexual and reproductive healthcare and many then go on to experience poor health outcomes as a result. There is an urgent need for new approach to improve access to healthcare for underserved communities, one that centres these women in the process of finding, developing and disseminating the solutions themselves. Human-centred design is an ethical and effective methodology to working with communities to develop these health solutions. This study aimed to evaluate how well Shifra, a small Australian-based not-for-profit focused on improving access to healthcare for refugees and new migrants, undertook human-centred design approach when developing a Smartphone app that deliver local, safe and culturally relevant health information to non-English speaking Australians. The authors interviewed refugees, health and social sector experts and computer programmers involved in creating Shifra to evaluate how well they used human-centred design to achieve its goals. This evaluation found that Shifra’s approach was successful whilst also highlighting several important recommendations for improving collaborative efforts with refugee communities. These findings could help other projects also seeking to undertake an authentic community co-design process.

Health Information via Mass Media: Study of the Individual's Concepts of the Body and its Parts

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 991-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucille Hollander Blum
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Health Information ◽  
The Body ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
The Public ◽  
Media Study ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Personal Perceptions ◽  
The Mass Media ◽  
Carry Over

This paper questions whether the mass media perform an adequate service in attempting to “educate” the public in health matters. The author contends that adults are not as responsive as they could be because of certain learning blocks influenced by carry-over of thoughts and feelings from childhood. To explore the aforementioned contention 87 highly educated adults, 21 to 51 yr. of age, were requested to outline the body and also draw and label the internal organs. Such data may be used to evaluate knowledge as well as reflect personal perceptions relative to the body. The eight organs drawn most frequently were heart, lungs, stomach, intestines, liver, kidneys, brain, sex organs. These were assessed for correctness of placement. Although considerable latitude was allowed in judging “correctness” many errors were observed. The majority of the drawings were crude, child-like statements of the body and its parts. The implication is that people have to be “ready” for what they hear and see to profit from efforts of the mass media.

scholarly journals Nurses’ views on the impact of mass media on the public perception of nursing and nurse–service user interactions

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 586-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise P Hoyle ◽  
Richard G Kyle ◽  
Catherine Mahoney
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Service User ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Media Framing ◽  
Service Users ◽  
User Interactions ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to examine nurses’ views on the impact that mass media has on service users and how this affects nurse/service user interactions. Internationally, the mass media is an important source of health information for the public. Media framing therefore exerts considerable influence on the public’s perceptions of healthcare professionals and services. However, it is not known how the reporting of health stories by the media impacts the work of front-line nursing staff. This is a qualitative interpretivist study using a single case study design, and includes semi-structured interviews with qualified nursing staff ( n = 31) within a large hospital in the United Kingdom. There are three key themes: ‘scaremongering health stories’, ‘negative portrayal of the nursing profession’ and ‘informed service users’. Nurses perceived media framing of health and healthcare services as predominantly negative. Nurses need greater awareness of how service users receive and respond to health information and how health stories are reported. Closer engagement between health journalists and nurses through ‘journalist-in-residence’ programmes could enable nurses and journalists to gain greater appreciation of their respective sets of knowledge to support shared and informed decision-making between service users and professionals.

PUBLIC RELATIONS IN ARMENIAN STATE ADMINISTRATION AND BANKING SYSTEM

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-188
Author(s):  
A. Avetisyan
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Public ◽  
State Administration ◽  
Or Organization ◽  
Government Institution

Benevolent relations between each government institution, company or organization and its publicity are provided by Public Relations specialists. They try to provide public with information, based on the real facts, which lead to the establishment and maintenance ofthe benevolent relations and mutual understanding. Taking into consideration the fact, companies and organizations generate relevant departments, responsible for communication with Mass media and the public. These departments take responsibility for making the organization presentative, for publicity and transparent work. The aim of the research is to identify the opportunities, weaknesses and achievements of Public relations in Armenian Banking System and State Administration.

Analisa Wacana Pemberitaan Kasus Korupsi E-KTP Pada Media Kompas.com Terhadap Pembentukan Opini Publik

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Neri Widya Ramailis ◽  
Dede Nopendri
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Social Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Function ◽  
General Knowledge ◽  
Visual Method ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Media ◽  
Private Entrepreneurs

Discourse is a series of sentences that relate and connect one proposition with the other propositions to from a unity. The main function of the news is not to warn, instruct, and make the public stunned, the main function of the news is to inform and then it is upto the public to utilize the news. There are two ways for the news to be useful to the public, the first to effort news as general knowledge and the second to effort the news a tool of social control. E-Ktp corruption cases are one of the biggest corruption cases that occurered in Indonesia. Therefore, many mass media reported heavilly on E-Ktp corruption cases, one of which was the kompas.com. furthermore, to find out how the writer gets the source the writer gets the source of data and information the writer uses the criminology visual method and then analyzes it using criminology newsmaking theory. However, the results of this study illustrate that the aspect highlighted are those of actors suspected of being involved in E-Ktp corruption cases. Where the media only emphasizes one institution, namely the people’s representative council, even though in this case the involved parties are not only the legislature but case the involved parties are not only the legislature but also from various institutions such as the interior ministry, state-owned enterprises, and private entrepreneurs. In the aspect of media projection Kompas.com make the bulk of the news about E- Ktp corruption cases as news headline and a tranding topic.

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