scholarly journals Serotonergic and noradrenergic response of ethanol extract; opioidergic response of ethyl acetate extract of Dicranopteris linearis L. leaf

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mustakim Billah ◽  
Ayreen Sonia Chowdhury ◽  
Kashfia Nawrin ◽  
Saqline Mostaq ◽  
Md. Abu Rayhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Antidepressant Agent ◽  
Dual Action ◽  
Dicranopteris Linearis

Abstract Background Dicranopteris linearis L. is among the popular tribal plants used for various ailments, although many of its pharmacological potentials have not been investigated yet. The neuropharmacological potentials of the leaf, including sedative-anxiolytic potential, were previously studied however, the antidepressant activity was yet to be examined. Thus, this study was aimed to investigate the serotonergic, noradrenergic and opioidergic response of D. linearis leaf extracts. Methods The plant leaf was extracted in three solvents- water (DLAQ), ethanol (DLET) and ethyl acetate (DLEA) and applied each in 200 and 400 mg.kg− 1 per body weight of Swiss Albino mice. Forced Swim Test (FST) and Tail Suspension Test (TST) were conducted to evaluate antidepressant potential. In FST, latency and duration of immobility, swimming and climbing time were recorded. In TST, immobility, swinging, curling and pedaling were observed. Alongside, preliminary screening through acute toxicity study and pentobarbitone induced sleep test were performed. Results Both in FST and TST, the duration of immobility was reduced by the standard imipramine and DLET 200 and 400. In FST, DLEA 200 and 400 increased the climbing time suggesting noradrenergic mechanism of action and decreased the swimming time suggesting deficit of serotoninergic mechanism of action. Interestingly, DLET increased both the parameters presenting a dual action. However, in TST, DLEA decreased immobility but increased swinging and curling response which indicated its opioidergic mechanism. On the other hand, DLET proved to mediate through serotonin and/or NA reuptake mechanism by having decreased curling time. Conclusion Among the three extracts, the ethanol extract proved to be more potent. DLET mimicked the standard imipramine in all parameters except for the curling behavior. The result thus suggests D. linearis as a potent antidepressant agent however, recommends its medicinal use after further investigation to identify bioactive compounds.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF COMMIPHORA MUKUL FOR ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTIVITY IN ALBINO MICE

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 360
Author(s):  
Vijetha Pendyala ◽  
Ramesh Babu Janga ◽  
Vidyadhara Suryadevara
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Tail Suspension ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Commiphora Mukul ◽  
Suspension Test

ABSTRACTObjective: The main aim and objective of the present study is to investigate the effect of Commiphora mukul (Family: Burseraceae), on depression inmice using tail suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST).Methods: The oleo-gum resin of guggul was extracted with alcohol and fractionated with ethyl acetate and petroleum ether. All the fractions weresubjected for preliminary phytochemical screening, using various qualitative tests. Till date, no scientific data were available on the antidepressantactivity of this plant. So, in the present investigation, TST and FST are selected as animal models for evaluation of antidepressant activity in albinomice.Results: The preliminary phytochemical screening of guggul has revealed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, tannins, and flavonoids inhydroalcoholic fraction. Ethyl acetate fraction showed positive results toward flavonoids, alkaloids, proteins, and steroids. Hydroalcoholic, ethylacetate, and petroleum ether fractions (50 and 100 mg/kg p.o.) of guggul administered orally for 14 successive days had decreased the immobilityperiods significantly in a dose-dependent manner in both TST and FST, showing significant antidepressant-like activity. The activities of the fractionswere found to be comparable to imipramine in both FST and TST.Conclusions: Although a number of synthetic drugs are being used as standard treatment for clinically depressed patient, they have adverse effectsthat can compromise the therapeutic treatment. In the traditional systems of medicine, many plants and formulations have been used to treatdepression for thousands of years. The results of this study indicate the potential for the use of guggul as an adjuvant in the treatment of depression.Keywords: Guggul, Commiphora mukul, Antidepressant activity, Forced swim test, Tail suspension test, Depression.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF ANTIDEPRESSANT AND ANTIANXIETY ACTIVITIES OF AQUEOUS LEAF EXTRACTS OF SENNA ALATA (L.) ROXB. USING IN VITRO ANIMAL MODELS

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Archana Pamulaparthi ◽  
Vamshi Ramana Prathap ◽  
Mahitha Banala ◽  
Rama Swamy Nanna
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Test Drug ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Senna Alata

Objective: In the present investigation antidepressant and antianxiety activities of aqueous leaf extracts of Senna alata (200 mg/Kg) were carried out to establish the species as a potent natural antidepressant and anxiolytic drug.Methods: Antidepressant activity was carried out using forced swim test and tail suspension test. In both these tests, the animals were subjected to external stress that results in alteration of the behavior of animal due to fear.The antianxiety activity of aqueous leaf extracts of S. alata has been studied by the elevated plus-maze test in rats. The mean number of entries and the time spent in the open arm after 45 min of the administration of test drug was noted to determine the antianxiety effect of the test drug.Results: For antidepressant activity administration of test drug (200 mg/Kg) showed a significant decrease in the time spent by the animal in state of depression in both the assays which clearly indicates that the aqueous leaf extracts of S. alata exhibited a strong antidepressant activity similar to that of the control drug (Imipramine).In the antianxiety activity, administration of aqueous leaf extract (200 mg/Kg) of S. alata significantly increased the mean number of entries (2.25±0.98) in the open arm and the time spent in open arm (2.23±0.04) compared to the control group. The activity of the extract was slightly greater than standard drug Diazepam.Conclusion: From the above-presented results, it can be concluded that administration of Senna alata aqueous leaf extracts (200 mg/Kg) showed a considerable decrease in both antidepressant and antianxiety activities in all the test animals and can be used in the replacement of commercially available synthetic drugs in the near future.

scholarly journals Design, Synthesis, and In Vivo and In Silico Evaluation of Coumarin Derivatives with Potential Antidepressant Effects

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (18) ◽  
pp. 5556
Author(s):  
Xuekun Wang ◽  
Hao Zhou ◽  
Xinyu Wang ◽  
Kang Lei ◽  
Shiben Wang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Homology Model ◽  
Coumarin Derivatives ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Discovery Studio

In this study, a series of coumarin derivatives were designed and synthesized, their structures were characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) testing methods. In the pharmacological experiment, two behavior-monitoring methods, the forced swim test (FST) and the tail suspension test (TST), were used to determine the antidepressant activity of coumarin derivatives. Compounds that showed potential activity were analyzed for their effects on 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels in the brains of mice. Molecular docking experiments to simulate the possible interaction of these compounds with the 5-HT1A receptor was also be predicted. The results of the pharmacological experiments showed that most coumarin derivatives exhibited significant antidepressant activity. Among these compounds, 7-(2-(4-(4-fluorobenzyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-oxoethoxy)-2H-chromen-2-one (6i) showed the highest antidepressant activity. The results of the measurement of 5-HT levels in the brains of mice indicate that the antidepressant activity of coumarin derivatives may be mediated by elevated 5-HT levels. The results of molecular docking demonstrated that compound 6i had a significant interaction with amino acids around the active site of the 5-HT1A receptor in the homology model. The physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of the target compounds were also predicted using Discovery Studio (DS) 2020 and Chemdraw 14.0.

scholarly journals Evaluation of antidepressant activity of tramadol in comparison with imipramine in Swiss albino mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 695
Author(s):  
Chiranjeevi Bonda ◽  
Sudhir Pawar ◽  
Jaisen Lokhande
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Tail Suspension ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Group I ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Suspension Test

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the antidepressant effect of opioid analgesic tramadol using forced swim test and tail suspension test models.Methods: The antidepressant effect was assessed by recording the immobility time in Forced swim test (FST) and Tail suspension test (TST). The mice were randomly divided into five groups. Mice belonging to group I was given normal saline (0.1ml/kg) which acted as control. Group II received imipramine (15mg/kg) considered as the standard drug tramadol was given in graded dose (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) to mice of groups III, IV, V respectively. All drugs were administered intraperitoneally for seven successive days; test was done on 7th day.Results: Tramadol and Imipramine showed antidepressant activity when compared to control. There is dose dependent increase in antidepressant activity of tramadol. The antidepressant activity of imipramine was significantly (P<0.05) more than tramadol at dose 10 and 20 mg/kg but antidepressant activity with tramadol 40mg/kg was comparable to imipramine treated mice.Conclusions: The results of this study indicated the presence of antidepressant activity of tramadol at 40mg/kg.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF FLAVONE AND ITS MONOHYDROXY DERIVATIVES ON ANIMAL MODELS OF DEPRESSION IN SWISS ALBINO MICE

2019 ◽  
pp. 513-517
Author(s):  
SHANMUGAPRIYAN S ◽  
JAIKUMAR S ◽  
VISWANATHAN S ◽  
PARIMALA K ◽  
RAJESH M
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Tail Suspension ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Animal Models Of Depression ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Suspension Test

Objectives: This research was designed to investigate the antidepressant activity of a few structurally related flavones (flavone, 3‑hydroxyflavone, and 7‑hydroxyflavone) and the possible mechanisms involved. Methods: Antidepressant activity was evaluated in mice by subjecting them to forced swim test and tail suspension test. The involvement of adrenergic, serotonergic, nitric oxide (NO), and opioid mechanisms was investigated using suitable interacting chemicals. Results: Flavone, 3‑hydroxyflavone, and 7‑hydroxyflavone exhibited a significant and dose‑dependent reduction in total time of immobility in the forced swim test and tail suspension test. Pre‑treatment with alpha‑methyl‑para‑tyrosine and parachlorophenyl alanine attenuated the reduction in immobility period produced by flavone and its derivatives in forced swim test. Naloxone pre‑treatment partially reversed the effect of flavone while L‑arginine pre‑treatment did not alter their effect. Conclusion: The investigated flavones exhibited promising antidepressant activity in both the animal models of depression. However, the flavone compounds did not alter the motor coordination and ambulatory behavior in the Rotarod and locomotor activity test. The participation of serotonergic, adrenergic, and opioid mechanism in the antidepressant activity of these compounds was elucidated from the results, and the role of NO pathway was excluded.

scholarly journals Anti-Depressant Activity of the Leaves of Zanthoxylum Armatum on Swiss Albino Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
Chandrajeet Kumar Yadav ◽  
Kamal Poudel ◽  
Roshan Mehta ◽  
Amit Kumar Shrivastava
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Medical Problem ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Zanthoxylum Armatum ◽  
Albino Mice

INTRODUCTION Depression is a global mental disorder that has high incidence, high recurrence, and high self-mutilation and suicide rates. Although the antidepressant drugs are available for the treatment, depression still continues to be a major medical problem. The present study was designed to study the anti-depressant activity of the leaves extract of Zanthoxylum armatum using forced swim test and tail suspension test (TST) on Swiss albino mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS The anti-depressant activity of the leaves of Zanthoxylum armatum was assessed using chronic unpredictable mild-stress (CUMS) induced depression in mice. The animals were treated with the methanolic extract of leaves of Zanthoxylum armatum orally at two doses of 100, 200 mg/kg body weight for eight days after (CUMS) induced depression in mice. RESULTS The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by tukey multiple comparison test. The leaves extract presented significant antidepressant activity in mice (p<0.05), CONCLUSION The results demonstrate that methanolic extract of leaves of Zanthoxylum armatum has got significant antidepressant activity.

scholarly journals A comparative study of the antidepressant effect of ondansetron and granisetron on Albino mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 2922
Author(s):  
Mansi J. Shah ◽  
Geetha M. ◽  
Rahul H. D. ◽  
Shashikala G. H.
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Test Model ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Test Drug ◽  
Standard Drug

Background: Ondansetron and granisetron are selective 5-HT receptor antagonists used as antiemetics. The present study as aimed at comparing the antidepressant activity of ondansetron and granisetron in animal experimental models.Methods: The study was done after obtaining approval from the institutional animal ethical committee of JJM Medical college, Davangere and CPCSEA. A total of 24 mice of either sex and of weight between 20-40g were included in the study. The antidepressant activity of ondansetron and granisetron was evaluated in mice using forced swim test model (FST) and tail suspension test model (TST). In both the experimental models animals were divided into 4 groups and received the following drugs- Group 1 (control) - normal saline 10mg/kg i.p, Group 2 (standard)-fluoxetine 10mg/kg i.p, Group 3(test drug 1), ondansetron 2mg/kg i.p, Group 4 (test drug 2)- granisetron 0.5mg/kg i.p. The duration of immobility was noted and compared amongst the 4 groups in both the models 60 min after drug administration. The observations were analysed using ANOVA (one way) and post hoc Tukey’s test.Results: The test drugs showed significant reduction in duration of immobility in both the models. In FST and TST models, granisetron (0.5mg/kg i.p) showed a significant reduction in immobility period of 10.33 sec and 67 secs respectively when compared to ondansetron (2mg/kg i.p) and the standard drug fluoxetine (10mg/kg i.p).Conclusions: The results of study suggest that granisetron may be useful as a potential candidate for treatment of depression. Hence further animal studies with different model for depression and clinical studies should be conducted in order to choose the better drug for treatment PONV which is often associated with depression.

Synthesis and Antidepressant activity of pyrazoline based MAO-inhibitors

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishnu Nayak Badavath ◽  
Alok Kumar ◽  
Surender Singh Jadav ◽  
Ashok Kumar Pattnaik ◽  
Venkatesan Jayaprakash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Mao Inhibitors ◽  
Tail Suspension ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Behavioral Despair Test ◽  
Suspension Test

A series of nine 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-aryl-N-phenyl-4,5-dihydropyrazole-1-carbothioamide derivative s (3a-3i) that were earlier reported as potent rMAO-A inhibitors were evaluated for their antidepressant activity in Porsolt's behavioral despair test (forced swim test) and Tail Suspension test activity, among them, compounds (3e and 3h) were found to have potent antidepressant activity. Reduction in duration of immobility was significant for all the compounds in Porsolts swim test compared with tail suspension test. 3h was further evaluated for anxiolytic activity in Elevated plus maze and was found to be devoid of it.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE ANTIDEPRESSANT EFFECTS OF ALCOHOLIC EXTRACTS OF PILEA MICROPHYLLA IN MICE

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
DARAH IBRAHIM ◽  
AMIR MODARRESI CHAHARDEHI ◽  
FARID ABOLHASSANI
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
High Doses

To date, the search for novel pharmacotherapy from medicinal plants for psychiatric illnesses has significantly progressed. This study investigated the effect of selected crude extracts from Pilea microphylla in the mouse forced test (FST) and in the tail suspension test (TST), two models predictive of antidepressant activity. Selected crude extracts from Pilea microphylla produced an antidepressant–like effect, since the acute treatment of mice with extracts by intraperitoneal (i.p.) route significantly reduced the immobility time in the FST (50 and 100 mg/kg) and TST (50 and 100 mg/kg), as compared to positive controls (haloperidol and fluoxetine) at 1 and 10 mg/kg, respectively. The antidepressant–like effect of extracts was found to be significant at high doses, followed by an increase in the immobility time at dose of 100 mg/kg. A significant decreased of immobility was also found on the third day at the concentration of 100 mg/kg of chloroform extract of Pilea microphylla from extraction method II (CEPM II) and ethyl acetate extract of Pilea microphyllafrom extraction method II (EAEPM II); (except methanol extract ofPilea microphylla from extraction method I (MEPM I) at 100 mg/kg) with respect to the first day. Ethyl acetate and chloroform extract from extraction method II when administered at an acute dose of 100 mg/kg of body weight (P < 0.05) reduced the immobility time. Among all the three selected extracts with two doses administered there were differences compared to the control, EAEPM II led to reduction of immobility time, in the FST method by 38.50% for 50 mg/kg to as much as 75.97% for 100 mg/kg. Similar results of increased antidepressant effect, that was, of immobility time depending on the concentration administered, were obtained with the TST method. These results suggested the anti–depression activity of the plant extract. Therefore, P. microphylla may be served as a potential resource for natural psychotherapeutic agent against depression. However, further studies are still required.

scholarly journals The protective effect of L. siceraria against depression using behavioural despair animal models

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 1391
Author(s):  
Karunakar Kota ◽  
Sandhya Sharma ◽  
P. Ragavendra ◽  
Jameela Tahashildar
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Repeated Treatment ◽  
Tail Suspension ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Suspension Test

Background: In recent years, the search for novel pharmacotherapy from medicinal plants for psychiatric illness was significantly progressed. The present study was performed to evaluate the antidepressant activity of ethanolic extract of Lagenaria siceraria in animal models.Methods: The antidepressant activity of ethanolic extract of the fruit of L. siceraria in rats was assessed using forced swim test and tail suspension test. Imipramine at 15 mg/kg was used as standard antidepressant drug.Results: The ethanolic extract of L. siceraria fruit (EELS) was significantly and dose-dependently reduced the duration of immobility after repeated treatment for 7 days in Forced swim test and Tail suspension Test. But combination of L. siceraria (200mg/kg) with Imipramine gave a highly significant result (p<0.001) in reduction of immobility duration and the effect of high dose (400mg/kg) with imipramine (15mg/kg) did not decrease the duration of immobility period in both animal models at end of the study. In this work the dose of 400mg/kg afforded more protection than the imipramine.Conclusions: The results obtained from this study was indicate that the antidepressant activity of L. siseraria.

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