scholarly journals Comparative study of the effect of face-to-face and computer mediated conversation modalities on student engagement: speaking skill in focus

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Bagheri ◽  
Zohre Mohamadi Zenouzagh
Keyword(s):  
Student Engagement ◽  
Placement Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Transcription Analysis ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Speaking Skill ◽  
L1 Use ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

AbstractThis study investigated the potentials of face –to- face and computer mediated conversation (CMC) as two speaking modalities on students’ engagement. To this end, 30 Iranian male intermediate EFL learners were selected on the basis of their performance on OPT (Oxford Placement Test) and assigned into the research groups. The progression of face- to- face and CMC groups from limited to elaborate engagement at verbal, paralinguistic and functional levels was assessed using transcription analysis in face-to-face group and chat log analysis in CMC group. The limited and elaborate student engagement indicators in two modalities were identified via Maxqda software. The results of Maxqda analysis indicated that limited engagement was associated with appeal for help, silence, pauses and hesitations, focus on syntax, involvement with procedural talk and L1 use. Respectively, elaborate engagement was associated with avoiding L1 use, focus on discourse, involvement with actual talk and strategic discourse management rather than pause and silence. Chi-square analysis on frequency of indicators of limited and elaborate engagements on verbal, paralinguistic and functional levels indicated that limited and elaborate engagements occurred with different proportions in face-to-face and CMC conversations. Teaching practitioners would benefit the findings of the study since the findings illustrate how students’ engagement in learning evolves and how speaking modalities may impact the pattern of students’ engagement over time. The finding also suggest one way for improving student engagement without over-intervening of teachers is using modalities such as forums where the teacher presence is limited and students have to manage the discourse themselves which in turn increases student engagement.

scholarly journals Instructional Efficacy of Portfolio for Assessing Iranian EFL Learners’ Speaking Ability

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Mahshad Safari ◽  
Mansour Koosha
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Form ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Instructional Efficacy ◽  
Advanced Students ◽  
Advanced Control ◽  
Speaking Skill ◽  
Advanced Proficiency

<p>Regarding the fundamental role of speaking in language skills, this study intended to investigate the effects of speaking portfolio as an alternative form of assessment for assessing Iranian EFL learners’ speaking ability at the intermediate and advanced proficiency levels and also its impact on their attitudes. Accordingly, from the population of 72 students studying at Kowsar Language Institute in Esfahan, a sample of 64 male and female intermediate and advanced students were randomly selected based on their scores on an OPT test and they were assigned to 4 groups: intermediate and advanced experimental groups and intermediate and advanced control groups. In order to collect the data, a pretest and a posttest as well as a questionnaire were employed. To analyze the data, an ANOVA and a series of Chi-square were run in the study and the findings indicated that the experimental groups using speaking portfolios performed better than the control groups in terms of speaking ability. Moreover, the result shed light on the advantages of speaking portfolios such as self-assessment, peer-feedback, and improvement of speaking skill. This study provides instructors, administrators, and test developers with alternative ways to improve and assess speaking skill through speaking portfolios.</p>

scholarly journals Consumers’ Bread Consumption Habits and Waste Status: Hatay/Turkey Example

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 1653
Author(s):  
Bekir Demirtaş ◽  
Aybüke Kaya ◽  
Erdal Dağıstan
Keyword(s):  
Bread Making ◽  
City Center ◽  
Consumer Awareness ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Cross Tabulation ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
The City ◽  
Quality Production ◽  
Consumption Habits

In this study, it was aimed to determine the reasons for the waste of bread among consumers in Hatay province and what should be taken for the elimination of these causes. The subjects of this study were the data obtained from 406 consumers selected from the city center. The data were obtained through face to face interviews during the period of May-2017. In the questionnaire, there were questions towards determining the bread consumption habits, consumption preferences and bread waste levels along with the socio-demographic characteristics of the consumers. Cross tabulation and chi-square analysis were used in the evaluation and comparison of the data. It was determined that the amount of bread consumed per person was 278 g/day and 7% of the total family consumption of bread was wasted without any consumption. While the most consumed types of bread are traditional white bread and flatbread, bakeries and groceries are the most common places to buy bread. Consumers usually buy bread twice a day and the main considerations in the consumers’ preference for bread purchase are that the establishments comply with hygiene requirements and that quality materials are used in the bread making process. Staling and bad taste are among the significant issues in bread wastage. Taking future trends in the sector into consideration, producers should pay attention to product quality, production according to health conditions and longer shelf life on bread; depending on consumer awareness. The producers should diversify their production of bread and other bakery products.

On the Relationship between English Proficiency, Writing Ability, and the Use of Conjunctions in Iranian EFL Learners' Compositions

2001 ◽  
Vol 133-134 ◽  
pp. 227-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Reza Kiany ◽  
M. Khezri Nejad
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
English Learners ◽  
English Proficiency ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Writing Ability ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Writing Scores ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The purpose of this research was to explore the relationship between English proficiency, writing ability, and the use of conjunctions in Iranian EFL learners' compositions. To this end, four research questions were formulated : (1) Is there any relationship between English proficiency of Iranian EFL learners and the extent to which they use particular groups of conjunctions (additive, adversative, causal, temporal)? (2) Is there any relationship between English proficiency of Iranian EFL learners and their writing ability? (3) Is there any relationship between writing ability of Iranian EFL learners and the use of conjunctions? (4) What is the relative importance of the four groups of conjunctions and English proficiency in predicting the writing ability? The study involved 120 male and female English learners of Kish Language Institute studying at different levels: Elementary, Intermediate, and Advanced. Two data gathering devices were employed: a NELSON test compatible with English knowledge of the subjects (version 300-A), and two compositions. The topics assigned for the compositions were “Describe your city, Tehran” and “Describe your English teacher". The students wrote the first composition in a session along with taking NELSON and the second one after a two-week interval. In each examination, the subjects wrote a text including about 150 to 200 words. The analyses included Correlation, ANOVA, Chi-square, and Multiple Regression to display the relationship between the above-mentioned variables. The results indicated taht the High group of proficiency has a significant superiority over the Mid and the Mid group over the Low one on the writing scores. The use of Chi-square analysis displayed which level of proficiency or which level of writing use which type(s) of conjuction more. Multiple regression, then, identified which variable(s) are more important or contribute more to writing scores.

The Nature of ‘Talk’ in Synchronous Computer-Mediated Communication in a Vietnamese Tertiary EFL Context

2012 ◽  
pp. 89-112
Author(s):  
Long V. Nguyen ◽  
Cynthia White
Keyword(s):  
Computer Mediated Communication ◽  
Group Processes ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Online Groups ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Central Vietnam ◽  
First Time ◽  
Level Of Analysis

This classroom-based research aims to investigate the nature and quality of talk in synchronous computer-mediated communication (SCMC) among Vietnamese tertiary EFL learners. Participants included 60 students in their sixth semester of an eight-semester BA in TESOL program in a large university in Central Vietnam. Using a sociocultural lens, the nature of discussion was compared in two modes of exchanges, SCMC versus face-to-face (FTF), through analysis of discussion transcripts supported by questionnaire data, interviews and observations. The first level of analysis, participation, revealed that the online students, collaborating in an academic task for the first time via SCMC, produced fewer words, but spent more time, during the discussion process. More equal contribution was a marked feature of the SCMC mode. For the second level of analysis examining the interactional nature and pattern of discussion, transcripts were analyzed according to socioaffective, organizational and sociocognitive themes, and their emergent subcategories. Clear differences were evident between the two settings regarding group processes, leadership, negotiation and consensus. It is argued that for these tertiary Vietnamese EFL learners, the FTF groups were more product-oriented in the discussion task, while the online groups presented a more process-oriented style of learning.

The Nature of 'Talk' in Synchronous Computer-Mediated Communication in a Vietnamese Tertiary EFL Context

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long V. Nguyen ◽  
Cynthia White
Keyword(s):  
Computer Mediated Communication ◽  
Group Processes ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Online Groups ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Central Vietnam ◽  
First Time ◽  
Level Of Analysis

This classroom-based research aims to investigate the nature and quality of talk in synchronous computer-mediated communication (SCMC) among Vietnamese tertiary EFL learners. Participants included 60 students in their sixth semester of an eight-semester BA in TESOL program in a large university in Central Vietnam. Using a sociocultural lens, the nature of discussion was compared in two modes of exchanges, SCMC versus face-to-face (FTF), through analysis of discussion transcripts supported by questionnaire data, interviews and observations. The first level of analysis, participation, revealed that the online students, collaborating in an academic task for the first time via SCMC, produced fewer words, but spent more time, during the discussion process. More equal contribution was a marked feature of the SCMC mode. For the second level of analysis examining the interactional nature and pattern of discussion, transcripts were analyzed according to socioaffective, organizational and sociocognitive themes, and their emergent subcategories. Clear differences were evident between the two settings regarding group processes, leadership, negotiation and consensus. It is argued that for these tertiary Vietnamese EFL learners, the FTF groups were more product-oriented in the discussion task, while the online groups presented a more process-oriented style of learning.

scholarly journals The effects of face-to-face and computer-mediated peer review on EFL writers’ comments and revisions

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei-ching Ho
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Chat Room ◽  
Online Chat ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Efl Writing ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Writing Course

<p>This study investigates the use of face-to-face and computer-mediated peer review in an English as a Foreign Language (EFL) writing course to examine how different interaction modes affect comment categories, students’ revisions, and their perceptions of peer feedback. The participants were an intact class of 13 students at a Taiwanese university. The computer-mediated peer review involved <em>OnlineMeeting</em>, software specifically designed for peer review activities and featuring a split screen protocol, document sharing, and chat room functions. The results of chi-square tests show that overall students offered more revision-oriented comments than non-revision-oriented ones among different writing tasks in either mode. Also, peer review mode affected some types of peer comments to a certain extent. There were significantly more global alteration comments and fewer local alteration comments in face-to-face than computer-mediated mode. While the participants liked comments via <em>Word</em>’s annotation features over handwritten comments, they felt face-to-face discussions to be more effective than online chat via <em>OnlineMeeting</em> due to the affordance of face-to-face talk (e.g., immediacy and paralinguistic features), that cannot be easily replaced by electronic chat. Pedagogical implications regarding the balanced use of computer-mediated and non-computer-mediated writing activities are discussed, along with suggestions for future research.</p>

scholarly journals Healthy Eating Concern (Orthorexia Nervosa) and Related Factors in Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilüfer ACAR TEK
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Orthorexia Nervosa ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Objective: This study was conducted in order to evaluate healthy eating obsession-orthorexia nervosa and related factors in women. Method: The study was carried out 132 volunteer women aged between 20-54 years. Demographic characteristics, health information were taken and orthorexia nervosa-15 (ORTO-15) was applied by researcher with face to face method. Antropometric measurements were taken according to the rules. It was determinated that ORTO-15 score ≤40 is orthorexic and >40 is normal. Data was evaluated using chi-square, analysis of t-test and correlation analysis methods with SPSS16.0 program. Result: It was found that 75.8% of women has less than 40 points from ORTO-15 test. There is a negative correlation between ORTO-15 score with age (r =-0.183), body weight (r=-0.206) and BMI (r=-0.199) (p<0.05). It was seen that obsessional concerns such as choosing healthy food and this dietary pattern to be associated with physical appearance are common in orthorexic individuals. Conclusion: It was found that orthorexia tendency of women has higher. It has been observed that orthorexic tendencies are increased in individuals with high body weight and BMI values. Determination of obsessional concerns of orthorexic individuals will be useful in the classification of the disease and development of diagnostic criteria.

scholarly journals Assessing the Land Consolidation Projects from the Perspective of Farmers (A Case Study in Artova District of Tokat Province in Turkey)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1775-1781
Author(s):  
Esra Kaplan ◽  
Hayriye Sibel Gülse Bal
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Land Consolidation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Project Area ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Land Consolidation Project

Land consolidation is a powerful and effective tool in solving the fragmentation problem of agricultural lands to form a larger, more rational and efficient land for the farmers. The benefits of land consolidation projects are providing access to parcels, efficient use of water resources, real location of parcels, and reducing the costs of irrigation and drainage projects. Although not sufficiently successful, the land consolidation projects in Turkey had been initiated in 1961. This study was aimed to measure and assess the knowledge, expectation and attitudes of farmers on the land consolidation project planned to be implemented for some villages in Artova District of Tokat Province, Turkey. The study was carried out in Taşpınar and Aşağı Güçlü villages which were included in the consolidation program. In these villages, 62 farmers were selected by proportional sampling method out of 175 producers registered in the Farmer Registration System (FRS) and, face to face questionnaires were carried out with them. The results indicated that the producers support the project primarily due to the convenience in irrigation and increasing the efficiency of mechanization. Chi-square analysis revealed that the problems caused by disadvantages of fragmented land structure, importance of land integrity and the experience on a previous consolidation project area are important for the producers supporting the land consolidation project.

scholarly journals Probing into Native and Nonnative Students’ Mental Lexicon: a Case of Word Association Comparison

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-213
Author(s):  
Afrooz Marzban ◽  
Mohammad Sadegh Bagheri ◽  
Firooz Sadighi ◽  
Ehsan Rassaei
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Word Association ◽  
Mental Lexicon ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Placement Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Word Association Test ◽  
Proficiency Level ◽  
High Level

The present study compared British English speakers’ (native) and Iranian EFL learners’ (nonnative) mental lexicon structure focusing on how words are selected and used by the two groups. The types of word association links, syntagmatic and paradigmatic, more frequently applied by the two groups of the participants, were probed into. To this end, 40 native and 40 nonnative college students, both male and female, were compared as far as mental lexicon was concerned. Accordingly, through the Oxford Placement Test (OPT), the nonnative subjects were assigned to three ability levels; namely, high, mid and low. Next, the Word Association Test (WAT) was administered respectively to all native and nonnative participants. The comparison of the WAT results through a series of Chi-square tests and a test of Mann-Whitney indicated that the employed word association links varied among the native and nonnative participants. The findings revealed that the low and mid level nonnatives which comprised a majority of Iranian EFL learners employed the syntagmatic relation to a greater extent than the high level nonnatives. However, only one resemblance was observed between the natives and the high level nonnatives who frequently applied the paradigmatic link. Thus, it was concluded that the advanced Iranian learners performed in a similar way as that of the native English speakers; as a result, it was suggested that the improvement in the proficiency level could lead to a change in making mental links. The findings would contribute to the psychological concerns in language teaching and learning in most academic contexts of higher age ranges.

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