scholarly journals Neutral and negative mood induction in executive tasks of working memory

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lívia Valenti ◽  
Ricardo Basso Garcia ◽  
Cesar Galera
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Mood Induction ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Practice Effect ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Neutral Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mood Effects ◽  
Depression Disorders

AbstractThe mood induction paradigm has been an important tool for investigating the effects of negative emotional states on working memory (WM) executive functions. Though some evidence showed that negative mood has a differential effect on verbal and visuospatial WM, other findings did not report a similar effect. To explore this issue, we examined the negative mood’s impact on verbal and visuospatial WM executive tasks based on grammatical reasoning and visuospatial rotation. Participants with no anxiety or depression disorders performed the tasks before and after negative (n = 14) or neutral (n = 13) mood induction. Participants’ mood at the beginning and the end of the session was assessed by the Present Mood States List (LEAP) and word valence rating. The analyses showed changes in the emotional state of the negative group (ps < .03) but not of the neutral group (ps > .83) in the LEAP instrument. No significant differences between groups were observed in the WM tasks (ps > .33). Performance in the visuospatial WM task improved after mood induction for both groups (p < .05), possibly due to a practice effect. In sum, our findings challenge the view that negative mood modulates WM executive functions; thus, they were discussed considering the similarities and differences between studies that found negative mood effects on WM and those that did not find. Different WM tasks tap distinct processes and components, which may underlie behavioral effects of negative mood on WM tasks.

Playing with fire: effects of negative mood induction and working memory on vocabulary acquisition

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 1105-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary F. Miller ◽  
Jessica K. Fox ◽  
Jason S. Moser ◽  
Aline Godfroid
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Mood Induction ◽  
Vocabulary Acquisition ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Fire Effects

Spontaneous Self-Distancing Mediates the Association Between Working Memory Capacity and Emotion Regulation Success

2020 ◽  
pp. 216770262095363
Author(s):  
T. H. Stanley Seah ◽  
Lindsey M. Matt ◽  
Karin G. Coifman
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Mood Induction ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Treatment Target

Self-distancing is associated with adaptive emotion regulation (ER), thereby making it a common treatment target across psychotherapies. However, less is known about cognitive processes that facilitate self-distancing. Working memory capacity (WMC) has been associated with self-distancing and ER, although research has not directly examined WMC and spontaneous self-distancing activity. Here, we tested the association between WMC and self-distancing (indexed by pronoun use) in relation to ER during a negative-mood induction in college students ( N = 209). Results suggested a mediation model: Higher WMC predicted lower I and greater we pronouns (i.e., greater self-distancing), which in turn predicted lower negative affect. Furthermore, higher WMC predicted greater we pronouns, which predicted higher positive affect. No significant mediation was observed for you. These findings enrich current theoretical models describing WMC and self-distancing in ER and suggest important future research to further elucidate the cognitive processes underlying self-distancing with implications for clinical practice.

scholarly journals The Answer Is in the Question? Mood Effects on Processing Verbal Information and Impression Formation

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 578-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Matovic ◽  
Joseph P. Forgas
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Impression Formation ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Mood Induction ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Positive Mood ◽  
Verbal Information ◽  
Linguistic Information ◽  
Question Format ◽  
Mood Effects

Can good or bad mood influence how people process verbal information about others? Based on affect-cognition theories, this experiment predicted and found that the way a question is phrased has a greater influence on impressions than actual answers when judges are experiencing a negative rather than a neutral or positive mood. After an audiovisual mood induction, participants witnessed interview questions and responses by two target characters. The same level of extroversion was communicated, either by affirmative responses to questions about extraversion, or by negative responses to questions about introversion. Question format had a significant influence on impressions in negative mood but not in neutral or positive mood. The implications of these results for interpreting linguistic information in everyday social life are considered, and their relevance to contemporary affect-cognition theorizing is discussed.

Mood Changes Associated with Iyengar Yoga Practices: A Pilot Study

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Shapiro ◽  
Karen Cline
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Positive Mood ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Mood Changes ◽  
Nonspecific Effects ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mood Effects

The main objectives of this study were 1) to examine changes in self-reported moods and emotional states from before to after Iyengar Yoga classes and how they are affected by the practice of different types of Yoga poses and (2) to determine whether observed changes in mood depend on one's personality traits. The participants were 11 healthy Yoga students in a nine-session Yoga course in which three different types of Yoga poses were compared: back bends, forward bends, and standing poses. Each 90-minute class focused on one of the three types of poses with three repetitions of each type of class. Self-ratings of 15 moods dealing with positive,negative, and energy-related emotional states were obtained before and after each class. Personality traits of depression, anxiety, and hostility were assessed at an initial orientation. Independently of the specific pose,positive moods increased, negative moods decreased,and energy-related moods increased from before to after classes with most changes lasting for two hours. Specific poses resulted in differences in how moods were affected,with back bends associated with greater increases in positive moods. Some mood changes were dependent on one's characteristic personality traits. The positive mood effects of back bends were greater for participants who were relatively hostile or depressed. The specific and nonspecific effects of different bodily postures and movements on psychological processes in Yoga and other forms of physical activity deserve further study. Yoga practices should be investigated for their potential clinical application in mood disorders and depression.

A Daily Diary Study of Executive Functions, Coping, and Mood Among Low-Income Latino Adolescents

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 824-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaclyn Lennon Papadakis ◽  
Anne K. Fuller ◽  
Stephanie K. Brewer ◽  
Rebecca L. Silton ◽  
Catherine DeCarlo Santiago
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Daily Diary ◽  
Latino Adolescents ◽  
Future Research ◽  
School Students ◽  
Daily Diary Study ◽  
Mediation Models

This study used daily diary methodology to examine the association between executive functions and daily mood, as mediated by daily coping, among low-income Latino adolescents. Fifty-eight middle school students (53% male, [Formula: see text] = 13.31 years, 95% Latino) completed baseline measures assessing demographic characteristics and executive functions (working memory, inhibition, shifting). They subsequently completed seven consecutive daily diaries assessing daily coping (engagement, disengagement) and mood (positive, negative). Results revealed two significant mediation models: daily disengagement coping partially mediated the association between working memory and daily negative mood; daily disengagement coping partially mediated the association between inhibition and daily negative mood. Mediation models including shifting and engagement coping were not significant. Findings suggest that adolescents with poorer working memory and poorer inhibition may rely on maladaptive coping strategies, which can impact mood. Clinical implications and recommendations for future research are discussed.

Emotional intelligence intervention in older adults to improve adaptation and reduce negative mood

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Iraida Delhom ◽  
Encarnación Satorres ◽  
Juan C. Meléndez
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Objectives: Emotional intelligence (EI) is a strong predictor of negative mood. Applying emotional skills correctly can help to increase positive emotional states and reduce negative ones. This study aims to implement EI intervention designed to improve clarity, repair EI dimensions and coping strategies, and reduce negative mood in older adults. Design: Participants were randomly assigned to the treatment or control group. Setting: Participants were evaluated individually before and after the intervention. Participants: Participants included 111 healthy older adults; 51 in the treatment group and 60 in the control group. Intervention: An EI program was implemented. The program was administered over 10 sessions lasting 90 min each. Measurements: EI dimension (attention, clarity, and repair), coping strategies, hopelessness, and mood were assessed. Results: Analysis of variance for repeated measures was applied. In the treatment group, scores on clarity and emotional repair increased and attention to emotions decreased; problem-focused coping (problem-solving, positive reappraisal, and seeking social support) showed significant increases, whereas emotion-focused coping (negative self-focused and overt emotional expression) obtained significant decreases; scores on negative mood measures declined significantly. Conclusions: An intervention based on EI is effective in older adults. After the EI intervention, the participants showed significant increases in their levels of clarity and emotional repair and intermediate levels of attention. In addition, the intervention was found to influence adaptation results, increasing the use of adaptive coping strategies and decreasing the use of maladaptive strategies, as well as reducing hopelessness and depressive symptoms.

The Aversiveness of Specific Emotional States Associated with Binge-Eating in Obese Subjects

1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 839-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Kenardy ◽  
Bruce Arnow ◽  
W. Stewart Agras
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Binge Eating Disorder ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Binge Eaters ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Dsm Iv

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the hypothesis that non-purge-related binge-eating in obesity is maintained by a ‘trade-off’ in which a highly aversive emotional state is exchanged for a less aversive state. Method: Ninety-eight obese binge-eaters meeting the DSM-IV criteria for binge-eating disorder [1] were contrasted with 65 non-binge-eating controls on their perceived distress associated with negative mood states usually experienced before and after binges. Results: Binge-eaters reported significantly greater distress and lower tolerance of negative mood compared to controls. Furthermore, when compared with controls, binge-eaters reported that emotions typically reported before binges (e.g. anger) were more aversive than those reported after (e.g. guilt). Conclusions: These results were interpreted as supporting the ‘trade-off’ theory and have implications for the treatment of binge-eating disorder.

Expression Versus Distraction

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-179
Author(s):  
Ciara James ◽  
Jennifer E. Drake ◽  
Ellen Winner
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Mood Induction ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategy

While the benefit of distraction over expression as an emotion regulation strategy has been shown, it is not clear whether this benefit generalizes across a range of activities. To find out, we compared distraction versus expression in drawing, writing, talking, and thinking to oneself. We induced a negative mood in 160 participants by asking them to visualize an upsetting experience. Participants were randomly assigned to an emotion regulation strategy (express or distract) and an activity (draw, write, talk, or think). Positive and negative affect was measured before and after the mood induction and after the activity. Distraction boosted positive affect more than did expression for the draw and think activities, but distraction lowered negative affect more than did expression for all four activities. We conclude that distraction is a more effective emotion regulation strategy than expression in improving mood especially for activities that involve drawing and thinking.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document