scholarly journals 7-T MRI for brain virtual autopsy: a proof of concept in comparison to 3-T MRI and CT

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Gascho ◽  
Niklaus Zoelch ◽  
Stefan Sommer ◽  
Carlo Tappero ◽  
Michael J. Thali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cerebral Lesions ◽  
Likert Scales ◽  
Traumatic Death ◽  
Virtual Autopsy ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

AbstractThe detection and assessment of cerebral lesions and traumatic brain injuries are of particular interest in forensic investigations in order to differentiate between natural and traumatic deaths and to reconstruct the course of events in case of traumatic deaths. For this purpose, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are applied to supplement autopsy (traumatic death) or to supplant autopsy (natural deaths). This approach is termed “virtual autopsy.” The value of this approach increases as more microlesions and traumatic brain injuries are detected and assessed. Focusing on these findings, this article describes the examination of two decedents using CT, 3-T, and 7-T MRI. The main question asked was whether there is a benefit in using 7-T over 3-T MRI. To answer this question, the 3-T and 7-T images were graded regarding the detectability and the assessability of coup/contrecoup injuries and microlesions using 3-point Likert scales. While CT missed these findings, they were detectable on 3-T and 7-T MRI. However, the 3-T images appeared blurry in direct comparison with the 7-T images; thus, the detectability and assessability of small findings were hampered on 3-T MRI. The potential benefit of 7-T over 3-T MRI is discussed.

scholarly journals Repeated mild traumatic brain injuries induce persistent changes in plasma protein and magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers in the rat

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David K. Wright ◽  
Rhys D. Brady ◽  
Alaa Kamnaksh ◽  
Jack Trezise ◽  
Mujun Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Transient Nature ◽  
Neurological Abnormalities ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
And Diffusion

Abstract A single mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) typically causes only transient symptoms, but repeated mTBI (RmTBI) is associated with cumulative and chronic neurological abnormalities. Clinical management of mTBI is challenging due to the heterogeneous, subjective and transient nature of symptoms, and thus would be aided by objective biomarkers. Promising biomarkers including advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and plasma levels of select proteins were examined here in a rat model of RmTBI. Rats received either two mild fluid percussion or sham injuries administered five days apart. Rats underwent MRI and behavioral testing 1, 3, 5, 7, and 30 days after the second injury and blood samples were collected on days 1, 7, and 30. Structural and diffusion-weighted MRI revealed that RmTBI rats had abnormalities in the cortex and corpus callosum. Proteomic analysis of plasma found that RmTBI rats had abnormalities in markers indicating axonal and vascular injury, metabolic and mitochondrial dysfunction, and glial reactivity. These changes occurred in the presence of ongoing cognitive and sensorimotor deficits in the RmTBI rats. Our findings demonstrate that RmTBI can result in chronic neurological abnormalities, provide insight into potential contributing pathophysiological mechanisms, and supports the use of MRI and plasma protein measures as RmTBI biomarkers.

Utility of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in severe focal traumatic brain injuries

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 375-382
Author(s):  
F. Prieto-Valderrey ◽  
J.R. Muñiz-Montes ◽  
J.A. López-García ◽  
J. Villegas-del Ojo ◽  
J. Málaga-Gil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging

scholarly journals Virtopsy—The Scalpel Free Autopsy: A Review of Literature

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-172
Author(s):  
Amita Rahul Navalkar
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Body ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Forensic Imaging ◽  
Virtual Autopsy ◽  
One Step ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
3D Scans ◽  
To Receive

ABSTRACT Forensic medicine aims for the documentation of medical and other forensic findings in living and deceased persons for the police and the judiciary system. Autopsy is the scientific examination of bodies after death, where whole surface of the body as well as all the body cavities are explored to record the findings. At the same time it is also equally important to consider the sentiments of the relatives of the deceased who may get upset at conventional autopsies. So, if there exists a means by which all the findings in the body can be established without hurting anyone's sentiments should be accepted. Virtopsy or virtual autopsy is one step ahead in this field where three-dimensional (3D) scans using computed tomography (CT) scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pictures are employed sans using the scalpel for performing autopsies on victims to receive more information aiding in diagnosis and contributing significantly toward forensic science. This review wishes to highlight virtopsy as an important tool in forensic imaging and identification. How to cite this article Navalkar AR. Virtopsy—The Scalpel Free Autopsy: A Review of Literature. J Contemp Dent 2015;5(3):168-172.

scholarly journals Diagnostic imaging of shoulder rotator cuff lesions

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcello Henrique Nogueira-Barbosa ◽  
José Batista Volpon ◽  
Jorge Elias Jr ◽  
Gerson Muccillo
Keyword(s):  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Shoulder Impingement ◽  
Rotator Cuff Lesions ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Cuff Repair

Shoulder rotator cuff tendon tears were evaluated with ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Surgical or arthroscopical correlation were available in 25 cases. Overall costs were also considered. Shoulder impingement syndrome diagnosis was done on a clinical basis. Surgery or arthroscopy was considered when conservative treatment failure for 6 months, or when rotator cuff repair was indicated. Ultrasound was performed in 22 patients and MRI in 17 of the 25 patients. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 80%, 100% and 90.9% for US and 90%, 100% and 94.12% for MRI, respectively. In 16 cases both US and MRI were obtained and in this subgroup statistical correlation was excellent (p< 0.001). We concluded that both methods are reliable for rotator cuff full thickness tear evaluation. Since US is less expensive, it could be considered as the screening method when rotator cuff integrity is the main question, and when well trained radiologists and high resolution equipment are available.

scholarly journals Early Prediction of Cognitive Deficits After Traumatic Brain Injury Based on AD-Like Patterns of Neurodegeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 372-373
Author(s):  
Alexander Maher ◽  
Kenneth Rostowsky ◽  
Nikhil Chaudhari ◽  
Nahian Chowdhury ◽  
Elliot Jacobs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Cortical Regions ◽  
And Function ◽  
And Diffusion

Abstract Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are frequently followed by persistent brain alterations and by cognitive sequalae, especially in older adults. Although mild TBI (mTBI) is a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the extent to which the two conditions are related remains largely unexplored. Using structural, functional and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we have identified AD-like post-traumatic neurodegeneration patterns that accurately prognosticate cognitive decline after geriatric mTBI. Our results indicate that these features involve cortical regions and circuitry mediating memory and executive function, and that AD neurodegeneration has key structural and functional similarities to post-traumatic neurodegradation. Using machine learning of such similarities, we have accurately forecast the severity of chronic cognitive deficits after geriatric mTBI based on acute neuroimaging measures. Our findings demonstrate that AD-like alterations in brain structure and function observed early after injury can predict post-traumatic mild cognitive impairment, which is itself strongly associated with AD risk.

scholarly journals Shaken Baby Syndrome: Simple Review Article

2021 ◽  
pp. 295-303
Author(s):  
Sawsan Hassan Abdullah Hashim ◽  
Haneen Obaid Alanazi ◽  
Reham Arif A. Alanazi ◽  
Rahaf Meshal Lafi Alanazi ◽  
Rasil Naif Muhalhil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Shaken Baby Syndrome ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Neck Injuries ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Biomechanical Models ◽  
Acceleration And Deceleration ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Rule Out

Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS) occurs in infants when the head is subjected to excessive acceleration and deceleration. Guthkelch first identified SBS when he noticed that infants with subdural hematoma did not always have gross markings, indicating the possibility of a baby shaking. The rotational force pushes the brain against the skull, causing various types of head and neck injuries. Ophthalmologic testing for retinal haemorrhages and ocular fundus, which can rule out SBS, is one of the tests for SBS. Immunohistochemical staining for -amyloid precursor protein (-APP) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) accurately identify brain injuries and bleeding, resulting in a more accurate diagnosis of SBS. SBS symptoms are shared by other etiologies, making it difficult to determine the true cause of infantile injury. Experiments using biomechanical models to recreate the whiplash movement have not revealed subdural haemorrhaging, but limitations in the models have doubt to these results.

scholarly journals The Role Of Neuro-Imaging Techniques In Prediction Of Stroke

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.36) ◽  
pp. 549
Author(s):  
R. Maharishi ◽  
Maya Rathnasabapathy
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Neuropsychological Functions ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Neuro Imaging ◽  
Neuroimaging Techniques

At present there are many techniques and methods are used to measuring brain injuries or functions of the brain in the modern medicine scenario. A critical goal of this research study is that the stroke has classified the location and volume of the lesion for treatment. In the stroke assessment most commonly used brain imaging techniques are administered to evaluate the position of pathology and its functions. Any types of stroke it may be it will be assessed based on the Neuro-imaging methods like Computerized Tomography (CT scan), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI scan), Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), Electroencephalography (EEG), Tissue Plasminogen Activator (Tpa), Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).  These neuroimaging techniques are excellent technical development to the current state wherein these methods provide physiological information highly relevant to the stroke patient. And also the study is exploring how the neuroimaging techniques are making a significant impact on the neuropsychological functions of stroke patients. 

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