Emerging magnetic resonance imaging techniques in open spina bifida in utero

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an essential diagnostic modality for congenital disorders of the central nervous system. Recent advancements have transformed foetal MRI into a clinically feasible tool, and in an effort to find predictors of clinical outcomes in spinal dysraphism, foetal MRI began to unveil its potential. The purpose of our review is to introduce MRI techniques to experts with diverse backgrounds, who are involved in the management of spina bifida. We introduce advanced foetal MRI postprocessing potentially improving the diagnostic work-up. Importantly, we discuss how postprocessing can lead to a more efficient utilisation of foetal or neonatal MRI data to depict relevant anatomical characteristics. We provide a critical perspective on how structural, diffusion and metabolic MRI are utilised in an endeavour to shed light on the correlates of impaired development. We found that the literature is consistent about the value of MRI in providing morphological cues about hydrocephalus development, hindbrain herniation or outcomes related to shunting and motor functioning. MRI techniques, such as foetal diffusion MRI or diffusion tractography, are still far from clinical use; however, postnatal studies using these methods revealed findings that may reflect early neural correlates of upstream neuronal damage in spinal dysraphism.

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Evaluation and management of Cushing syndrome in cases of negative sellar magnetic resonance imaging

Neurosurgical FOCUS ◽

10.3171/foc.2007.23.3.4 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Jay Jagannathan ◽

Jason P. Sheehan ◽

John A. Jane

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Mr Imaging ◽

Cushing Syndrome ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Effective Treatment Option ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cushing Disease ◽

Diagnostic Modality

✓ The treatment of patients with Cushing disease and without magnetic resonance (MR) imaging evidence of Cushing disease (that is, negative MR imaging) is discussed in this paper. Magnetic resonance imaging is the diagnostic modality of choice in Cushing disease, but in up to 40% of these patients negative imaging can be caused by tumor-related factors and limitations in imaging techniques. In cases in which the MR imaging is negative, it is critical to make sure that the diagnosis of Cushing disease is correct. This can be accomplished by performing a complete laboratory and imaging workup, including dexamethasone suppression tests, imaging of the adrenal glands, and inferior petrosal sinus sampling when appropriate. If these evaluations suggest a pituitary source of the hypercortisolemia, then transsphenoidal surgery remains the treatment of choice. The authors favor the endoscopic approach because it gives a wider and more magnified view of the sella and allows inspection of the medial cavernous sinus walls. Radiosurgery is an effective treatment option in patients with persistent Cushing disease. When a target cannot be found on MR imaging, one can target the entire sellar region with radiosurgery.

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Cross-sectional anatomy, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging of the banded houndshark (Triakis scyllium)

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-80823-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sang Wha Kim ◽

Adams Hei Long Yuen ◽

Cherry Tsz Ching Poon ◽

Joon Oh Hwang ◽

Chang Jun Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Computed Tomography ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Evolutionary Developmental Biology ◽

Phylogenetic Position ◽

Ct Scanner ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Cross Sectional

AbstractDue to their important phylogenetic position among extant vertebrates, sharks are an invaluable group in evolutionary developmental biology studies. A thorough understanding of shark anatomy is essential to facilitate these studies and documentation of this iconic taxon. With the increasing availability of cross-sectional imaging techniques, the complicated anatomy of both cartilaginous and soft tissues can be analyzed non-invasively, quickly, and accurately. The aim of this study is to provide a detailed anatomical description of the normal banded houndshark (Triakis scyllium) using computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) along with cryosection images. Three banded houndsharks were scanned using a 64-detector row spiral CT scanner and a 3 T MRI scanner. All images were digitally stored and assessed using open-source Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine viewer software in the transverse, sagittal, and dorsal dimensions. The banded houndshark cadavers were then cryosectioned at approximately 1-cm intervals. Corresponding transverse cryosection images were chosen to identify the best anatomical correlations for transverse CT and MRI images. The resulting images provided excellent detail of the major anatomical structures of the banded houndshark. The illustrations in the present study could be considered as a useful reference for interpretation of normal and pathological imaging studies of sharks.

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High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Human Median Nerve

Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair ◽

10.1177/0888439004267074 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 80-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Archie Heddings ◽

Mehmet Bilgen ◽

Randolph Nudo ◽

Bruce Toby ◽

Terence McIff ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

High Resolution ◽

Peripheral Nerve ◽

Median Nerve ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Proton Density ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Imaging Protocols

Objectives. It is widely accepted that peripheral nerve repairs performed within 6 weeks of injury have much better outcomes than those performed at later dates. However, there is no diagnostic technique that can determine if a traumatic peripheral nerve injury requires surgical intervention in the early postinjury phase. The objective of this article was to determine whether novel, noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging techniques could demonstrate the microstructure of human peripheral nerves that is necessary for determining prognosis and determining if surgery is indicated following traumatic injury. Methods. Ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging protocols were developed on a 9.4-T research scanner using spin-echo proton density and gradient-echo imaging sequences and a specially designed, inductively coupled radio frequency coil. These imaging protocols were applied to in situ imaging of the human median nerve in 4 fresh-frozen cadaver arms. Results. Noninvasive high-resolution images of the human median nerve were obtained. Structures in the nerve that were observed included fascicles, interfascicular epineurium, perineurium, and intrafascicular septations. Conclusion. Application of these imaging techniques to clinical scanners could provide physicians with a tool that is capable of grading the severity of nerve injuries and providing indications for surgery in the early postinjury phase.

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Definitive Diagnosis and Location of Peanuts in the Airways Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques

Annals of Emergency Medicine ◽

10.1016/s0196-0644(94)70366-3 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 23 (6) ◽

pp. 1379-1382 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Hitoshi Imaizumi ◽

Masamitsu Kaneko ◽

Satoshi Nara ◽

Hiroko Saito ◽

Koji Asakura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Definitive Diagnosis ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques

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Tracking Transplanted Stem Cells Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and the Nanoparticle Labeling Method in Urology

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/231805 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jae Heon Kim ◽

Hong J. Lee ◽

Yun Seob Song

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Molecular Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Imaging Modality ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Image Resolution ◽

Imaging Method ◽

Resonance Imaging

A reliablein vivoimaging method to localize transplanted cells and monitor their viability would enable a systematic investigation of cell therapy. Most stem cell transplantation studies have used immunohistological staining, which does not provide information about the migration of transplanted cellsin vivoin the same host. Molecular imaging visualizes targeted cells in a living host, which enables determining the biological processes occurring in transplanted stem cells. Molecular imaging with labeled nanoparticles provides the opportunity to monitor transplanted cells noninvasively without sacrifice and to repeatedly evaluate them. Among several molecular imaging techniques, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides high resolution and sensitivity of transplanted cells. MRI is a powerful noninvasive imaging modality with excellent image resolution for studying cellular dynamics. Several types of nanoparticles including superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and magnetic nanoparticles have been used to magnetically label stem cells and monitor viability by MRI in the urologic field. This review focuses on the current role and limitations of MRI with labeled nanoparticles for tracking transplanted stem cells in urology.

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Cubatic structural transformation of granular cylinders packing

Soft Matter ◽

10.1039/d1sm01440d ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yunhao Ding ◽

Dianjinfeng Gong ◽

Jing Yang ◽

Zhen Xu ◽

Zhichao Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Boundary Condition ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Aspect Ratio ◽

Structural Transformation ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques

Packing structures of granular cylinders with aspect ratio close to one have been reconstructed with the help of magnetic resonance imaging techniques. By controlling the container boundary condition and preparation...

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Diagnostic Imaging Techniques

10.2310/7ccsp.1039 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Gerald W. Staton Jr ◽

Phuong-Anh T. Duong

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Computed Tomography ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Diagnostic Imaging ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Photon Emission ◽

Chest Radiographs ◽

Medical Community ◽

Multidetector Row Computed Tomography ◽

Resonance Imaging

Chest imaging techniques are evolving with recent advances in computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasonography. While conventional radiography remains an important screening tool because of its low relative cost, ease of acquisition, general availability, and familiarity, physicians must understand all techniques so as to provide patients with the most appropriate diagnostic imaging. Consultation with radiologists, use of online clinical decision support, and adherence to national guidelines such as the American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria®, can help clinicians make imaging decisions, especially in light of medical imaging risks that are of concern in the medical community and the general population. Choosing appropriate imaging, including whether or not to image, requires careful consideration. This review contains 6 figures, 3 tables, and 6 references. Key Words: Chest Radiographs, Dual-Energy Chest Radiographs, Computed Tomography, High-Resolution Chest Computed Tomography, Multidetector Row Computed Tomography, Computed Tomographic Angiography for Pulmonary Embolism, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Single-Photon Emission Tomography (SPECT), Ultrasonography

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Thumb Injuries and Instabilities. Part 1: Anatomy, Kinesiology, and Imaging Techniques of the Thumb

Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1730397 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (02) ◽

pp. 346-354

Author(s):

Alain G. Blum ◽

Marnix T. van Holsbeeck ◽

Stefano Bianchi

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Computed Tomography ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Diagnostic Accuracy ◽

Motor Function ◽

Crucial Role ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Pathologic Lesions ◽

Essential Function

AbstractThe unique anatomical characteristics of the thumb offer a broad range of motion and the ability to oppose thumb and finger, an essential function for grasping. The motor function of the thumb and its orientation make it particularly vulnerable to trauma. Pathologic lesions encountered in this joint are varied, and imaging techniques play a crucial role in injury detection and characterization. Despite advances in diagnostic accuracy, acute thumb injuries pose a challenge for the radiologist. The complex and delicate anatomy requires meticulous and technically flawless image acquisition. Standard radiography and ultrasonography are currently the most frequently used imaging techniques. Computed tomography is most often indicated for complex fractures and dislocations, and magnetic resonance imaging may be useful in equivocal cases. In this article, we present the relevant anatomy and imaging techniques of the thumb.

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U mỡ trong xương bướm: một trường hợp hiếm gặp

Journal of Clinical Medicine- Hue Central Hospital ◽

10.38103/jcmhch.2021.71.6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Thu Hien Trinh Thi

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Rare Case ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Brain Mri ◽

Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Sphenoid Bone ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Large Tumor ◽

Intraosseous Lipoma

TÓM TẮT U mỡ trong xương là khối u lành tính hiếm gặp, thường gặp ở các xương dẹt, hiếm gặp ở xương nền sọ, đặc biệt là xương bướm. Trong đa số các trường hợp, u mỡ trong xương bướm thường được phát hiện tình cờ qua chụp cắt lớp vi tinh (CLVT) hoặc cộng hưởng từ (CHT) sọ não. Đây là một khối u phát triển chậm, ít gây ra triệu chứng, một số trường hợp gây triệu chứng khi khối u to chèn ép vào cấu trúc lân cận như tuyến yên hoặc dây thần kinh thị. Trong bài này, chúng tôi báo cáo một trường hợp u mỡ trong xương bướm không triệu chứng được phát hiện tình cờ và được chẩn đoán dựa vào phim chụp cộng hưởng từ sọ não. Bệnh nhân được khuyến nghị theo dõi định kỳ bằng cộng hưởng từ mà không phải tiến hành bất kỳ phương pháp điều trị nào. Từ khóa: U mỡ, xương bướm, MRI, cộng hưởng từ sọ não, chẩn đoán hình ảnh. ABSTRACT INTRAOSSEOUS LIPOMA OF SPHENOID BONE: A RARE CASE REVIEW Intraosseous lipoma is very rare, usually benign tumor of flat bones. The incidence of an intraosseous lipomalocated basal skull bones is extremely rare, especially in sphenoid bone. Radiological imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) are used to detect the intraosseous lipoma by accident. These tumors are slow growing and usually asymptomatic, in some cases causing symptoms when the large tumor presses on nearby structures such as pituitary gland or the optic nerve. We present a rare case of lipomaof the sphenoid bone discovered incidentally with brain magnetic resonance imaging. The patient has been followed-up by magnetic resonance imaging without the need for surgery. Keywords: Intraosseous lipoma, sphenoid bone, MRI, brain MRI, diagnostic radiology

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Perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Assess Brain Tumor Responses to New Therapies

Cancer Control ◽

10.1177/107327489800500202 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 115-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Michael H. Lev ◽

Fred Hochberg

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Brain Tumor ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Perfusion Mri ◽

Perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Normal Brain ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

New Therapies ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Background: Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is effective in detecting the location of intracranial tumors, new imaging techniques have been studied that may enhance the specificity for the prediction of histologic grade of tumor and for the distinction between recurrence and tumor necrosis associated with cancer therapy. Methods: The authors review their experience and that of others on the use of perfusion magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate responses of brain tumors to new therapies. Results: Functional imaging techniques that can distinguish tumor from normal brain tissue using physiological parameters. These new approaches provide maps of tumor perfusion to monitor the effects of novel compounds that restrict tumor angiogenesis. Conclusions: Perfusion MRI not only may be as effective as radionuclide-based techniques in sensitivity and specificity in assessing brain tumor responses to new therapies, but also may offer higher resolution and convenient co-registration with conventional MRI, as well as time- and cost-effectiveness. Further study is needed to determine the role of perfusion MRI in assessing brain tumor responses to new therapies.

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