Coating seeds with Trichoderma strains promotes plant growth and enhance the systemic resistance against Fusarium crown rot in durum wheat

Abstract Background Fusarium crown rot is one of the major diseases that cause significant yield losses of wheat, and Trichoderma strains were known as an effective biocontrol agent. Main body The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of coating durum wheat seeds of the cultivar “Karim” with 3 different Tunisian strains of Trichoderma sp. (S.INAT, SIO1, SIO2) and the Trichoderma-based commercial product Trianum-T22 on seed germination, seedling growth, and plant defense response against the pathogen Fusarium culmorum. The strains were identified using molecular tools based on sequencing ITS region of ribosomal DNA. The results confirmed at 99% of homology that the strains were T. harzianum. Under controlled conditions, the coating seeds were released with 400 μl of spore suspension at 107 spores/ml. The seed coating with Trianum-P, and S.INAT showed the highest seed germination rates ranging from 85 to 90% while S.IO1 and S.IO2 presented the lowest germination rates with 66 and 68%, respectively. At 20 days post-infection (dpi) with F. culmorum, the treated plants with S.INAT and Trianum-T22 reduced the disease incidence by 53.59 and 51.79%, respectively than the control. Besides, S.INAT induced two-folds the phenolic compounds level compared to infected control. Further, the peroxidase activity was enhanced by 50% in average since 10 dpi in plants treated with S.INAT and SIO2 than the control. Conclusion The results suggest that seed coating with T. harzianum S.INAT was a promising tool for crop production and protection under field conditions due to both direct antagonist activity and the indirect growth promotion. This strain seems to induce the systemic resistance of plants against foot crown rot disease.

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Exploring the Potential of Meyerozyma guilliermondii on Physiological Performances and Defense Response against Fusarium Crown Rot on Durum Wheat

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10010052 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 52

Author(s):

Zayneb Kthiri ◽

Maissa Ben Jabeur ◽

Fadia Chairi ◽

Camilo López-Cristoffanini ◽

Marta López-Carbonell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Fusarium Culmorum ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Growth Promoter ◽

Seed Coating ◽

Wheat Growth ◽

Fusarium Crown Rot ◽

Meyerozyma Guilliermondii

Coating seeds with bio-control agents is a potentially effective approach to reduce the usage of pesticides and fertilizers applied and protect the natural environment. This study evaluated the effect of seed coating with Meyerozyma guilliermondii, strain INAT (MT731365), on seed germination, plant growth and photosynthesis, and plant resistance against Fusarium culmorum, in durum wheat under controlled conditions. Compared to control plants, seed coating with M. guilliermondii promoted the wheat growth (shoot and roots length and biomass), and photosynthesis and transpiration traits (chlorophyll, ɸPSII, rates of photosynthesis and transpiration, etc.) together with higher nitrogen balance index (NBI) and lower flavonols and anthocyanins. At 21 days post infection with Fusarium, M. guilliermondii was found to reduce the disease incidence and the severity, with reduction rates reaching up to 31.2% and 30.4%, respectively, as well as to alleviate the disease damaging impact on photosynthesis and plant growth. This was associated with lower ABA, flavonols and anthocyanins, compared to infected control. A pivotal function of M. guilliermondii as an antagonist of F. culmorum and a growth promoter is discussed.

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Colonization of Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) Culms Exhibiting Premature Senescence (Dead Heads) Associated with Fusarium pseudograminearum Crown Rot

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-03-17-0415-re ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 101 (10) ◽

pp. 1788-1794 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Noel L. Knight ◽

Bethany Macdonald ◽

Mark W. Sutherland

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Disease Susceptibility ◽

Triticum Turgidum ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

Fusarium Crown Rot ◽

Fusarium Pseudograminearum ◽

Field Samples ◽

Key Factor ◽

Significant Disease

Fusarium crown rot is a significant disease of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum), which exhibits high levels of disease susceptibility. The most extreme symptom of crown rot is a prematurely senescing culm that typically fails to set grain. Individual crown rot-affected durum wheat plants displaying both nonsenescent and prematurely senescent culms were harvested to compare visual discoloration, Fusarium pseudograminearum biomass, and vascular colonization in culm sections sampled at three different heights above the crown. Field samples of EGA Bellaroi were collected at Wellcamp, QLD, in 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014, and of Hyperno at Narrabri, NSW, in 2014. Prematurely senescent culms exhibited greater visual discoloration, F. pseudograminearum biomass, and vascular colonization than nonsenescent culms in each year they were examined. The extent of these differences varied between environments and timing of collection in each year. Vascular colonization initially occurred in xylem vessels and spread into phloem tissues as disease severity increased. The increased presence of hyphae in vascular bundles of prematurely senescing culms provides strong evidence for the hypothesis that restriction of water and nutrient movement in a diseased culm is a key factor in crown rot severity.

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Genetic Variance for Fusarium Crown Rot Tolerance in Durum Wheat

10.1101/2020.10.05.326058 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gururaj Kadkol ◽

Jess Meza ◽

Steven Simpfendorfer ◽

Steve Harden ◽

Brian Cullis

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Genetic Variance ◽

Field Trials ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Tolerance Index ◽

Fusarium Crown Rot ◽

N Yield ◽

Good Repeatability ◽

Tolerance Indices

AbstractTolerance to the cereal disease Fusarium crown rot (FCR) was investigated in a set of 34 durum wheat genotypes, with Suntop, (bread wheat) and EGA Bellaroi (durum) as tolerant and intolerant checks, in a series of replicated field trials over four years with inoculated (FCR-i) and non-inoculated (FCR-n) plots of the genotypes. The genotypes included conventional durum lines and lines derived from crossing durum with 2-49, a bread wheat line with the highest level of partial resistance to FCR. A split plot trial design was chosen to optimize the efficiency for the prediction of FCR tolerance for each genotype. A multi-environment trial (MET) analysis was undertaken which indicated that there was good repeatability of FCR tolerance across years. Based on an FCR tolerance index, Suntop was the most tolerant genotype and EGA Bellaroi was very intolerant, but many durum wheats had FCR tolerance indices which were comparable to Suntop. These included some conventional durum lines, V101030, TD1702, V11TD013*3X-63 and DBA Bindaroi, as well as genotypes from crosses with 2-49 (V114916 and V114942). The correlation between FCR tolerance and FCR-n yield predictions was moderately negative indicating it could be somewhat difficult to develop high yielding FCR-tolerant genotypes. However, FCR tolerance showed a positive correlation with FCR-i yield predictions in seasons of high disease expression indicating it could be possible to screen for FCR tolerance using only FCR-i treatments. These results are the first demonstration of genetic diversity in durum germplasm for FCR tolerance and they provide a basis for breeding for this trait.

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Different Tolerance in Bread Wheat, Durum Wheat and Barley to Fusarium Crown Rot Disease Caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum

Journal of Phytopathology ◽

10.1111/j.1439-0434.2012.01920.x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 160 (7-8) ◽

pp. 412-417 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Yaxi Liu ◽

Jun Ma ◽

Wei Yan ◽

Guijun Yan ◽

Meixue Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Fusarium Crown Rot ◽

Fusarium Pseudograminearum ◽

Rot Disease

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Effects of Lysobacter antibioticus HS124, an effective biocontrol agent against Fusarium graminearum, on crown rot disease and growth promotion of wheat

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/cjm-2019-0285 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 65 (12) ◽

pp. 904-912 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yun-Tae Kim ◽

Sararat Monkhung ◽

Yong Seong Lee ◽

Kil Yong Kim

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Graminearum ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Growth Promotion ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Culture Method ◽

Microscopic Investigation ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Rot Disease

Lysobacter antibioticus HS124 inhibited mycelial growth of Fusarium graminearum (74.66%) under the dual culture method. Microscopic investigation clearly showed that amendment with different concentrations (10%, 30%, and 50%) of HS124 bacterial culture filtrate on potato dextrose agar plates caused abnormal hyphal structures, including swelling and distortion. Its inhibition toward mycelial growth of F. graminearum was increased with increasing concentration of n-butanol crude extract of HS124. The highest inhibition (43.14%) was detected at a crude concentration of 10 mg/disc, whereas the lowest inhibition (21.57%) was observed at 2 mg/disc. Although mycelial growth of F. graminearum was promoted by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by HS124 as compared with the control, these VOCs clearly decreased fungal pigmentation resulting in a reduction of fungal sporulation. Microscopic investigation revealed hyphal deformation of F. graminearum due to VOCs. These compounds also had a negative effect on spore germination of F. graminearum. In vivo evaluations demonstrated that HS124 inoculation of wheat plants reduced crown rot disease incidence by 73.70% as compared with the control. HS124 inoculation of wheat plants also promoted most of the growth characteristics compared with the control or fungicide-treated plants. Our results provide strong evidence that HS124 could control F. graminearum infections and promote growth of wheat plants as part of management strategies for crown rot disease.

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Genetic variation for fusarium crown rot tolerance in durum wheat

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0240766 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. e0240766

Author(s):

Gururaj Pralhad Kadkol ◽

Jess Meza ◽

Steven Simpfendorfer ◽

Steve Harden ◽

Brian Cullis

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Field Trials ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Tolerance Index ◽

Fusarium Crown Rot ◽

N Yield ◽

Good Repeatability ◽

Tolerance Indices ◽

Disease Pressure

Tolerance to the cereal disease Fusarium crown rot (FCR) was investigated in a set of 34 durum wheat genotypes, with Suntop, (bread wheat) and EGA Bellaroi (durum) as tolerant and intolerant controls, in a series of replicated field trials over four years with inoculated (FCR-i) and non-inoculated (FCR-n) plots of the genotypes. The genotypes included conventional durum lines and lines derived from crossing durum with 2–49, a bread wheat genotype with the highest level of partial resistance to FCR. A split plot trial design was chosen to optimize the efficiency for the prediction of FCR tolerance for each genotype. A multi-environment trial (MET) analysis was undertaken which indicated that there was good repeatability of FCR tolerance across years. Based on an FCR tolerance index, Suntop was the most tolerant genotype and EGA Bellaroi was very intolerant, but some durum wheats had FCR tolerance indices which were comparable to Suntop. These included some conventional durum genotypes, V101030, TD1702, V11TD013*3X-63 and DBA Bindaroi, as well as genotypes from crosses with 2–49 (V114916 and V114942). The correlation between FCR tolerance and FCR-n yield predictions was moderately negative indicating it could be somewhat difficult to develop FCR-tolerant genotypes that are high yielding under low disease pressure. However, FCR tolerance showed a positive correlation with FCR-i yield predictions in seasons of high disease expression indicating it could be possible to screen for FCR tolerance using only FCR-i treatments. These results are the first demonstration of genetic diversity in durum germplasm for FCR tolerance and they provide a basis for breeding for this trait.

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Biological Investigations of Hydrogel Formulations Based Bioactive Natural Agents Against Some Common Phytopathogens of Phaseolus vulgaris L. and Seed Germination

Journal of Biological Research - Bollettino della Società Italiana di Biologia Sperimentale ◽

10.4081/jbr.0.9219 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ippolito Camele ◽

Hazem Salaheldin Elshafie ◽

Maria Nuzzaci ◽

Giuseppina Logozzo ◽

Tania Gioia

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Seed Coating ◽

Significant Activity ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽

Chemical Additives ◽

Bioactive Substances ◽

Hydrogel Formulation

Recent scientific research has manipulated the use of hydrogel in seed coating technology based on synthetic and chemical additives. The current study has been carried out to evaluate the performance of new seed coating formulations containing hydrogel based on natural substances or microorganisms on seed germination and controlling some common diseases of Phaseolus vulgaris L. New formulations have been prepared as single mixtures of hydrogel with the following bioactive substances i) oregano essential oil (org EO), ii) ornithine lipid (OL) and two microorganisms i) Burkholderia gladioli and ii) Trichoderma harzianum (T22). Results revealed that, the hydrogel formulation based org EO showed the highest significant activity against the majority of the tested phytopathogens in a dose dependent manner. Regarding the antagonistic microbial activity, results showed that hydrogel formulations based T. harzianum T22 and B. gladioli were able to significantly reduce the growth of the majority of tested phytopathogens. In addition, the highest significant percentage of seed germination has been achieved using the formulations of B. gladioli and org EO. Regarding the disease incidence suppression assay, results explicated that org EO and OL were able to significantly inhibit the fungal disease incidence on P. vulgaris seeds steadily depending on tested concentrations. In conclusion, the use of natural bioactive substances in hydrogel formulation would greatly reduce dependence on chemical pesticides and hence decreasing the environmental pollution and the eventual harmful effects on plant, animal and human health.

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Effects of Osmotic Stress Induced by Polyethylene Glycol (Peg) 6000 and Mannitol on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Durum Wheat

Journal of Bioresource Management ◽

10.35691/jbm.1202.0195 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 57-66

Author(s):

Ratiba Bousba ◽

Rabah Bounar ◽

Narimene Sedrati ◽

Randa Lekhal ◽

Chourouk Hamla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Crop Production ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Wheat Genotype ◽

Peg 6000 ◽

Germination Parameters

Seed germination is generally the critical step in seed establishment and thus the determination of successful crop production. This study was focused at examination of the biochemical and germination parameters effected by low water potential which was generated by polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 and mannitol, related to drought stress and growth of Waha durum wheat genotype. Two tests were carried out in a growth chamber; the first comprises seed germination into Petri dishes in the presence of different concentrations of the two osmoticums (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 % of PEG6000 and mannitol). The second test was carried out in nutrient solution BD medium. Our results shows that Both PEG -6000 and mannitol reduced germination. Therefore, a rapid increase was observed in the rate of germination both for the control plants and the plants subjected to a concentration of 5 g/L and 10 g/L and changes in proportion to the time. For the concentration of 15 g/L and 20 g/L, this phase is very short, which explains the reduced germination rate due to the inhibitory effect of the two osmoticums on germination. In this study, PEG-6000 treatments resulted in an increase of some proteins and a decrease of others. Waha displayed 12 bands for control plants, 40 bands for PEG-6000 stressed plants (all treatments) and 35 bands for mannitol treatments.

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