scholarly journals Biocontrol potential of entomopathogenic fungi, nematodes and bacteria against Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier)

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yasin ◽  
Waqas Wakil ◽  
Mirza Abdul Qayyum ◽  
Sajjad Ali ◽  
Asif Sajjad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular System ◽  
Microbial Control ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rhynchophorus Ferrugineus ◽  
Combined Treatments ◽  
Red Palm Weevil ◽  
Ecological Farming ◽  
Biocontrol Potential ◽  
Laboratory Assay

Abstract Background The red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a serious threat to date palms across the globe, causing heavy yield losses. The pest inflicts damage to palms stem and destroys vascular system; resultantly lower the vigor and affect the growth and yield. For ecological farming system, biological control of the pest is gaining increased interest due to hosts’ specificity, safety to human, animal and non-target organisms, and their compatibility to environment. Results In laboratory assay, Beauveria bassiana, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Bt-k) alone and in combination against sixth instar larvae and adults of four distinct populations of RPW were applied. H. bacteriophora was more effective, followed by B. bassiana and Bt-k in alone treatments. While in combined treatments, the highest mortality was recorded for H. bacteriophora + B. bassiana combination (100% for both stages), followed by H. bacteriophora + Bt-k, (larvae 100%; adults 94.24%) and B. bassiana + Bt-k treatments (larvae: 87.01%; adults: 80.53%). Maximum rate of mycosis (larvae 85.74%; adults 69.07%), sporulation (larvae 189.22 conidia ml−1; adults 164.56 conidia ml−1), cadavers affected by nematodes (larvae 92.4%; adults 81.29%) and nematode production (larvae 178.78 IJs ml−1; adults 153.44 IJs ml−1) was observed where B. bassiana or H. bacteriophora was applied alone and the lowest (larvae 122.78 IJs ml−1; adults: 103.22 IJs ml−1) was recorded for H. bacteriophora + B. bassiana combination. Conclusions Entomopathogens can be effectively used alone and/or in integration to control RPW populations. Natural capability of entomopathogens to infect and disseminate into other hosts makes them excellent biocontrol agents to be incorporated in the IPM plan of RPW and to make palm growers confident with the use of the most promising microbial control agents.

Effects of entomopathogenic nematodes and/or fungus on the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Curculionidae: Coleoptera)

Nematology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1193-1207
Author(s):  
Mujahid Manzoor ◽  
Jam Nazeer Ahmad ◽  
Robin M. Giblin-Davis ◽  
Nazir Javed ◽  
Muhammad Saleem Haider
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Rhynchophorus Ferrugineus ◽  
Combined Treatments ◽  
Red Palm Weevil ◽  
Lethal Effects ◽  
Palm Weevil ◽  
The World ◽  
Early Instar

Summary The invasive red palm weevil (RPW) (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is one of the most destructive palm pests in the world. More options are needed for its management, including optimised use of microbial entomopathogens (EP). The sub-lethal effects of an entomopathogenic fungus (EPF) Beauveria bassiana (isolate WG-11) (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) (at 1 × 104 spores ml−1) and two entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) species, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (at 100 infective juveniles (IJ) ml−1) and Steinernema carpocapsae (at 50 IJ ml−1) were evaluated in various combinations against laboratory-reared 3rd, 5th and 8th instar larvae of RPW in bioassays. Individual and combined effects of both EP were observed after the pre-application of B. bassiana fungus at 0-, 1- and 2-week intervals. Combined treatments were tested for antagonistic, additive and synergistic effects. Additive and synergistic effects were observed in B. bassiana/S. carpocapsae and in B. bassiana/H. bacteriophora combined treatments. Early instar larvae of RPW were more susceptible than older instars. Sole and combined EP treatments decreased pupation, subsequent emergence of RPW adults and hatching. Sub-lethal effects of EP were observed in R. ferrugineus following application at the above-mentioned rates to 3rd, 5th and 8th instar larvae, including reduced larval weights, increased larval, pre-pupal and pupal durations, reduced adult weights and life spans. Simultaneous combined applications of B. bassiana/S. carpocapsae and B. bassiana/H. bacteriophora at the above-mentioned rates against last instar (9th) larvae of R. ferrugineus reduced food consumption, frass production and affected weight gains.

Quarantine Protocol Against Coleopteran Borers in Date Palm Offshoots Using Eco2 Fume Gas

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 190-192
Author(s):  
H.A. El-Shafie ◽  
M.E. Mohammed ◽  
A.A. Sallam
Keyword(s):  
Date Palm ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Rhynchophorus Ferrugineus ◽  
Internal Tissue ◽  
Red Palm Weevil ◽  
Rhinoceros Beetle ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Palm Weevil ◽  
Longhorn Beetle ◽  
The World

Date palm offshoots represent an important source of planting material in many date palm-growing countries around the world. Infestation by the red palm weevil ((RPW) Rhynchophorus ferrugineus), the longhorn beetle ((LHB) Jebusaea hammerschmidti) and the rhinoceros beetle ((OB) Oryctes spp.) hinders commercialization and movement of these offshoots. An effective quarantine protocol, with exposure period of 72 h at 25 °C using ECO2FUME (EF) with phosphine concentration of 1500 ppm has been developed for date palm offshoots against these coleopteran internal tissue borers.

scholarly journals The Effect of Gut Bacteria on the Physiology of Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier and Their Potential for the Control of This Pest

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 594
Author(s):  
Qian-Xia Liu ◽  
Zhi-Ping Su ◽  
Hui-Hui Liu ◽  
Sheng-Ping Lu ◽  
Bing Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Rhynchophorus Ferrugineus ◽  
Intestinal Immunity ◽  
Red Palm Weevil ◽  
Nutrient Metabolism ◽  
Palm Weevil

Red Palm Weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier, is a notorious pest, which infests palm trees and has caused great economic losses worldwide. At present, insecticide applications are still the main way to control this pest. However, pesticide resistance has been detected in the field populations of RPW. Thus, future management strategies based on the novel association biological control need be developed. Recent studies have shown that the intestinal tract of RPW is often colonized by multiple microbial species as mammals and model insects, and gut bacteria have been found to promote the growth, development and immune activity of RPW larvae by modulating nutrient metabolism. Furthermore, two peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs), PGRP-LB and PGRP-S1, can act as the negative regulators to modulate the intestinal immunity to maintain the homeostasis of gut bacteria in RPW larvae. Here, we summarized the current knowledge on the gut bacterial composition of RPW and their impact on the physiological traits of RPW larvae. In contrast with metazoans, it is much easier to make genetic engineered microbes to produce some active molecules against pests. From this perspective, because of the profound effects of gut bacteria on host phenotypes, it is promising to dissect the molecular mechanisms behind their effect on host physiology and facilitate the development of microbial resource-based management methods for pest control.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study on the Microbial Communities of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Red Palm Weevil)-Infected and Healthy Palm Trees

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Alshammari ◽  
Meshari Alazmi ◽  
Naimah A. Alanazi ◽  
Abdel Moneim E. Sulieman ◽  
Vajid N. Veettil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Rhynchophorus Ferrugineus ◽  
Tree Trunk ◽  
Red Palm Weevil ◽  
Healthy Tree ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Infected Tree ◽  
Palm Weevil

AbstractSeveral studies have investigated palm trees’ microbiota infected with red palm weevil (RPW) (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus), the major pest of palm trees. This study compared the microbial communities of infected and uninfected palm trees in the Hail region, Northern Saudi Arabia, determined by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing by Illumina MiSeq. The results indicated that taxonomic diversity variation was higher for infected tree trunk than the healthy tree trunk. Soil samples from the vicinity of healthy and infected trees did not have a significant variation in bacterial diversity. Myxococcota, Acidobacteriota, and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla in RPW-infected tree trunk, and Pseudomonadaceae was the most prominent family. This study is the first report on the characterization of RPW-infected and healthy palm trees’ microbiome.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification of the Gustatory Receptor Gene Family of the Invasive Pest, Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier, 1790)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 611
Author(s):  
Patamarerk Engsontia ◽  
Chutamas Satasook
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Gustatory Receptor ◽  
Rhynchophorus Ferrugineus ◽  
Red Palm Weevil ◽  
Palm Weevil ◽  
Receptor Gene Family

The red palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) is a highly destructive pest of oil palm, date, and coconut in many parts of Asia, Europe, and Africa. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations has called for international collaboration to develop a multidisciplinary strategy to control this invasive pest. Previous research focused on the molecular basis of chemoreception in this species, particularly olfaction, to develop biosensors for early detection and more effective bait traps for mass trapping. However, the molecular basis of gustation, which plays an essential role in discriminating food and egg-laying sites and chemical communication in this species, is limited because its complete gustatory receptor gene family still has not been characterized. We manually annotated the gene family from the recently available genome and transcriptome data and reported 50 gustatory receptor genes encoding 65 gustatory receptors, including 7 carbon dioxide, 9 sugar, and 49 bitter receptors. This study provides a platform for future functional analysis and comparative chemosensory study. A better understanding of gustation will improve our understanding of this species’ complex chemoreception, which is an important step toward developing more effective control methods.

Preliminary evaluation of acoustic sensors for early detection of red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus incidence on oil palm and coconut in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Ain Farhah Ros Saidon Khudri ◽  
Mohamed Mazmira Mohd Masri ◽  
Mohd Shawal Thakib Maidin ◽  
Noorhazwani Kamarudin ◽  
Mohamad Haris Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Rhynchophorus Ferrugineus ◽  
Acoustic Sensors ◽  
Red Palm Weevil ◽  
Palm Weevil
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