Aphid vectors impose a major bottleneck on Soybean dwarf virus populations for horizontal transmission in soybean

Abstract Many RNA viruses have genetically diverse populations in a single host. Important biological characteristics may be related to the levels of diversity, including adaptability, host specificity, and host range. Shifting the virus between hosts might result in a change in the levels of diversity associated with the new host. The level of genetic diversity for these viruses is related to host, vector and virus interactions, and understanding these interactions may facilitate the prediction and prevention of emerging viral diseases. It is known that luteoviruses have a very specific interaction with aphid vectors. Previous studies suggested that there may be a tradeoff effect between the viral adaptation and aphid transmission when Soybean dwarf virus (SbDV) was transmitted into new plant hosts by aphid vectors. In this study, virus titers in different aphid vectors and the levels of population diversity of SbDV in different plant hosts were examined during multiple sequential aphid transmission assays. The diversity of SbDV populations revealed biases for particular types of substitutions and for regions of the genome that may incur mutations among different hosts. Our results suggest that the selection on SbDV in soybean was probably leading to reduced efficiency of virus recognition in the aphid which would inhibit movement of SbDV through vector tissues known to regulate the specificity relationship between aphid and virus in many systems.

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Aphid Transmission and Host Range of Soybean Dwarf Virus

Japanese Journal of Phytopathology ◽

10.3186/jjphytopath.36.266 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 266-274 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Tetsuo TAMADA

Keyword(s):

Host Range ◽

Aphid Transmission ◽

Dwarf Virus ◽

Soybean Dwarf Virus

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The N-Terminal Region of the Readthrough Domain Is Closely Related to Aphid Vector Specificity of Soybean dwarf virus

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto.2003.93.12.1560 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 93 (12) ◽

pp. 1560-1564 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Hidetaka Terauchi ◽

Ken-ichiro Honda ◽

Noriko Yamagishi ◽

Seiji Kanematsu ◽

Kiyoshi Ishiguro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽

Aphid Transmission ◽

Amino Acid Sequences ◽

Dwarf Virus ◽

Reading Frame ◽

Aphid Vector ◽

Close Relationship ◽

Vector Specificity ◽

Soybean Dwarf Virus

It has been speculated that the N-terminal half of the readthrough domain (RTD) encoded by open reading frame 5 of Soybean dwarf virus (SbDV) is related to the vector specificity. To further investigate this hypothesis, transmissibility via aphids was tested on 17 SbDV isolates and comparisons of the deduced amino acid sequences of the coat protein (CP) and other proteins encoded by the RTD were made between these isolates. Isolates were distinguished into four strains: YS, causing yellowing in soybean and transmittable by Aulacorthum solani; DS, causing dwarfing and transmittable by A. solani; YP, causing yellowing and transmittable by Acyrthosiphon pisum; and DP, causing dwarfing and transmittable by A. pisum. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the trees for the CP and the C-terminal half of the RTD sequences contained clusters of isolates of the same symptom type, whereas the tree for the N-terminal half of the RTD contained clusters of isolates of the same aphid vector type. These results agreed with our previous data of the complete nucleotide sequences of four SbDV isolates, and strongly indicated a close relationship between the N-terminal half of the RTD amino acid sequences and aphid transmission specificity of SbDV.

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Lasiodiplodia theobromae: A NEW HOST AND A REVISION OF PLANT HOSTS REPORTED IN BRAZIL

Agrotrópica (Itabuna) ◽

10.21757/0103-3816.2012v24n1p63-66 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 63-66

Author(s):

Nadja Santos Vitoria ◽

Maria Auxiliadora Q. Cavalcanti ◽

José Luiz Bezerra

Keyword(s):

New Host ◽

Lasiodiplodia Theobromae ◽

Plant Hosts

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Molecular characterization of chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus and peanut witches’ broom phytoplasma associated with chickpea stunt disease and identification of new host crops and leafhopper vectors in India

3 Biotech ◽

10.1007/s13205-020-02613-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Madem Gurivi Reddy ◽

Virendra Kumar Baranwal ◽

Doddachowdappa Sagar ◽

Govind Pratap Rao

Keyword(s):

Sequence Comparison ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Uttar Pradesh ◽

Rflp Analysis ◽

Dwarf Virus ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

New Delhi ◽

New Host ◽

Severe Stunting ◽

Virtual Rflp

AbstractAn investigation was carried out to identify and characterize the phytoplasma and viruses associated with the chickpea varieties showing severe stunting, leaf reddening, yellowing and phyllody symptoms during the summer season of 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 in eight states of India. The average disease incidence was recorded from 3 to 32% in different states. The presence of chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus (CpCDV) was confirmed in thirty-seven chickpea samples by amplification of CpCDV coat protein gene and sequence comparison analysis. No record of association of luteovirus, polerovirus and cucumovirus could be detected in any of the symptomatic chickpea samples by RT-PCR assay. Brassica nigra, B. juncea, Lens culinaris, two weeds (Heteropogan contartus, Aeschynomene virginica) and one leafhopper (Amarasca biguttula) were identified as new putative hosts for CpCDV. Association of peanut witches’ broom phytoplasma was confirmed in twenty-eight chickpea samples, Sesamum indicum, five weeds hosts and two leafhopper species (Exitianus indicus, Empoasca motti) using nested PCR assays with primer pairs P1/P7 and R16F2n/R16Rn. The results of phytoplasma association in plants and leafhopper samples were further validated by using five multilocus genes (secA, rp, imp, tuf and secY) specific primers. Sequence comparison, phylogenetic and virtual RFLP analysis of 16S rRNA gene and five multilocus genes confirmed the identity of association of 16SrII-C and 16SrII-D subgroups of phytoplasmas strain with chickpea samples collected from Andhra Pradesh (AP), Telangana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and New Delhi. Mixed infection of phytoplasma (16SrII-D) and CpCDV was also detected in symptomatic chickpea samples from AP and Telangana. The reports of association of 16SrII-C subgroup phytoplasma in chickpea and 16SrII-D subgroup phytoplasma in C. sparsiflora and C. roseus are the new host records in world and from India, respectively.

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Aphid Transmission of Potyvirus: The Largest Plant-Infecting RNA Virus Genus

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v12070773 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 773

Author(s):

Kiran R. Gadhave ◽

Saurabh Gautam ◽

David A. Rasmussen ◽

Rajagopalbabu Srinivasan

Keyword(s):

Rna Virus ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Aphid Transmission ◽

Species Variation ◽

Plant Biochemistry ◽

Potyvirus Species ◽

Wide Range ◽

Aphid Vectors ◽

Global Agriculture ◽

Aphid Behavior

Potyviruses are the largest group of plant infecting RNA viruses that cause significant losses in a wide range of crops across the globe. The majority of viruses in the genus Potyvirus are transmitted by aphids in a non-persistent, non-circulative manner and have been extensively studied vis-à-vis their structure, taxonomy, evolution, diagnosis, transmission, and molecular interactions with hosts. This comprehensive review exclusively discusses potyviruses and their transmission by aphid vectors, specifically in the light of several virus, aphid and plant factors, and how their interplay influences potyviral binding in aphids, aphid behavior and fitness, host plant biochemistry, virus epidemics, and transmission bottlenecks. We present the heatmap of the global distribution of potyvirus species, variation in the potyviral coat protein gene, and top aphid vectors of potyviruses. Lastly, we examine how the fundamental understanding of these multi-partite interactions through multi-omics approaches is already contributing to, and can have future implications for, devising effective and sustainable management strategies against aphid-transmitted potyviruses to global agriculture.

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Turnip yellows virus and Soybean dwarf virus in Western Australia

Australasian Plant Pathology ◽

10.1007/s13313-019-00632-4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 323-329

Author(s):

Monica A. Kehoe ◽

Brenda A. Coutts

Keyword(s):

Western Australia ◽

Dwarf Virus ◽

Turnip Yellows Virus ◽

Soybean Dwarf Virus

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Raspberry bushy dwarf virus in Slovenia - geographic distribution, genetic diversity and population structure

European Journal of Plant Pathology ◽

10.1007/s10658-020-02115-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 158 (4) ◽

pp. 1033-1042

Author(s):

Irena Mavrič Pleško ◽

Janja Lamovšek ◽

Andreja Lešnik ◽

Mojca Viršček Marn

Keyword(s):

Population Structure ◽

Geographic Distribution ◽

Protein Sequences ◽

Population Diversity ◽

Dwarf Virus ◽

Substantial Part ◽

Stabilizing Selection ◽

Red Raspberry ◽

Raspberry Bushy Dwarf Virus ◽

Distribution Studies

Abstract Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV) is a long-known virus naturally infecting Rubus and grapevine. It is also one of the economically most important viruses of raspberries, but there are only a limited number of sequences covering a substantial part of the genome available in the databases. The aim of this study was: i) to study the geographic distribution of RBDV in Slovenia, and ii) to sequence RNA2 of several red raspberry and grapevine RBDV isolates and study their phylogeny and population structure. Geographic distribution studies were performed over a period of 13 years in three wine-growing regions of Slovenia (Primorska, Podravje and Posavje). The highest incidence of RBDV was found in Podravje (58.8%) and the lowest in Primorska (5.1%). Big differences were observed between Vipavska dolina (10.2%) and three other wine-growing districts of Primorska region (0.4–1.2%). Almost complete RNA2 sequences were obtained for four red raspberry isolates and seven grapevine isolates. Additionally, only coat protein sequences were obtained for three red raspberry isolates. Phylogenetic and population diversity analyses were performed on all available RBDV sequences. Phylogenetic analysis has shown clear differences in sequences from Rubus and grapevine that form two highly supported clades. In RNA2 analysis additional two sub-clades were found in grapevine clade. Two major subclades were identified also in the Rubus clade with further differentiation within these subclades. Purifying or stabilizing selection was found to be acting on both, CP and MP genes while few codons were found to be under positive selection.

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Dalmatian Toadflax (Linaria dalmatica): New Host for Cucumber Mosaic Virus

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-06-005.1 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 41-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Courtney L. Pariera Dinkins ◽

Sue K. Brumfield ◽

Robert K. D. Peterson ◽

William E. Grey ◽

Sharlene E. Sing

Keyword(s):

Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Aphid Transmission ◽

Negative Control ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

New Host ◽

Tobacco Plants ◽

Linaria Dalmatica ◽

Mechanical Methods ◽

Dalmatian Toadflax

To date, there have been no reports of Dalmatian toadflax serving as a host for cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Infestations of Dalmatian toadflax may serve as a reservoir of CMV, thereby facilitating aphid transmission of CMV to both agricultural crops and native plants. The goal of this study was to determine whether Dalmatian toadflax is a host for CMV. Dalmatian toadflax seedlings were randomly assigned to two treatments (18 replicates/treatment): no inoculation (control) and inoculation with CMV (Fast New York strain). The Dalmatian toadflax seedlings were inoculated by standard mechanical methods and tested for the presence of CMV using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Ten of the 18 CMV-inoculated toadflax plants tested positive for the virus; 6 of the 18 displayed systemic mosaic chlorosis and leaf curling. All control plants tested negative. Transmission electron microscopy obtained from CMV-positive plants confirmed the presence of CMV based on physical properties. To verify CMV infestation, tobacco plants were assigned to the following treatments (six replicates/treatment): no inoculation (control), CMV-negative (control) inoculation, and a CMV-positive inoculation. Plants were inoculated by standard methods. Five of the 6 tobacco plants treated with the CMV-positive inoculum tested positive for CMV using ELISA. All control plants tested negative for the virus.

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