Overview of legal traceability of GPS positioning in Australia

Abstract Global Positioning System (GPS) position verification and legal traceability in Australia supports industry, trade, science and innovation and is trusted and recognized domestically and internationally. At the end of 2017, the Australia’s national datum was transitioned from the Geocentric Datum of Australia 1994 (GDA94) to the Geocentric Datum of Australia 2020 (GDA2020). As such, the datum for the legal traceability of GPS positions in Australia has also moved to GDA2020. This paper highlights the importance of legal metrology and measurement in terms of GPS positions in accordance with the National Measurement Act 1960 (Commonwealth of Australia). Here we provide an overview of the process of issuing the so-called ‘Regulation 13 Certificates’ for Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) across Australia. The position verification methodology is detailed, including the quality control, metadata assurance, and dynamic management of the certificates as well as positional uncertainty determination of CORS with varying quality. A quality monitoring system of positions is also discussed along with how measurement traceability is ensured including short-term and long-term position monitoring schemes.

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Wireless Flight Data Recorder (FDR) for Airplanes

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.6663 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 433-440 ◽

pp. 6663-6668

Author(s):

Ankan Ashish ◽

S.B. Chougule

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Global Positioning System ◽

Smart Materials ◽

Short Term ◽

Wireless System ◽

Digital Map ◽

Flight Data ◽

Global Positioning ◽

Fuel Level

This paper is on the urgent need of today’s Aviation Sector which comes smart materials in airplanes. We have made wireless system i.e. a real time Flight Data Recorder (FDR) in which the data(Parameters like Engine Temperature ,Fuel Level, Speed ,Location (Latitude And Longitude)etc. ) getting stored in real time, in the plane’s FDR(commonly known as Black Box), same data will get transferred to our Personal Computer(PC) which is at ground. The data will be transferred via XBEE-RF Module( long range). Also, the Global Positioning System (GPS) device will send the Position coordinates logged by the micro-controller at periodic intervals. After processing the data, the data will be uploaded to the server via the GPRS/Internet Connection. The program resident on the server will process the data and map the position on a digital map. The digital map view can be accessed through and other PC’s using the Protocol, thus giving real time positioning and different parameters of the plane on ground. “This paper focuses on sufficient data for analyzing the air disasters as short term application, and reduction of air disasters as long term goal.”

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Success criteria not met, but valuable information gained: monitoring a reintroduction of the tammar wallaby

Wildlife Research ◽

10.1071/wr17102 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 45 (5) ◽

pp. 421

Author(s):

G. E. Watkins ◽

N. Willers ◽

H. Raudino ◽

J. Kinloch ◽

R. van Dongen

Keyword(s):

Global Positioning System ◽

Tammar Wallaby ◽

Short Term ◽

Data Loggers ◽

Introduced Predators ◽

Global Positioning ◽

Radio Transmitters ◽

Gps Data Loggers ◽

Fox Control

Context Fauna translocations are a tool for improving the conservation status of threatened species. Reviews of translocations undertaken in Australia and globally have reported that many fail because of predation by exotic predators. The outcome of ~40% of translocations was unknown, often owing to inadequate post-release monitoring. Monitoring methods such as global positioning system data-loggers can provide valuable information on survival, habitat use and sociality, and can be particularly useful for cryptic species. Aims The present study used global positioning system (GPS) data-loggers and VHF radio-transmitters to evaluate the success of a reintroduction of the tammar wallaby and measured survival, short-term home-range, habitat use and proximity between reintroduced individuals (as a proxy for association). Methods Sixty-nine tammar wallabies of captive and wild stock were reintroduced to Kalbarri National Park (KNP) following long-term and broad-scale fox control, with nine receiving GPS data-loggers, and 16 receiving VHF radio-transmitters. Wallabies were intensively monitored for up to 11 months post-release. Mortalities were investigated using DNA identification and field necropsies. Key results In total, 16 of the 25 collared wallabies died within 11–319 days of release. Ten of the sixteen deaths were from predation. Home-range areas were larger than those reported elsewhere. Wallabies utilised long-undisturbed vegetation with a dense canopy cover during crepuscular periods. These areas were likely sought as refuge from predation and thermal extremes. During the main feeding period, a mosaic of recently burnt (i.e. ~1 year) and >10 years since last disturbance was important. Conclusions The reintroduction was not considered successful because two-thirds of the collared wallabies died within 1 year of release and, therefore, the success criteria were not met. Implications Despite long-term fox control in KNP, the majority of collared wallaby deaths were a result of fox predation. This highlights the inherent difficulty of establishing populations of some species in the presence of introduced predators. Additional research could assist in determining appropriate control levels for introduced predators, to help ensure the success of future translocations of this species. Consideration should be given to the prey naivety of source animals, prey-switching by introduced predators, and short-term supplementary feeding to assist population establishment.

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Robust Positioning and Navigation of a Mobile Robot in an Urban Environment Using a Motion Estimator

Robotica ◽

10.1017/s0263574718001534 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (08) ◽

pp. 1320-1331 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jongwoo An ◽

Jangmyung Lee

Keyword(s):

Mobile Robot ◽

Urban Environment ◽

Global Positioning System ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

Fault Detection And Isolation ◽

Gps Data ◽

University Campus ◽

Short Term ◽

Global Positioning ◽

Minimum Number

SummaryRobust positioning and navigation of a mobile robot in an urban environment is implemented by fusing the Global Positioning System (GPS) and Inertial Navigation System (INS) data with the aid of a motion estimator. To select and isolate malicious satellite signals and guarantee the minimum number of GPS signals for the localization, an enhanced fault detection and isolation (FDI) algorithm with a short-term memory has been developed in this research. When there are sufficient satellite signals for positioning, the horizontal dilution of precision (HDOP) has been applied for selecting the best four satellite signals to localize the mobile robot. Then, the GPS data are fused with INS data by a Kalman filter (KF) for a straight path and a curved motion estimator (CME) for a curved path. That is, the INS data are properly fused to the GPS data through the KF or CME process. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, experiments using a mobile robot have been carried out on a university campus.

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Modeling the signature of a transponder in altimeter return data and determination of the reflection surface of the ice cap near the GRIP camp, Greenland

Journal of Glaciology ◽

10.3189/s0022143000002124 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 44 (148) ◽

pp. 625-633

Author(s):

G. Haardenog-Pedersen ◽

K. Keller ◽

C. C. Tscherning ◽

N. Gundestrup

Keyword(s):

Global Positioning System ◽

Propagation Delay ◽

Radar Altimeter ◽

Reflection Point ◽

Ice Cap ◽

Global Positioning ◽

Satellite Radar ◽

The Difference ◽

Satellite Radar Altimetry

AbstractUsing an active transponder with the ERS-I and ERS-2 radar altimeters, the distance to the satellite was measured at a location close to the GRIP site, Greenland, at an altitude of 3.2 km. The measurement was executed while the transponder was in the “ice-tracking mode”. It includes a bias due to the propagation delay. The location of the transponder was determined using the global positioning system.The transponder signal was modeled and the distance from the altimeter to the effective reflection point of the transponder was determined. Since the transponder was located within 1 km of the ground tracks, the measurement was corrected for this offset. A correction was also done for the surface slope, resulting in the distance (plus bias) to the closest sub-satellite point on the surface of the (compact) snow.The transponder signal was then removed from the radar altimeter waveform, enabling the determination of the distance (plus bias from the altimeter to the first reflective surface within the snow. The différence between this distance and that obtained using the transponder was < 2 m. This shows that the surface which gives rise to the first return of the reflection agrees with the surface of the (compact, dry) snow at this high-altitude location. This is an important result to be used when studying ice-cap topography using satellite radar altimetry.

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Analyzing Road Coverage of Public Vehicles According to Number and Time Period for Installation of Road Inspection Systems

ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information ◽

10.3390/ijgi9030161 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 161 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Takehiro Kashiyama ◽

Yoshihide Sekimoto ◽

Toshikazu Seto ◽

Ko Ko Lwin

Keyword(s):

Global Positioning System ◽

Local Governments ◽

Inspection System ◽

Positioning System ◽

Efficient Operation ◽

Time Period ◽

Global Positioning ◽

Inspection Systems ◽

Road Inspection

Shortages of engineers and financial resources have made it difficult for municipalities to identify and address problems with aging road infrastructures. To resolve these problems, numerous studies have focused on automating road inspection, including a study in which we developed a smartphone-based road inspection system. For efficient operation of the system, it is necessary to understand the usage of vehicles in which the system will be installed. In this study, we analyzed the usage of public vehicles with long-term global positioning system (GPS) probe data collected from public vehicles operating in Kakogawa city and Fujisawa city in Japan. As a result, we discovered that local governments of the same size have similar tendencies in terms of road coverage. Moreover, we found that installing road inspection systems on only a few public vehicles can cover the entire road inspection area. We anticipate that these results will assist local governments in making informed decisions during the system introduction process and provide an indicator of the accuracy required for road inspection systems to future researchers.

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Improved Multi-GNSS PPP Software for Upgrading the DEMETRA Project Time Monitoring Service

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s19204389 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (20) ◽

pp. 4389 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wei Huang ◽

Pascale Defraigne ◽

Giovanna Signorile ◽

Ilaria Sesia

Keyword(s):

Global Positioning System ◽

Integer Ambiguity ◽

Noisy Environments ◽

Long Term Stability ◽

Royal Observatory ◽

Global Positioning ◽

Receiver Clock ◽

Frequency Transfer ◽

Monitoring Service

The H2020 DEMETRA project provides short latency clock monitoring services to the time users using the Atomium precise point positioning (PPP) software developed by the Royal Observatory of Belgium. In this paper, three recent updates of the current Atomium software are introduced: adding Galileo signals in the PPP computation; the option to constrain the receiver clock; PPP with integer ambiguity resolution. The advantages of these updates are demonstrated: Combining the Galileo and global positioning system (GPS) signals for PPP time transfer will further improve the frequency stability inside the computation batch; PPP with receiver clock constraint is not only used to reduce the short-term noise of the clock measurements but can also be used for some specific applications to a keep continuous clock solution in the computation batch or retrieve correct clock measurements from extremely noisy environments; the integer PPP allows a continuous clock solution, and improves the mid-term and long-term stability of the frequency transfer compared to the current PPP frequency transfer techniques.

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The Shift towards Smart, Green and Integrated Raw Materials Efficiency

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.718.105 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 718 ◽

pp. 105-109

Author(s):

Eva Oravcová ◽

Miroslav Zelko

Keyword(s):

Decision Support ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Decision Makers ◽

Short Term ◽

Supervision System ◽

Requirements Development ◽

And Control ◽

Term Data

Comprehensive environmental observation, eco-innovation and smartization are essential to ensure the delivery of the long-term data and information required to address the shift towards smart, green and integrated raw materials efficiency. For this reason we need the mine-wide digitalization and informatization base model, an advanced mine-wide decision support system and a smart supervision system to supervise and control the production, back to predefined short-term production targets with most likelihood and optimal approaches. There are three main steps to be taken: analysis, evaluation and determination of the shift requirements, development of the models as well as modeling of the scenarios and connection to the smart platform for the support of the decision makers. The paper aims to consider what would be required for a raw materials area to operate as a modern smart technology-supported business. It attempts to provide a vision of some future smart architectures scenarios.

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