scholarly journals Imaging of endometrial osseous metaplasia—an uncommon but treatable cause of infertility

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Haseeb Wani ◽  
Arshed Hussain Parry ◽  
Imza Feroz ◽  
Majid Jehangir ◽  
Masarat Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Osseous Metaplasia ◽  
Dystrophic Calcification ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Dilatation And Curettage ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Uncommon Condition ◽  
Urinary Tuberculosis ◽  
Hypointense Signal ◽  
Metaplastic Ossification

Abstract Background Endometrial osseous metaplasia (EOM) is an uncommon condition characterised by metaplastic transformation of endometrial tissue into osteoblasts (mature or immature bone in the endometrium). Etiopathogenesis of EOM is explained by multiple putative mechanisms like dystrophic calcification, metaplastic ossification, retained foetal bones after abortions and genito-urinary tuberculosis. EOM has varied clinical presentation ranging from patient being asymptomatic to secondary infertility. Although hysteroscopy is the gold standard for its diagnosis and treatment, non-invasive imaging comprising chiefly of ultrasonography (USG) is increasingly becoming the mainstay of diagnosis. We aim to present the imaging findings in EOM to acquaint radiologists and gynaecologists with this condition to avert misdiagnosis of this uncommon yet treatable cause of infertility. Results Mean age of patients was 31.4 ± 5.4 (S.D) years. USG revealed linear or tubular densely echogenic endometrium with posterior acoustic shadowing in all the 14 patients. MRI in 3 patients revealed diffuse or patchy areas of T1W and T2W hypointense signal intensity with unilateral (n = 2) and bilateral (n = 1) ovarian cysts. One patient who underwent CT scan revealed dense endometrial calcification. Histopathologic examination (HPE) revealed lamellar (n = 6) or trabecular (n = 4) bone within endometrium (EOM) and inflammatory cells with calcification in four patients (calcific endometritis). Twelve patients conceived after dilatation and curettage within 15 months. Conclusion Familiarity with the imaging appearances of EOM is indispensable to clinch this diagnosis and avert misdiagnosis of this rare but potentially treatable cause of infertility. USG is usually sufficient for diagnosis. MRI and CT are only supplementary tools in difficult clinical scenarios.

scholarly journals Role of transvaginal sonography in various gynecological disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 3138
Author(s):  
Pooja J. Mise ◽  
Sangamesh J. Mise ◽  
Aditya Mise ◽  
Margol Siddappa
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Abdominal Hysterectomy ◽  
Transvaginal Sonography ◽  
Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Gynecological Disorders ◽  
Dilatation And Curettage

Background: Transvaginal sonography (TVS) is a new diagnostic technique used for the evaluation of the female pelvis. The objective of the present study was to study the role of TVS and to assess the diagnostic accuracy in gynecological disorders.Methods: Total number of 100 patients attending OPDs with various complaints was selected by random technique of the study.  All the patients have informed consent and thorough clinical examination including general, systemic and pelvic examination was conducted after taking a detailed history then the patients underwent TVS followed by one of the procedures like fractional curettage, dilatation and curettage and abdominal hysterectomy (with or without conservation of ovaries) or conservative management with regular follow up.Results: The sensitivity of TVS in diagnosing dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) and pelvic inflammatory diseases (PID) was 100% and specificity was 85.1% and 95% respectively. For fibroids and ovarian mass diagnosis, sensitivity was 68.9% and 80.9% respectively and specificity was 100%. Diagnostic accuracy of clinical diagnosis was 70.0% whereas TVS had 94.0% of diagnostic accuracy in diagnosing various gynecological disorders.Conclusions: The final outcome is that TVS examination is an important non-invasive investigation, can be used as important diagnostic method in various gynecological disorders as it has got a high diagnostic accuracy.

Anti-Chemokine Therapy for Inflammatory Diseases

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.L. Castellani ◽  
K. Bhattacharya ◽  
M. Tagen ◽  
D. Kempuraj ◽  
A. Perrella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemokine Receptors ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 ◽  
Monocyte Chemoattractant ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Inflammatory Proteins ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Chemokines are inflammatory proteins acting via G-protein coupled chemokine receptors that trigger different signaling pathways. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (CCL2/MCP-1) and regulated on activation, normal T expressed and secreted (CCL5/RANTES) are the two major members of the CC chemokine beta subfamily. The roles of RANTES and MCP-1 are emerging in regulating the recruitment of inflammatory cells into tissue during inflammation. The inhibition of MCP-1 and RANTES with corresponding antibodies or other inhibitors may provide benefits in different clinical scenarios including cancer, inflammation, CNS disorders, parasitic disease, autoimmune and heart diseases. RANTES and MCP-1 may represent targets for diagnostic procedures and therapeutic intervention, and may be useful as a prognostic factor in the above diseases.

scholarly journals Physiology and clinical utility of the peripheral venous waveform

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 204800402097003
Author(s):  
Devin Chang ◽  
Philip J Leisy ◽  
Jenna H Sobey ◽  
Srijaya K Reddy ◽  
Colleen Brophy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Volume Overload ◽  
Waveform Analysis ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Yield Information ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Frequency Domains ◽  
Peripheral Catheter

The peripheral venous system serves as a volume reservoir due to its high compliance and can yield information on intravascular volume status. Peripheral venous waveforms can be captured by direct transduction through a peripheral catheter, non-invasive piezoelectric transduction, or gleaned from other waveforms such as the plethysmograph. Older analysis techniques relied upon pressure waveforms such as peripheral venous pressure and central venous pressure as a means of evaluating fluid responsiveness. Newer peripheral venous waveform analysis techniques exist in both the time and frequency domains, and have been applied to various clinical scenarios including hypovolemia (i.e. hemorrhage, dehydration) and volume overload.

scholarly journals Which Assessments and Interventions do Physiotherapists Value in the Management of Adults with Cystic Fibrosis in Australia?

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy Stiller ◽  
Dianne White ◽  
Marie Williams
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Clinical Expertise ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Non Invasive Ventilation ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Postural Drainage ◽  
Main Components

Purpose: Evidence based practice involves the integration of three main components: best available research evidence, practitioner’s clinical expertise, and patient’s preferences. While the effectiveness of physiotherapy interventions for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) has been extensively studied, no studies have explored physiotherapists’ perceptions and values concerning their management of patients with CF. The aim of this study was to document the opinions and values that CF physiotherapists in Australia have regarding their management of patients with CF. Method: A purpose-designed questionnaire addressing these issues was mailed to all 38 physiotherapists working with adults with CF on a regular/frequent basis in major Australian healthcare units. Results: Thirty-three questionnaires were returned completed (87%). Subjective history was considered by respondents as the most valuable component of assessment, with personal experience being the primary factor influencing this response. Coughing/huffing was deemed one of the most valuable airway clearance techniques across five different clinical scenarios; non-invasive ventilation, postural drainage, percussion and vibrations were perceived as valuable techniques for unwell, hospitalised patients; and exercise, positive expiratory pressure and flutter therapy/Acapella were considered valuable for out-patients. Personal experience was the factor most often influencing respondents’ opinions about treatment techniques. Conclusions: CF physiotherapists in Australia appear to mainly base their opinions about the value/usefulness of physiotherapy management of adults with CF on their past clinical experience. These data provide an initial insight into CF physiotherapists’ clinical expertise and will give CF clinicians around the world the opportunity to compare their own clinical practice with that of their Australian peers.

scholarly journals Histopathological study of invasive and non-invasive Entamoeba spp. in experimental rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Athraa Abd-ulameer Al-Hilfi ◽  
Maha Khalil Al-Malak ◽  
Muslim Abd-ulrahman Al-Tomah
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Apical Surface ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Tissue Invasion ◽  
Mucosal Layer

Abstract Background The genus Entamoeba has many species that are invasive or non-invasive (E. histolytica, E. dispar, and E. moshkovskii).The invasive E. histolytica is the main pathogenic amoeba in human. Amoebiasis involves several stages starting with the adherence of the parasite to the intestinal epithelium, followed by degradation, tissue invasion, and distribution to other organs. Results The current study investigates the pathological changes of Entamoeba spp. infection in both rectum and cecum of experimental rats. The results showed the histological changes at the 7th, 14th, and 28th day post-infection for the three species. E. histolytica and E. moshkovskii infection showed less pathological changes compared to E. histolytica. These changes include the attachment of the trophozoites to the mucosal layer, significant surface epithelial changes such as dissociation and degeneration in the mucosal layer, and ulceration of the apical surface. Inflammatory cells infiltrate the varied regions, extending into the deep mucosa causing mild architectural alterations. These are features of amoebiasis. Conclusion The pathological changes reported in E. dispar and E. moshkovskii were less severe than E. histolytica.

scholarly journals Automatic Localization of the Carotid Wall in Ultrasound Imaging Based on Convolutional Neural Network

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre G. Silva ◽  
Eryk K. Da Cruz ◽  
Rangel Arthur ◽  
Giulliano P. Carnielli ◽  
Henri A. De Godoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The World ◽  
Carotid Wall ◽  
Automatic Localization

Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death in the world. It is a cardiovascular disease characterized by the accumulation of inflammatory cells and lipids inside the artery walls. In Brazil, more than 30% of all deaths are due to cardiovascular diseases. The carotid intima-media thickness, obtained from ultrasound images, maybe an early estimate of atherosclerosis.This test is fast, safe and non-invasive, as well as being reproducible and relatively inexpensive. In this context, this work, based on convolutional neural networks and techniques of mathematical morphology, consists in automatically locating the region that covers the intima and media sublayers of carotid arteries. The proposed method obtained a score of 88% considering the trained model applied to 234 ultrasonographic images in two different datasets. The analysis of the neighborhood of the points obtained can be useful in the evaluation of cardiovascular risk factors.

scholarly journals Urinary Bladder Tuberculosis - A Case Report

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-68
Author(s):  
MY Ali ◽  
SA Fattah ◽  
MM Islam ◽  
MM Haque ◽  
AK Biswas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Uncommon Disease ◽  
History Of ◽  
Uncommon Condition ◽  
Urinary Tuberculosis ◽  
The Masses

Genito-urinary tuberculosis is an infrequent but not uncommon condition in countries with high incidence of tuberculosis like Bangladesh. A female patient of 25 years was admitted into Faridpur Medical college Hospital with acute retention of urine with history of haematuria, dysuria, fever and difficulty in urination for about three years. USG revealed few masses in the urinary bladder, later proved by histopathological examination as granulomatous lesion consistent with tuberculosis. Anti-TB treatment was given and the masses were removed surgically. With this treatment recovery of the patient is satisfactory and symptoms are disappearing. The aim of this study to make internist more efficient to diagnose the disease by strong clinical suspicion and relevant laboratory investigation, otherwise such uncommon disease and its complications may endanger life of such patient. DOI: 10.3329/fmcj.v5i2.6826Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2010;5(2):66-68

scholarly journals Update on Circulating Tumor Cells in Genitourinary Tumors with Focus on Prostate Cancer

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1495
Author(s):  
Alessia Cimadamore ◽  
Gaetano Aurilio ◽  
Franco Nolé ◽  
Francesco Massari ◽  
Marina Scarpelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Circulating Tumor Cells ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Technical Issues ◽  
Monitoring Treatment

Current developments in the treatment of genitourinary tumors underline the unmet clinical need for biomarkers to improve decision-making in a challenging clinical setting. The detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has become one of the most exciting and important new approaches to identifying biomarkers at different stages of disease in a non-invasive way. Potential applications of CTCs include monitoring treatment efficacy and early detection of progression, selecting tailored therapies, as well as saving treatment costs. However, despite the promising implementation of CTCs in a clinical scenario, the isolation and characterization of these cells for molecular studies remain expensive with contemporary platforms, and significant technical challenges still need to be overcome. This updated, critical review focuses on the state of CTCs in patients with genitourinary tumor with focus on prostate cancer, discussing technical issues, main clinical results and hypothesizing potential future perspectives in clinical scenarios.

NIMG-28. PROSPECTIVE HISTOPATHOLOGY-VALIDATED MACHINE LEARNING FOR DISTINGUISHING TRUE PROGRESSION FROM TREATMENT-RELATED CHANGES IN GLIOBLASTOMA PATIENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi134-vi135
Author(s):  
Hamed Akbari ◽  
Anahita Fathi Kazerooni ◽  
Spyridon Bakas ◽  
Chiharu Sako ◽  
Elizabeth Mamourian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Water Concentration ◽  
Dystrophic Calcification ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Mixed Response ◽  
Second Resection ◽  
Resected Tissue ◽  
Mitotic Figures

Abstract PURPOSE Decision making about the best course of treatment for glioblastoma patients becomes challenging when a new enhancing lesion appears in the vicinity of the surgical bed on follow-up MRI (after maximal safe tumor resection and chemoradiation), raising concerns for tumor progression (TP). Literature indicates 30-50% of these new lesions describe primarily treatment-related changes (TRC). We hypothesize that quantitative analysis of specific and sensitive features extracted from multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI) via machine learning (ML) techniques may yield non-invasive imaging signatures that distinguish TP from TRC and facilitate better treatment personalization. METHODS We have generated an ML model on a retrospective cohort of 58 subjects, and prospectively evaluated on an independent cohort of 58 previously unseen patients who underwent second resection for suspicious recurrence and had availability of advanced mpMRI (T1, T1-Gd, T2, T2-FLAIR, DTI, DSC). The features selected by our retrospective model, representing principal components analysis of intensity distributions, morphological, statistical, and texture descriptors, were extracted from the mpMRI of the prospective cohort. Integration of these features revealed signatures distinguishing between TP, mixed response, and TRC. Independently, a board-certified neuropathologist evaluated the resected tissue by blindly classifying it in the above three categories, based on mitotic figures, pseudopalisading necrosis, geographic necrosis, dystrophic calcification, vascular changes, and Ki67. RESULTS Tissues classified as TRC by the neuropathologist were associated with imaging phenotypes of lower angiogenesis (DSC-derived features), lower cellularity (DTI-derived features), and higher water concentration (T2, T2-FLAIR features). Our ML model characterized TP with 78% accuracy (sensitivity:86%, specificity:70%, AUC:0.80 (95%CI, 0.68-0.92)) and TRC with 81% accuracy (sensitivity:80%, specificity:81%, AUC:0.87 (95%CI, 0.72-1.00)). CONCLUSION Our proposed ML model reveals distinct non-invasive markers of TP and TRC, directly associated with histopathological changes in prospective glioblastoma patients. Reliable stratification of TP and TRC entities may help to noninvasively determine whether the course of treatment should change.

scholarly journals Transcranial Doppler

2015 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
pp. 215-220
Author(s):  
Manish Marda ◽  
Hemanshu Prabhakar
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Transcranial Doppler ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Clinical Scenario ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Clinical Scenarios

AbstractTranscranial Doppler (TCD) is a bedside, non-invasive, reproducible, non-expensive neuromonitoring device which can be used in many clinical scenarios. Based on the principle of the Doppler shift, blood flow velocity (FV) in the cerebral vessels can be measured. It should be noted that TCD measures blood FV and not the cerebral blood flow (CBF). However, in a given condition, FV can be used as a surrogate marker for vessel diameter or CBF. Indirectly, it can also measure the CBF and the intracranial pressure. This review describes briefly the method of using the equipment and the various indices that can be measured. The applications of TCD are varied. The review also gives an account of the various clinical situations where TCD can be used. An inter-operator variability is an important limiting factor with the use of the TCD. However, in many of clinical scenario, the TCD can still be used to guide for decision-making.

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