scholarly journals Smell disorders associated with COVID-19 infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Waheed El-Anwar ◽  
Sherif Mamdoh Mohamed ◽  
Ahmed Hassan Sweed
Keyword(s):  
Web Of Science ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Nasal Blockage ◽  
Runny Nose ◽  
Red Flag ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Smell Disorders ◽  
Smell Identification

Abstract Background We performed a search in the PubMed databases, Web of Science, LILACS, MEDLINE, SciELO, and Cochrane Library using the keywords COVID-19, Novel coronavirus, corona, 2019-nCoV, SARS-CoV-2, ENT, nose, anosmia, hyposmia, smell, olfactory, ORL, different ENT related symptoms. We reviewed published and peer-reviewed studies that reported the ENT manifestations in COVID-19 laboratory-confirmed positive patients. Main text Within the included 2549 COVID-19 laboratory-confirmed positive patients, smell affection was reported in 1453 patients (57%). The other reported ENT manifestations were taste disorder (49.2%), headache (42.8%), nasal blockage (26.3%), sore throat (25.7%), runny nose or rhinorrhea (21.3%), upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) (7.9%), and frequent sneezing (3.6%). Conclusion Smell affection in COVID-19 is common and could be one of the red flag signs in COVID-19 infection. With a sensitivity of utilized questionnaire in smell identification, a homogenous universal well-defined COVID-19 questionnaire is needed to make the COVID-19 data collection more sensible.

scholarly journals Manejo perioperatorio de niños con infección respiratoria superior

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-347
Author(s):  
Norma Constanza Corrales-Zúñiga ◽  
Nelly Patricia Martínez-Muñoz ◽  
Sara Isabel Realpe-Cisneros ◽  
Carlos Eberth Pacichana-Agudelo ◽  
Leandro Guillermo Realpe-Cisneros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

Introducción. Es frecuente que muchos niños sometidos a procedimientos con anestesia general tengan historia de infección viral respiratoria superior reciente o activa.Objetivo. Realizar una revisión narrativa acerca de las pautas de manejo anestésico para los niños con infección reciente o activa de la vía aérea superior.Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda estructurada de la literatura en las bases de datos ProQuest, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, PubMed, LILACS, Embase, Trip Database, SciELO y Cochrane Library con los términos Anesthesia AND Respiratory Tract Infections AND Complications; Anesthesia AND Upper respiratory tract infection AND Complications; Anesthesia, General AND Respiratory Tract Infections AND Complications; Anesthesia, General AND Upper respiratory tract infection AND Complications; Anesthesia AND Laryngospasm OR Bronchospasm. La búsqueda se hizo en inglés con sus equivalentes en español.Resultados. Se encontraron 56 artículos con información relevante para el desarrollo de la presente revisión.Conclusiones. Una menor manipulación de la vía aérea tiende a disminuir la frecuencia de aparición y severidad de eventos adversos respiratorios perioperatorios. No existe evidencia suficiente para recomendar la optimización medicamentosa en pacientes con infección respiratoria superior.

Antiviral Properties of Food Plants Could Help to Reduce Contagion and Severity in SARS-CoV-2 Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 07 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betina Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Introduction: The importance of an immediate tool to help patients and prevent viral diffusion of new pneumonia caused by 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV or SARS-CoV-2) that causes the disease COVID-19 becomes evident. Recent articles have reported on body site-specific SARS-CoV-2 infection, showing very active replication in the throat and upper respiratory tract when symptoms were still mild, and thus being efficient in viral transmission in sputum. Material and Methods: An alternative that may be feasible is to resort to scientific studies that demonstrate the antiviral potential of medicinal plants species through in-vitro and in-vivo experiments to alleviate symptoms and prevent the spread of contagion. A literature search in Scopus and PubMed on herbs and foods with antiviral properties was performed. Results: Herbs and foods with demonstrated antiviral potential have been identified, which could limit SARS-CoV-2 spreading by interfering on ACE2 protein on infection sites. The analysis of transdisciplinary knowledge allows us to connect previous research on the action of common plants and foods on viruses to limit the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in the throat and upper respiratory tract. Conclusions: Herbs and foods with demonstrated antiviral potential have been identified, which could limit SARS-CoV-2 spreading by interfering on ACE2 protein on infection sites. The analysis of transdisciplinary knowledge allows us to connect previous research on the action of common plants and foods on viruses to limit the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in the throat and upper respiratory tract.

Historical Insight, Classification, and Common Features of Coronavirus Family

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Moulay Abdelmonaim El Hidan ◽  
Soraia El Baz ◽  
Mohamed Merzouki ◽  
Kholoud Kahime ◽  
Moulay Abdeljalil Ait Baamrane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Family ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Virus Family ◽  
Respiratory Tract Illnesses ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Viral Surface

Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that usually cause mild to moderate upper-respiratory tract illnesses, like the common cold. They were named according to the shape of glycoprotein spikes present on the viral surface and resembling to the solar corona. The first coronaviruses identified in human were HCoV 229E and the HCoV OC43, known also as β-coronavirus. This virus family has become increasingly important and received more attention within scientific community in the past two decades because of three new viruses that can cause serious, even fatal, disease. These are SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV), which emerged in November 2002 and caused severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS); Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) caused by the MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV), identified in September 2012 and continues to cause sporadic and localized outbreaks. The third novel coronavirus to emerge in this century is called SARS-CoV-2. This chapter will describe the history of the coronavirus family discovery, emergence, and classification of the main coronaviruses.

scholarly journals First Case Of SAR-Coronavirus-2 Sequencing In The Cerebrospinal Fluid Of A Patient With Suspected CNS Demyelinating Disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renan Domingues ◽  
Maria Cássia Mendes-Correa ◽  
Fernando Brunale Vilela de Moura Leite ◽  
Ester Cerdeira Sabino ◽  
Ingra M Claro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Viral Genome ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Clinically Isolated Syndrome ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
First Case ◽  
Demyelinating Lesions ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract The association between coronaviruses and central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating lesions has been previously shown. However, no case has been described of an association between the novel coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) and CNS demyelinating disease so far. SARS-COV-2 was previously detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sample of a patient with encephalitis. However, the virus identity was not confirmed by deep sequencing of SARS-COV-2 detected in the CSF. Here, we report a case of a patient with mild respiratory symptoms and neurological manifestations compatible with Clinically Isolated Syndrome. The viral genome of SARS-COV-2 was detected and sequenced in CSF with 99.74 to 100% similarity between the patient virus and worldwide sequences. This report suggests a possible association of SARS COV-2 infection with neurological symptoms of demyelinating disease, even in the absence of relevant upper respiratory tract infection signs.

scholarly journals Study on the Age of SARS-CoV-2 in Respiratory and Digestive Tract Samples: A Retrospective Study guixian-wu1,dongqin-lv*,susu-He,qian-chen,lin-ling,shaungquan-yan,xiaomai-wu,yongpo-jiang

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guixian Wu ◽  
Susu He ◽  
Qian Chen ◽  
Lin Ling ◽  
Shuangquan Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
The Public ◽  
New Type ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Acid Test

Abstract Background: An acute respiratory disease, caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2, previously known as 2019-nCoV), the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has spread throughout China and received worldwide attention. After nearly 2 months efforts by the Chinese government and people from all walks of life, the epidemic in China has gradually been controlled. The awareness of the disease has gradually increased. We have detected the SARS-CoV-2 gene in the patient's sputum, throat swabs and feces, blood and even urine samples, but whether the SARS-CoV-2 RNA is detected in the upper and lower respiratory tracts and the extrapulmonary age is unknown.Methods: We collected data from 146 patients admitted to the Public Health Center of Taizhou Hospital, Zhejiang University, China from January 23, 2020 to March 11, 2020, and confirmed the diagnosis of new-type coronavirus pneumonia by RT-PCR. The final selection was made after screening. For a total of 134 confirmed patients, we collected their clinical data and sputum, nasopharyngeal swabs or throat swabs, fecal nucleic acid test results, and calculated the age of each specimen.Results: A total of 134 confirmed patients were included in the study; of them, 93 were of the common type, and 41 were critically ill. There were no significant differences between males and females, P = 0.853) and their epidemiological history (P = 0.441). The average age of severe patients was 55.85 ± 13.28 years, which was higher than that of common patients at 44.06 ± 12.86 years (P = 0.00). The results showed that the time of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the upper respiratory tract was 15.1 ± 7.23 days for common patients and 20.56 ± 6.59 days for severe patients, which was longer than that of common patients (P = 0.00). The time of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the lower respiratory tract was 27.45 ± 10.06 days for common patients and 29.78 ± 10.11 days for severe patients. There was no statistical difference (P = 0.328); SARS-CoV-2 RNA existed in the digestive tract. The time was 22.6 ± 7.69 days for common patients and 27.24 ± 7.86 days for severe patients, which was longer than that of common patients (P = 0.01). SARS-CoV-2 existed for a shorter time in the upper respiratory and digestive tracts than in the lower respiratory tract.CONCLUSION: SARS-CoV-2 is present in the lower respiratory tract for longer than the upper respiratory　and digestive tracts, and there were no statistical differences in the lower respiratory tract between common and severe patients.

New coronavirus infection and pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
Kristina A. Oganyan ◽  
Kira V. Shalepo ◽  
Alevtina M. Savicheva ◽  
Olesya N. Bespalova ◽  
Igor Yu. Kogan
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Gastrointestinal Complications ◽  
Runny Nose ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19), first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019, is dangerous for pregnant women, and the probability of infection is the same as in the general population. COVID-19 may be transmitted from person to person through two different routes: airborne and direct contact. Diagnosis of COVID-19 requires the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The main biomaterial for laboratory research is discharge from the nasopharynx and (or) oropharynx. The incubation period for COVID-19 is thought to last from 2 to 14 days, with a median time of 45 days. The causative agent of COVID-19 can be detected in the upper respiratory tract 12 days before and within 714 days after the onset of symptoms. The disease can occur with mild-to-moderate severity, and manifests itself as a respiratory infection (runny nose, sore throat, low-grade fever, with no viral pneumonia and hypoxia). Severe COVID-19 may develop pneumonia, respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, septic shock, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, renal failure, and other complications up to multiple organ failure. Pregnant women with COVID-19 may have complications of pregnancy, such as miscarriage, premature discharge of amniotic fluid, and premature birth. There are no reports of vertical transmission, but some newborns develop intrauterine growth retardation and life-threatening gastrointestinal complications. Thus, pregnant women with a confirmed diagnosis or suspicion of COVID-19 are at high risk for developing pregnancy complications and adverse perinatal outcomes. Currently, information is being collected on COVID-19 cases in pregnant women, the course of infection, and perinatal outcomes.

scholarly journals Astragalusin the Prevention of Upper Respiratory Tract Infection in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome: Evidence-Based Clinical Practice

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan Zou ◽  
Guobin Su ◽  
Yuchi Wu ◽  
Fuhua Lu ◽  
Wei Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infection ◽  
Evidence Quality ◽  
Answerable Question ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Aims. To explore whetherAstragalusor its formulations could prevent upper respiratory infection in children with nephrotic syndrome and how best to use it.Methods. We transformed a common clinical question in practice to an answerable question according to the PICO principle. Databases, including the Cochrane Library (Issue 5, 2012), PUBMED (1966–2012.8), CBM (1978–2012.8), VIP (1989–2012.8), and CNKI (1979–2012.8), were searched to identify Cochrane systematic reviews and clinical trials. Then, the quality of and recommendations from the clinical evidence were evaluated using the GRADEpro software.Results. The search yielded 537 papers. Only two studies with high validity were included for synthesis calculations. The results showed thatAstragalusgranules could effectively reduce URTI in children with nephrotic syndrome compared with prednisone treatment alone (23.9% versus 42.9%; RR = 0.56 and 95% CI = 0.33–0.93). The dose ofAstragalusgranules was 2.25 gram (equivalent to 15 gram crudeAstragalus) twice per day, at least for 3–6 months. The level of evidence quality was low, but we still recommended the evidence to the patient according to GRADEpro with the opinion of the expert. Followup showed the incidence of URTI in this child decreased significantly.Conclusions.Astragalusgranules may reduce the incidence of URTI in children with nephrotic syndrome.

Homoeopathy for Upper Respiratory Tract Infection in Children: A Narrative Review of Research Evidence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhijit Dutta ◽  
Nisha Sehrawat
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Paediatric Age ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Abstract Background Upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) is one of the leading causes of morbidity worldwide, especially in the paediatric age group. Conventional medications have a minimal role in treating and preventing those diseases and an alternative for this is warranted. In this regard, homoeopathy can be a proper consideration, but the comparative effect and safety need critical evaluation. Methods To evaluate the role of homoeopathic treatment in URTI, particularly in children, we conducted a comprehensive search in PubMed, Core-Hom, Cochrane library and Cam-quest database. All the relevant studies were included for a critical review. Results One-hundred forty articles were found in a preliminary search, and for review, we included 17 studies related to URTI in paediatric age group. All the studies were very diverse in the methodology, type of homoeopathy used and outcome measurement. Different types of homoeopathy in terms of individualised, complex syrup and home-medication were used in studies. Fourteen studies reported the role of homoeopathy in reducing the severity of symptoms, efficacy beyond placebo, superiority or non-inferiority over conventional medications, in lowering the consumption of antibiotics and as prophylaxis. On the other hand, three studies found little or no effect in reducing symptoms or number of visits. Conclusions Homoeopathic treatment improves the symptoms and reduces the severity of URTI in the paediatric age group. It can be an effective and safe way of treatment for reducing the burden of the disease, thus improving the quality of life. Owing to the diversity among the studies, more high-quality trials with focused questions are needed for further conclusion.

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