Imaging of an active fault: Comparison between 3D GPR data and outcrops at the Castrovillari fault, Calabria, Italy

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. SY57-SY66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ercoli Maurizio ◽  
Pauselli Cristina ◽  
Romana Cinti Francesca ◽  
Forte Emanuele ◽  
Volpe Roberto
Keyword(s):  
Active Fault ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Strong Earthquakes ◽  
The Past ◽  
3D Gpr ◽  
Dip Angle ◽  
Ground Penetrating

We have integrated and analyzed a 3D ground-penetrating radar (GPR) volume with a trenching exposure data set to evaluate the potential of these methods individually and combined for study of a fault zone. We chose a test site across a branch of the active Castrovillari fault in the Northern Calabria (Southern Italy). This tectonic structure is one of the most active in the area, and it has generated strong earthquakes in the past. Based on analysis of previously collected data, a 3D GPR survey was carried out 1.2 m from a fault outcrop. The goal was to use the GPR volume to guide and optimize the excavation of a trench and then to use the trenching data to validate the GPR volume interpretation. We used seismic interpretation software to display vertical and horizontal sections and for horizon tracking and attribute analyses. We obtained quantitative information on the geometry of structural and geologic features, such as fault strike and dip angle, defining the boundaries of different stratigraphic units. We validated our GPR data interpretation with the outcrop section and trench wall demonstrating the benefits of GPR in extensional tectonics environments and the great potential of the combined geologic and geophysical approach.

DETECTION OF ROAD CAVITIES IN URBAN CITIES BY 3D GROUND PENETRATING RADAR

Geophysics ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-44
Author(s):  
Hai Liu ◽  
Zhenshi Shi ◽  
Jianhui Li ◽  
Chao Liu ◽  
Xu Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Cavity Depth ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Horizontal Size ◽  
3D Gpr ◽  
One Year ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Cavities under urban roads have increasingly become a great threat to the traffic safety in many cities. As a quick, effective, and high-resolution geophysical method, ground penetrating radar (GPR) has been widely used to detect and image near-surface objects. However, the interpretation of field GPR data is still challenging. For example, it is hard to distinguish reflections caused by road cavities or other urban utilities by a conventional 2D GPR survey. The superiority of 3D GPR in data interpretation is demonstrated by a laboratory experiment. Two pipes and a glass-made cavity buried in a sandpit show similar hyperbolic reflections in the 2D GPR profiles, and are hard to be discriminated. In contrast, their geometric shapes and dimensions are readily identified in the 3D image reconstructed from the synthetic 3D GPR dataset. Thus, a car-mounted 3D GPR system with two antenna arrays oriented in different polarization directions is developed, and has detected over 100 cavities in three Chinese cities over the past one year. The field data of two of the cavities are presented. As a result, the cavity depth, horizontal size and height can be accurately estimated from the 3D GPR dataset. Both laboratory and field experimental results indicate that 3D GPR possesses a great potential in detection and recognition of road cavities and utilities in the complicated urban environment.

Integration of geologic, geochemical, and geophysical data of the Cement oil field, Oklahoma, using spatial array processing

Geophysics ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 1305-1317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Termain Eliason ◽  
Terrence J. Donovan ◽  
Pat S. Chavez
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Array Processing ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Pictorial Representation ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometry ◽  
Rectangular Array ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Contour Maps

Geologic, geochemical, and geophysical measurements were made at the Cement oil field, Oklahoma, test site using airborne and spaceborne sensors coupled with ground‐based data collection. The data collected include (1) airborne gamma‐ray spectrometry ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and total intensity channels), (2) low‐altitude aeromagnetic profiles, (3) precision gravity measurements, (4) images from the Landsat multispectral scanner (MSS) systems and U-2 photography, and (5) geologic and topographic maps. In order to reduce, analyze, display, and correlate the information, it was necessary to transform the data from vector space to raster space (a two‐dimensional image array) with fixed resolution and array dimension. With the data in array form, spatial array processing techniques were applied to (1) correct geometrically the data for proper registration, (2) perform areal interpolation and smoothing, (3) display the data as images, and (4) perform integration and correlation studies. Each data set was transformed into a rectangular array covering approximately 0.3 degrees of latitude and longitude, with each picture element encompassing [Formula: see text]. Because most variables only sparsely populate the raw image array (i.e., flight line data), the data were interpolated and smoothed using spatial filtering techniques to construct continuous images. The individual data sets were displayed as black and white continuous tone images, color coded to form color contour maps, or manipulated to generate shaded‐relief models. Methods for correlation and data interpretation were systematically investigated by using all available sources. Predetermined factual information (“prior knowledge” correlation statistics) was used to establish grounds for correlation and better define the limits of the data. This kind of data manipulation provided an enhanced pictorial representation of the geologic, geochemical, and geophysical anomalies previously documented at Cement.

scholarly journals 3D GPR Image-based UcNet for Enhancing Underground Cavity Detectability

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 2545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Man-Sung Kang ◽  
Namgyu Kim ◽  
Seok Been Im ◽  
Jong-Jae Lee ◽  
Yun-Kyu An
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Dependent Data ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Underground Cavity ◽  
Cavity Detection ◽  
3D Gpr ◽  
Ground Penetrating

This paper proposes a 3D ground penetrating radar (GPR) image-based underground cavity detection network (UcNet) for preventing sinkholes in complex urban roads. UcNet is developed based on convolutional neural network (CNN) incorporated with phase analysis of super-resolution (SR) GPR images. CNNs have been popularly used for automated GPR data classification, because expert-dependent data interpretation of massive GPR data obtained from urban roads is typically cumbersome and time consuming. However, the conventional CNNs often provide misclassification results due to similar GPR features automatically extracted from arbitrary underground objects such as cavities, manholes, gravels, subsoil backgrounds and so on. In particular, non-cavity features are often misclassified as real cavities, which degrades the CNNs’ performance and reliability. UcNet improves underground cavity detectability by generating SR GPR images of the cavities extracted from CNN and analyzing their phase information. The proposed UcNet is experimentally validated using in-situ GPR data collected from complex urban roads in Seoul, South Korea. The validation test results reveal that the underground cavity misclassification is remarkably decreased compared to the conventional CNN ones.

scholarly journals Ground-penetrating radar signature of Quaternary faulting: a study from the Mt. Pollino region, southern Apennines, Italy

Solid Earth ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2573-2596
Author(s):  
Maurizio Ercoli ◽  
Daniele Cirillo ◽  
Cristina Pauselli ◽  
Harry M. Jol ◽  
Francesco Brozzetti
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Normal Fault ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Seismic Gap ◽  
Southern Apennines ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
3D Gpr ◽  
2D Data ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Abstract. With the aim of unveiling evidence of Late Quaternary faulting, a series of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) profiles were acquired across the southern portion of the Fosso della Valle–Campotenese normal fault (VCT), located at the Campotenese continental basin (Mt. Pollino region) in the southern Apennines active extensional belt (Italy). A set of 49 GPR profiles, traced nearly perpendicular to this normal fault, was acquired using 300 and 500 MHz antennas and carefully processed through a customized workflow. The data interpretation allowed us to reconstruct a pseudo-3D model depicting the boundary between the Mesozoic bedrock and the sedimentary fill of the basin, which were in close proximity to the fault. Once the GPR signature of faulting was reviewed and defined, we interpret near-surface alluvial and colluvial sediments dislocated by a set of conjugate (W- and E-dipping) discontinuities that penetrate inside the underlying Triassic dolostones. Close to the contact between the continental deposits and the bedrock, some buried scarps which offset wedge-shaped deposits are interpreted as coseismic ruptures, subsequently sealed by later deposits. Our pseudo-3D GPR dataset represented a good trade-off between a dense 3D-GPR volume and conventional 2D data, which normally requires a higher degree of subjectivity during the interpretation. We have thus reconstructed a reliable subsurface fault pattern, discriminating master faults and a series of secondary splays. This contribution better characterizes active Quaternary faults in an area which falls within the Pollino seismic gap and is considered prone to severe surface faulting. Our results encourage further research at the study site, whilst we also recommend our workflow for similar regions characterized by high seismic hazard and scarcity of near-surface geophysical data.

In situ microprobe quantitation of inorganic particle burden in paraffin sections of lung tissue

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 990-991
Author(s):  
Jerrold L. Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Particulate Material ◽  
Paraffin Sections ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Past ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Data Result

Inorganic particulate material of diverse types is present in the ambient and occupational environment, and exposure to such materials is a well recognized cause of some lung disease. To investigate the interaction of inhaled inorganic particulates with the lung it is necessary to obtain quantitative information on the particulate burden of lung tissue in a wide variety of situations. The vast majority of diagnostic and experimental tissue samples (biopsies and autopsies) are fixed with formaldehyde solutions, dehydrated with organic solvents and embedded in paraffin wax. Over the past 16 years, I have attempted to obtain maximal analytical use of such tissue with minimal preparative steps. Unique diagnostic and research data result from both qualitative and quantitative analyses of sections. Most of the data has been related to inhaled inorganic particulates in lungs, but the basic methods are applicable to any tissues. The preparations are primarily designed for SEM use, but they are stable for storage and transport to other laboratories and several other instruments (e.g., for SIMS techniques).

Industry Payments to Plastic Surgeons: What Has Changed Over the Last Six-Years Following Implementation of the Physician Payment Sunshine Act?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rowland W Pettit ◽  
Jordan Kaplan ◽  
Matthew M Delancy ◽  
Edward Reece ◽  
Sebastian Winocour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
User Interface ◽  
Stock Options ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Physician Payment ◽  
The Past ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Open Payments

Abstract Background The Open Payments Program, as designated by the Physician Payments Sunshine Act is the single largest repository of industry payments made to licensed physicians within the United States. Though sizeable in its dataset, the database and user interface are limited in their ability to permit expansive data interpretation and summarization. Objectives We sought to comprehensively compare industry payments made to plastic surgeons with payments made to all surgeons and all physicians to elucidate industry relationships since implementation. Methods The Open Payments Database was queried between 2014 and 2019, and inclusion criteria were applied. These data were evaluated in aggregate and for yearly totals, payment type, and geographic distribution. Results 61,000,728 unique payments totaling $11,815,248,549 were identified over the six-year study period. 9,089 plastic surgeons, 121,151 surgeons, and 796,260 total physicians received these payments. Plastic surgeons annually received significantly less payment than all surgeons (p=0.0005). However, plastic surgeons did not receive significantly more payment than all physicians (p = 0.0840). Cash and cash equivalents proved to be the most common form of payment; Stock and stock options were least commonly transferred. Plastic surgeons in Tennessee received the most in payments between 2014-2019 (mean $ 76,420.75). California had the greatest number of plastic surgeons to receive payments (1,452 surgeons). Conclusions Plastic surgeons received more in industry payments than the average of all physicians but received less than all surgeons. The most common payment was cash transactions. Over the past six years, geographic trends in industry payments have remained stable.

scholarly journals Change in mean and extreme temperature at Yingkou station in Northeast China from 1904 to 2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 164 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoying Xue ◽  
Guoyu Ren ◽  
Xiubao Sun ◽  
Panfeng Zhang ◽  
Yuyu Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northeast China ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Past ◽  
Significant Downward Trend ◽  
Cold Events ◽  
Temperature Indices ◽  
Increasing Trends ◽  
Change In Mean

AbstractThe understanding of centennial trends of extreme temperature has been impeded due to the lack of early-year observations. In this paper, we collect and digitize the daily temperature data set of Northeast China Yingkou meteorological station since 1904. After quality control and homogenization, we analyze the changes of mean and extreme temperature in the past 114 years. The results show that mean temperature (Tmean), maximum temperature (Tmax), and minimum temperature (Tmin) all have increasing trends during 1904–2017. The increase of Tmin is the most obvious with the rate of 0.34 °C/decade. The most significant warming occurs in spring and winter with the rate of Tmean reaching 0.32 °C/decade and 0.31 °C/decade, respectively. Most of the extreme temperature indices as defined using absolute and relative thresholds of Tmax and Tmin also show significant changes, with cold events witnessing a more significant downward trend. The change is similar to that reported for global land and China for the past six decades. It is also found that the extreme highest temperature (1958) and lowest temperature (1920) records all occurred in the first half of the whole period, and the change of extreme temperature indices before 1950 is different from that of the recent decades, in particular for diurnal temperature range (DTR), which shows an opposite trend in the two time periods.

scholarly journals Self-reflectivity: a moment of professionalization in psychotherapy training

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarete Finger-Ossinger ◽  
Henriette Löffler-Stastka
Keyword(s):  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
European Association ◽  
Psychotherapy Training ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Clear Indication ◽  
Learning Program ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
The Past ◽  
Essential Prerequisite

The required basic skills of European psychotherapists were published by the European Association of Psychotherapy in 2013. One of these abilities is self-reflection. To mentalize oneself, to reflect on what circumstances and experiences in the past and present have led to the present desires, thoughts and convictions is an essential prerequisite for professional work in the psychosocial field. With the help of the thematic analysis a data set of 41 self-reflection reports of students is analysed at the end of the training. Since the training should be evaluated and if necessary optimized, it should be examined which elements of the online preparation course make the selfreflection ability visible. The analysis of the students’ texts gives a clear indication of existing self-reflection skills. It was surprising that for some students, besides the great importance of self-awareness lessons, affective integration into the blended learning program was an essential impulse for self-reflection.

scholarly journals Diagnostic and prognostic simulations with a full Stokes model accounting for superimposed ice of Midtre Lovénbreen, Svalbard

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Zwinger ◽  
J. C. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Free Surface ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Thermal State ◽  
Steady State Solution ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Surface Evolution ◽  
Steady State Model ◽  
Elevation Changes ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Abstract. We present steady state (diagnostic) and transient (prognostic) simulations of Midtre Lovénbreen, Svalbard performed with the thermo-mechanically coupled full-Stokes code Elmer. This glacier has an extensive data set of geophysical measurements available spanning several decades, that allow for constraints on model descriptions. Consistent with this data set, we included a simple model accounting for the formation of superimposed ice. Diagnostic results indicated that a dynamic adaptation of the free surface is necessary, to prevent non-physically high velocities in a region of under determined bedrock depths. Observations from ground penetrating radar of the basal thermal state agree very well with model predictions, while the dip angles of isochrones in radar data also match reasonably well with modelled isochrones, despite the numerical deficiencies of estimating ages with a steady state model. Prognostic runs for 53 years, using a constant accumulation/ablation pattern starting from the steady state solution obtained from the configuration of the 1977 DEM show that: 1 the unrealistic velocities in the under determined parts of the DEM quickly damp out; 2 the free surface evolution matches well measured elevation changes; 3 the retreat of the glacier under this scenario continues with the glacier tongue in a projection to 2030 being situated ≈500 m behind the position in 1977.

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