Arsenic trioxide poisoning: a description of two acute overdoses

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 359-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey K Isbister ◽  
Andrew H Dawson ◽  
Ian M Whyte
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Trioxide ◽  
Chelation Therapy ◽  
Adverse Outcome ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Gastrointestinal Toxicity ◽  
Whole Bowel Irrigation ◽  
Urine Concentrations ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Gastrointestinal Decontamination ◽  
Very High

Arsenic is a traditional poison that has a history extending back into ancient times, as a medicinal agent, a homicidal poison and more recently in deliberate and unintentional self-poisoning. We report two cases of acute poisoning with an unwettable formulation of arsenic trioxide. Both patients had early gastrointestinal toxicity and were treated with early whole bowel irrigation (WBI). Chelation therapy with dimercaptosuccinic acid (dimercaptosuccinate, DMSA) was commenced within 24 hours and serial blood and urine arsenic concentrations were measured. Neither patient suffered any adverse outcome in spite of very high blood and urine concentrations of arsenic. Arsenic quantification in blood, urine and faeces suggested that enhanced gastrointestinal decontamination was minimally effective for decontamination and that DMSA for at least two weeks was required.

scholarly journals Attempted suicide by poisoning of self-prepared arsenic trioxide solution

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
KM Poon ◽  
SK Lam ◽  
CH Lai ◽  
HT Fung
Keyword(s):  
Supportive Care ◽  
Arsenic Trioxide ◽  
Chelation Therapy ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Chinese Herb ◽  
Gastric Lavage ◽  
Sulfide Mineral ◽  
Fluid Replacement ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Arsenic Poisoning

Introduction: Arsenic is a traditional poison that has a history extending back to ancient times. Case presentation: A 43-year-old male presented to our Emergency Department 50 min after ingestion of 300 mL self-prepared arsenic trioxide solution (砒霜). He produced the solution from heating xionghuang (雄黃), an arsenic sulfide mineral (As4S4) which is a Chinese herb, for academic purposes a few years ago. Discussion: Supportive care including fluid replacement and decontamination with gastric lavage and chelation therapy with intravenous dimercaptopropanesulphonate sodium was given to patient. Spot urine arsenic to creatinine ratio significantly decreased from 343,124 nmol/mmol (day 3) to 7116 nmol/mmol (day 5). He had an uneventful course without any neurological deficit. Conclusions: Treatment of acute arsenic poisoning includes supportive care, decontamination, and chelation therapy. DMPS is an antidote for arsenic poisoning and its use should be directed by clinical status and urinary arsenic excretion.

Clearance of arsenic by haemodialysis after acute poisoning with arsenic trioxide

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 334-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Blythe ◽  
David A. Joyce
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Trioxide ◽  
Acute Poisoning

A revised Archaean chronology for the Napier Complex, Enderby Land, from SHRIMP ion-microprobe studies

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.L. Harley ◽  
L.P. Black
Keyword(s):  
Time Interval ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Igneous Activity ◽  
High Grade Metamorphism ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Tectonothermal Event ◽  
Very High ◽  
Napier Complex

The long and complex Archaean evolution of the Napier Complex of Enderby Land, characterized by high-grade metamorphism and several strong deformations, is reassessed in the light of new SHRIMPU–Pb zircon dating results bearing on the ages of protoliths and possible regional extents of distinct Archaean tectonothermal events. Initial felsic igneous activity occurred over a significant time interval c. 3800 Ma ago. An age of 2980±9 Ma for the emplacement of charnockite at Proclamation Island might date the oldest tectonothermal event to be recognized in the Napier Complex. An ensuing, very-high grade, previously imprecisely dated tectonothermal event occurred at 2837±15 Ma. U–Pb zircon ages ranging from 2456+8/−5 Ma to 2481±4 Ma date a subsequent, protracted high-grade tectonothermal event. Whereas the ~2840 Ma event is of regional importance in the Amundsen Bay-Casey Bay area, it is possible that the ~2980 Ma event was of only moderate grade, minor importance, or even absent, in that part of the Complex. If so, the apparent trend to very-high temperature metamorphism in the Tula and Scott mountains compared with the Napier Mountains may reflect two distinct metamorphic events rather than a simple baric and thermal gradient. The oldest crustal component in the Napier Complex appears to have been of igneous derivation. Zircon populations in paragneisses at Mount Sones are similar to those in the nearby orthogneisses, which therefore may have been basement. Another paragneiss, in the Casey Bay area, yields no zircons older than 2840 Ma, probably indicating that pre-3000 Ma crust, which is now located nearby, was not exposed at the time of sedimentation there. The isotopic data are quite complex, particularly in rocks that experienced postcrystallization metamorphic temperatures of 1000°C or more. It is postulated that this complexity, which was largely the product of migration of radiogenic Pb within the zircon grains in ancient times, and produced local excesses of this element with respect to its parent U, was caused by volume diffusion at these abnormally high regional crustal temperatures.

Position paper update: Whole bowel irrigation for gastrointestinal decontamination of overdose patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben Thanacoody ◽  
E. Martin Caravati ◽  
Bill Troutman ◽  
Jonas Höjer ◽  
Blaine Benson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Position Paper ◽  
Whole Bowel Irrigation ◽  
Gastrointestinal Decontamination

scholarly journals Ambergris as an overlooked historical marine resource: its biology and role as a global economic commodity

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Brito ◽  
Vera L. Jordão ◽  
Graham J. Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Whales ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Marine Resource ◽  
Economic Exploitation ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The World ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Very High

Ambergris is a rare substance produced in the intestines of sperm whales. It appears to result from an irritation caused by the beaks of the cephalopods on which they feed. The link between ambergris and whales, if not the mechanism by which ambergris is produced, has been addressed throughout history but, due to contradictory reports and fanciful explanations regarding its origin, only recently has it been widely accepted. Since ancient times ambergris has been used for medicinal purposes and in perfumes, but its supposed exotic properties are an important reason for the European demand for this substance. Accounts about ambergris from places where Europeans sailed since the 15th century are numerous. In the 16th and 17th centuries there were no laws dictating who owned the ambergris found on beaches and many pieces were sold or traded, legally or illegally, from overseas to Europe. However, this product was always obtained in relatively small quantities. More recently, with the advent of industrial whaling dedicated to sperm whaling conducted by several nations in various parts of the world during the 19th and 20th centuries, ambergris acquired an importance of its own and was sold at very high prices. In the Azores, ambergris from hunted sperm whales was documented; the same applies for Madeira and the Portuguese mainland. Being a product typically reported in whaling data and related to the economic exploitation of the sea, it is through the historical sources that its importance is clearly demonstrated.

scholarly journals Review: Tanaman Obat yang Berefek Sebagai Antigout

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abshar Fariz ◽  
Muhammad Aditya Sholihin ◽  
Rakhmat Fauzi ◽  
Muhammad Ikhwan Rizki
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
The Internet ◽  
High Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
The People ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Phaleria Macrocarpa ◽  
Sonchus Arvensis ◽  
Very High

ABSTRAK Gout adalah keadaan penumpukan kristal yang berasal dari gangguan metabolisme asam urat di dalam sendi, jaringan periartikular, tulang dan organ lainnya. Pasien yang menderita gout akan memiliki resiko dari kardiovaskular yang sangat tinggi, sehingga perlu strategi pencegahan yang optimal. Prevalensi asam urat di Indonesia terjadi pada usia di bawah 34 tahun yaitu sebesar 32%. Sejak zaman dahulu masyarakat Indonesia mengenal dan menggunakan tanaman berkhasiat obat sebagai salah satu upaya menanggulangi berbagai masalah kesehatan. Review bertujuan untuk membahas tanaman yang terkait dengan gout yang digunakan untuk mengurangi dan mencegah terjadinya gout berdasarkan literatur. Pada review artikel ini digunakan literatur online dan offline. Literatur online didapat dari jurnal publikasi lokal maupun internasional yang diperoleh dari penyedia jurnal di internet. Literatur offline yang digunakan yaitu buku dan e-book. Gout dapat diatasi dengan bahan alam yaitu Sirsak (Annonna muricata Linn.), Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa), Suruhan (Peperomia pellucida), Kulit Manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) Daun Tempuyung (Sonchus arvensis) dan Daun Salam (Syzygium polyanthum). Kata Kunci : Asam urat, bahan alam, gout, tanaman ABSTRACT Gout is a state of buildup of crystals derived from metabolic disorders of uric acid in joints, periarticular tissues, bones and other organs. Patients suffering from gout will have a very high cardiovascular risk, so an optimal prevention strategy is needed. The prevalence of uric acid in Indonesia occurs at age below 34 years that is equal to 32%. Since ancient times the people of Indonesia know and use medicinal plants as one of the efforts to overcome various health problems. Review aims to discuss gout-related plants used to reduce and prevent the occurrence of gout based on literature. In this article review used the online and offline literature. Online literature is obtained from local and international publication journals obtained from journal providers on the internet. The offline literature used is books and e-books. Gout can be overcome with natural ingredients namely Soursop (Annonna muricata Linn.), Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa), Suruhan (Peperomia pellucida), Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) Tempuyung Leaf (Sonchus arvensis) and Leaf Salam (Syzygium polyanthum). Keywords: Uric acid, natural ingredients, gout, plants

scholarly journals HISTORY OF EVOLUTION OF THE PROFESSION «ARCHITECT»: CHANGES IN REQUIREMENTS AND NEW CHALLENGES

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
M. Fedorova ◽  
A. Gorchatova
Keyword(s):  
Smart Cities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
History Of Evolution ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Very High

The rapidly changing world around us requires constant reflection and assessment of past changes and metamorphoses in order to prepare for the challenges of the future. The speed of change today is very high and every step aimed at adapting to these changes must have an appropriate basis. The cost of errors and delay increases many times. The article presents a brief history of the evolution of the profession of architect abroad and in Russia, with an emphasis on the methods of training future architects and the disciplines studied. The retrospective analysis is aimed at identifying patterns and features of the development of professional skills from ancient times to the present. It allows us to assess how much the attitude to the profession, approaches to education and the status of the architect has changed over the past time, how gradually there was a transition from a «significant figure in society» to a «blurring of the boundaries» of the profession, its branching. The analysis of current trends presented in the second part aims to formulate the requirements for which it is necessary to prepare future specialists in the field of architecture (the development of Smart cities and co-participating design), as well as to evaluate approaches to the participation of architects in the development of Smart cities abroad.

Gastrointestinal Decontamination for Acute Poisoning

1986 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
George C. Rodgers ◽  
Nancy J. Matyunas
Keyword(s):  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Gastrointestinal Decontamination

Phase II trial of old age acute myeloid leukemia treatment by arsenic trioxide and low-dose subcutaneous cytosin arabinoside

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 7075-7075
Author(s):  
A. Ghavamzadeh ◽  
S. Hashemi ◽  
K. Alimoghaddam ◽  
Z. Nasri Moghaddam ◽  
M. Shadpour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Trioxide ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Best Supportive Care ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Leukemia Treatment ◽  
Wbc Count ◽  
Very High

7075 Background: AML is a disease of old age, but unfortunately due to several factors standard treatment can not be delivered to these patients. Here we tried to achieve to bet possible response to these patients. Methods: Eleven old age patients selected for this trial. Patients couldn't tolerate standard treatment of AML due to old age or comorbid disorders. Treatment consist of best supportive care plus administration of low dose ARA-C (20mg/day as SQ) for 10 days each months and arsenic trioxide 10 mg/day as 2 hour iv infusion each month. Patients followed by CBC and BMA/B when peripheral blood normalized or every other month. Results: This cohort consist of 8 men and 3 women. Median age was 75 y/o (55–80). Median WBC count Hb level and platelet count at presentation were 42,860μl, 8.3g/dl and 30,500/μl, respectively. Complete remission observed in 6 and partial remission in one patient (RR = 63.6%), but remission was short live, after 6 months one patient was in CR and one in PR. After 12 months, only one patient was in PR. Median survival was 6 months and 6 patients survive more than 6 months. Two patients are alive after 12 months. Conclusions: Although prognosis of old age AML remain poor, but with this type of treatment RR is acceptable. In this very high-risk group of very old AML, combination of ATO and ARA-C possibly could improve survival. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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