scholarly journals Age-associated memory impairment and related disorders

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Progressive Dementia ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
Normal Ageing ◽  
Difficult Area

Complaints of poor memory are common in the healthy elderly and to many it may seem unsurprising that cognitive function declines with ‘normal’ ageing. Virtually every biological system alters with age and, just as a 70-year-old cannot run as fast or hear as well as when he or she was 20, it is perhaps inevitable that cognitive function also becomes impaired. However, far from being straightforward, the nature, classification and clinical significance of age-related cognitive changes that fall short of dementia remain a most controversial and difficult area (see O'Brien & Beats, 1994; Dal Forno & Kawas, 1995). The recent emergence of new drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (donepezil and rivastigmine) and related disorders has emphasised the need to study groups with milder degrees of cognitive impairment. It is necessary to determine whether such conditions are benign and non-progressive, or harbingers of progressive dementia and so appropriate conditions to target for early therapeutic intervention. The presence of age-related cognitive changes raises other important issues including why such changes occur, how they should be classified and whether, even if ‘benign’, they can and should be treated.

scholarly journals Perilla Seed Oil Enhances Cognitive Function and Mental Health in Healthy Elderly Japanese Individuals by Enhancing the Biological Antioxidant Potential

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1130
Author(s):  
Michio Hashimoto ◽  
Kentaro Matsuzaki ◽  
Shahdat Hossain ◽  
Tomoko Ito ◽  
Harumi Wakatsuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Elderly Japanese ◽  
Perilla Seed

Oxidative stress plays an important role in age-associated cognitive decline. We recently reported that dietary intake of perilla seed oil (PO), a rich source of α-linolenic acid (LNA, C18:3, ω-3), helps in maintaining good mental health in adults. This study aimed to investigate the impacts of dietary PO intake on cognitive functions and mental health in healthy, elderly Japanese individuals. Seventy-five healthy volunteers aged 64–84 years were randomly divided into two groups: a control group and a PO-administered group. At baseline and at 12 months of intervention, cognitive function, mental health condition, fatty acid profile of the red blood cell plasma membranes (RBC-PM), and serum biochemical parameters were evaluated. Results showed that serum biological antioxidant potential and LNA levels in the RBC-PM at 12 months after the trial were significantly higher in the PO group compared to the control group. Further, both the cognitive function measures, as evaluated by the Frontal Assessment Battery test and the apathy scores, tended to be improved after 12 months in the PO group. Our results demonstrate that dietary PO intake enhances the antioxidant potential and prevents the age-related cognitive and mental decline in healthy elderly individuals by enhancing the blood LNA levels.

scholarly journals The age-related effect on cognitive performance in cognitively healthy elderly is mainly caused by underlying AD pathology or cerebrovascular lesions: implications for cutoffs regarding cognitive impairment

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Borland ◽  
Erik Stomrud ◽  
Danielle van Westen ◽  
Oskar Hansson ◽  
Sebastian Palmqvist
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Cerebrovascular Lesions ◽  
Cerebrovascular Pathology ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Background As research in treatments for neurocognitive diseases progresses, there is an increasing need to identify cognitive decline in the earliest stages of disease for initiation of treatment in addition to determining the efficacy of treatment. For early identification, accurate cognitive tests cutoff values for cognitive impairment are essential. Methods We conducted a study on 297 cognitively healthy elderly people from the BioFINDER study and created subgroups excluding people with signs of underlying neuropathology, i.e., abnormal cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] β-amyloid or phosphorylated tau, CSF neurofilament light (neurodegeneration), or cerebrovascular pathology. We compared cognitive test results between groups and examined the age effect on cognitive test results. Results In our subcohort without any measurable pathology (n = 120), participants achieved better test scores and significantly stricter cutoffs for cognitive impairment for almost all the examined tests. The age effect in this subcohort disappeared for all cognitive tests, apart from some attention/executive tests, predominantly explained by the exclusion of cerebrovascular pathology. Conclusion Our study illustrates a new approach to establish normative data that could be useful to identify earlier cognitive changes in preclinical dementias. Future studies need to investigate if there is a genuine effect of healthy aging on cognitive tests or if this age effect is a proxy for higher prevalence of preclinical neurodegenerative diseases.

A Systematic Review of Cognitive Impairments Associated With Kidney Failure in Adults Before Natural Age-Related Changes

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Brodski ◽  
Susan L. Rossell ◽  
David J. Castle ◽  
Eric J. Tan
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

AbstractObjectives: Recognition of cognitive impairment in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its impact on functioning in adults is growing. The vast majority of studies to date have been conducted in older populations where CKD is more pronounced; however, the degree to which age-related cognitive changes could be influencing these findings remains unaddressed. This current study thus aimed to review cognitive impairment findings by stage in non-elderly CKD samples. Methods: PubMed and Medline via Scopus were searched for cross-sectional or cohort studies and randomized controlled trials that assessed cognitive function in individuals with CKD in any research setting. CKD studies including patients at any illness stage were included providing participants were below 65 years old, were not on peritoneal dialysis and had not undergone a kidney transplant. Results: Fifteen studies, with a total of 9304 participants, were included. Cognitive function broadly deteriorated from stage 1 to stage 5. Early stage CKD was associated with a drop in speed of processing, attention, response speed, and short-term memory abilities. Moderate stage CKD was associated with deficits in executive functioning, verbal fluency, logical memory, orientation and concentration. People with end stage kidney disease manifested significant deficits in all previous cognitive domains, along with cognitive control, delayed and immediate memory, visuospatial impairment, and overall cognitive impairment. Conclusions: Cognitive impairment is evident across the stages of CKD, independent of age-related changes, for both lower-order and higher-order cognitive abilities. These impairments also increase between the stages, suggesting a cumulative effect. Future directions for research are discussed. (JINS, 2019, 25, 101–114)

INFLUENCE OF HEARING DECLINE ON COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN ELDERLY AND SENIER AGE PATIENTS AND ITS ASSESSMENT AFTER COCHLEAR IMPLANTATION (LITERATURE REVIEW)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1174-1180
Author(s):  
С. Б. Сугарова ◽  
В. Е. Кузовков ◽  
Р. К. Кантемирова ◽  
С. В. Лиленко ◽  
Д. С. Луппов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Cochlear Implantation ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Impaired People

Изучение влияния кохлеарной имплантации на когнитивную функцию (КФ) является актуальной проблемой, так как в мире увеличивается популяция людей пожилого и старческого возраста, которые, как правило, имеют те или иные нарушения слуха. Возрастная потеря слуха является одним из наиболее распространенных нарушений здоровья, связанных со старением, от которого страдают /людей старше 70 лет. Однако лишь немногие взрослые проходят тестирование на потерю слуха, и еще меньше подвергаются лечению. Известно, что утрата слуха - наиболее распространенный сенсорный дефицит - формирует предпосылки для сужения диапазона КФ у лиц пожилого возраста и может служить фактором, ускоряющим прогрессирование когнитивных изменений. Нами проведен анализ имеющихся исследований влияния снижения слуха и кохлеарной имплантации на КФ. Выявлено, что в большинстве своем они имели малую выборку, результаты не подвергались необходимому статистическому анализу, а использованные тесты были не адаптированы для слабослышащих людей. Проведя анализ разных тестов для оценки КФ, были отобраны тесты HI-MoCA и RBANS-H, которые адаптированы для слабослышащих людей, что позволило достоверно оценить когнитивную функцию в пред-и послеоперационном периодах, а также проследить влияние кохлеарной имплантации на КФ в послеоперационном периоде. The study of the effect of cochlear implantation on cognitive function is an urgent problem, since the world is increasing the population of elderly and senile people who, as a rule, have certain hearing impairments. Age-related hearing loss is one of the most common health problems associated with aging, affecting two-thirds of people over the age of 70. However, few adults are tested for hearing loss, and even fewer are being treated. It is known that hearing loss - the most common sensory defi cit-forms the prerequisites for narrowing the range of cognitive functions in the elderly and can serve as a factor accelerating the progression of cognitive changes. We analyzed the available research on the effects of hearing loss and cochlear implantation on cognitive function. It was revealed that for the most part, they had a small sample, the results were not subjected to the necessary statistical analysis, and the tests used were not adapted for hearing impaired people. After analyzing different tests for assessing cognitive function, HI-MoCA and RBANS-H tests were selected, which are adapted for hearing impaired people, which will allow to reliably assess cognitive function in the pre- and postoperative period, as well as to trace the effect of cochlear implantation on cognitive function in postoperative period.

scholarly journals Quantitation of circulating GDF-11 and β2-MG in aged patients with age-related impairment in cognitive function

2017 ◽  
Vol 131 (15) ◽  
pp. 1895-1904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rungong Yang ◽  
Shuhong Fu ◽  
Liang Zhao ◽  
Bei Zhen ◽  
Ling Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
Ageing Process ◽  
Aged Patients ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference

Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF-11) has been implicated in reverse effects of ageing on the central nervous system of humans. β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) has been reported to negatively regulate cognition. However, there is a lot of controversy about the role of GDF-11 and β2-MG in ageing and cognitive regulation. To examine the involvement of GDF-11 and β2-MG in the ageing process and cognitive dysfunction, a total of 51 healthy subjects and 41 elderly patients with different degrees of age-related cognitive impairment participated in the study. We measured plasma GDF-11 and β2-MG levels using ELISA and immunoturbidimetry, respectively. The results were statistically analyzed to evaluate the associations between levels of GDF-11 and β2-MG, and ageing and cognitive impairments. Circulating GDF-11 levels did not decline with age or correlate with ageing in healthy Chinese males. We did not detect differences in circulating GDF-11 levels amongst the healthy advanced age and four cognitive impairment groups. β2-MG levels increased with age, but there was no significant difference between healthy elderly males and advanced age males. Increased levels of β2-MG were observed in the dementia group compared with the healthy advanced age group. Our results suggest that circulating GDF-11 may not exert a protective effect during the ageing process or on cognitive function, and β2-MG may play a role in ageing and cognitive impairment. However, it is possible that the relatively small sample size in the present study affected the quality of the statistical analysis, and future studies are needed to further validate our findings.

Language and Aging

2019 ◽  
pp. 294-316
Author(s):  
Jonathan E. Peelle
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Language Abilities ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Older Adulthood ◽  
Neural Organization ◽  
Age Related ◽  
High Level

Language processing in older adulthood is a model of balance between preservation and decline. Despite widespread changes to physiological mechanisms supporting perception and cognition, older adults’ language abilities are frequently well preserved. At the same time, the neural systems engaged to achieve this high level of success change, and individual differences in neural organization appear to differentiate between more and less successful performers. This chapter reviews anatomical and cognitive changes that occur in aging and popular frameworks for age-related changes in brain function, followed by an examination of how these principles play out in the context of language comprehension and production.

scholarly journals SAT0623-HPR THE LIVED EXPERIENCES OF COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION IN ADULTS WITH FIBROMYALGIA: A QUALITATIVE SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1271.1-1272
Author(s):  
S. Derham ◽  
J. Lewis ◽  
E. Dures ◽  
F. Cramp
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Cognitive Changes

Background:Adults with fibromyalgia frequently report symptoms of cognitive dysfunction, often referred to as fibrofog. However primary research exploring cognitive dysfunction in the lives of adults with fibromyalgia is very limited (Kravitz and Katz, 2015).Objectives:The aim of this review was to (i) synthesise the qualitative literature on the lived experiences of cognitive dysfunction in adults with fibromyalgia, (ii) develop common themes through thematic analysis and (iii) identify knowledge gaps to inform future research and clinical practice in this area.Methods:Seven electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Amed, Scopus and OpenGrey), reference lists of key articles and two high impact qualitative journals were searched from 1990 to November 2018. Articles were eligible for inclusion if they reported primary qualitative data exploring the experiences of cognitive dysfunction in adults with fibromyalgia. Included studies were appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) qualitative checklist and extracted data analysed using narrative synthesis. SD conducted critical appraisal and data extraction on all included studies. FC, JL and ED reviewed five papers each. All papers were reviewed by two co-authors. Of the 1413 records identified, 15 studies were selected for inclusion.Results:These studies included 208 women and 22 men with fibromyalgia, aged 18 to 72 years and representing seven different countries. Duration of diagnosis was four months to 34 years. Fourteen studies used interviews and one used focus groups. None of the included studies focussed exclusively on cognitive function in adults with fibromyalgia. Three studies identified themes specific to cognitive dysfunction and fibromyalgia symptoms. The remaining 12 studies presented relevant data intertwined with the overall lived experiences of fibromyalgia.Cognitive dysfunction, as a part of fibromyalgia, was often unpredictable. Problems with memory and concentration that were most commonly reported were emotionally distressing and affected functional and vocational activities. Participants found communication effortful, with a negative impact on work, leisure and social activities. Stress, fear and worry around perceived cognitive changes were commonly expressed. Lost employment or changed work roles and relationships, due to cognitive difficulties, had negative impacts for many participants. The terms cognitive dysfunction and fibrofog were used interchangeably within the studies, but lacked common definition. This introduced uncertainty around whether participants and authors were describing the same phenomenon.Conclusion:Adults with fibromyalgia experience unpredictable and emotionally impactful difficulties related to cognitive dysfunction. Functional impact was broad-reaching, particularly around work ability and lost employment opportunities. It is unclear how cognitive symptoms in fibromyalgia related to co-morbid symptoms such as pain, fatigue and poor sleep. Further research focusing on the full impact of cognitive function on the lives of adults with fibromyalgia is recommended to inform clinical practice. Research to establish clarity of definition of the terms cognitive dysfunction and fibrofog within fibromyalgia is highly recommended.References:[1]Kravitz H, Katz R. Fibrofog and fibromyalgia: a narrative review and implications for clinical practice. Rheumatology International. 2015;35(7):1115-25.Acknowledgments:This work is supported by the National Institute for Heath Research [ICA-PCAF-2018-01-078 to SD]Disclosure of Interests:Sandra Derham: None declared, Jenny Lewis: None declared, Emma Dures Grant/research support from: Independent Learning Grant from Pfizer, combined funding for a research fellow from Celgene, Abbvie and Novartis, Paid instructor for: A fee from Novartis to deliver training to nurses., Fiona Cramp: None declared

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