scholarly journals The practice of evidence-based psychiatry today

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 389-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Wallace

SummaryResearch that should change clinical practice is often ignored for years. Fifty-five new trials are reported in medicine every day. Psychiatrists need to have some way to sift, digest and act on new research to benefit their patients. This article outlines the key elements of evidence-based psychiatry in an attempt to address these needs. Initially, an evidence-based approach is about asking an answerable question, searching for the evidence and then critically appraising the available information for its validity and relevance. The fourth step involves integrating the evidence with clinical expertise and the patient's values. The whole idea is to improve real-life patient care. This article outlines a number of the tools needed to overcome some of the common problems that psychiatrists face when trying to find and use published research results to help solve patients' problems.

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine F. Yonkaitis ◽  
Erin D. Maughan

Evidence-based practice (EBP) is often thought to be synonymous with research and literature. This article focuses on the fourth step in the EBP process: Apply. In this step, we fully integrate the EBP Venn diagram, which illustrates that EBP occurs at the intersection of evidence and data, clinical expertise and resources, and population’s values and cultures. Only when school nurses include each component into their practice decision will true EBP occur.


Author(s):  
R. Nagarathna ◽  
Ritu Chaku

Several common problems of women seem to be on the increase due to the changing life style of urbanization and material progress. Alarming increase in the prevalence of many non- communicable diseases of women such as PMS, mastalgia, PCOS, complications of pregnancy, menopausal syndrome and breast cancer have become a major challenge in all countries round the globe. This chapter covers the principles and practice of yoga in some of these common conditions specific to women. The chapter covers the conceptual basis of yoga in these conditions with a proposed yoga model of the disease and the recommended yoga module for each of these conditions. This chapter covers the principles and practices of yoga in some of the common life style related health problems of women such as premenstrual syndrome (PMS), pregnancy, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), peri-menopausal difficulties and breast cancer, under the following headings: the rationale for using yoga, practically applicable yoga modules and a summary of the published research work.


Author(s):  
Monnica T. Williams ◽  
Erin C. Nghe ◽  
John Hart ◽  
Chad T. Wetterneck

Practitioners working with OCD sufferers are sometimes presented with complicated issues that make it difficult to see significant progress within a client’s treatment. Being skilled at recognizing when treatment is at a standstill is important in and of itself. It is impossible to predict all of the problems that can arise, but being mindful of common glitches can support therapists in recognizing the barriers that sometimes make clients and therapists feel stuck. Discord within a client’s sense of self, fear, lack of trust, time management, family dynamics, and comorbidities are some of the common themes therapists see come up for their clients. There are also matters related to logistics and ethics that therapists may face. This chapter includes illustrations of real-life situations that therapists can take note of, as well as suggestions on how to address the obstacles to better support clients in reaching their goals for OCD wellness. Also included is a list of books, articles, and other resources.


2014 ◽  
Vol 651-653 ◽  
pp. 1988-1991
Author(s):  
De Zhi An ◽  
Guang Li Wu ◽  
Jun Lu

With the rapid development of Web technology, provides abundant information for people, at the same time bring a lot of information redundancy. How to quickly locate the user requirements, is currently one of the common problems in the network retrieval, especially in the field of space information. Spatial data mining has caught more and more scholar's attention. With the rapid development of computer network technology, how to carry on the spatial data mining on the Internet or Intranet, namely how to make Web based spatial data mining is a new research field of SDM, is also one of related scholars increasingly focus on research topics. This paper mainly studies and summarizes the application prospect of the technology of spatial data crawl based web.


2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 688-704
Author(s):  
Katrina Fulcher-Rood ◽  
Anny Castilla-Earls ◽  
Jeff Higginbotham

Purpose The current investigation is a follow-up from a previous study examining child language diagnostic decision making in school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs). The purpose of this study was to examine the SLPs' perspectives regarding the use of evidence-based practice (EBP) in their clinical work. Method Semistructured phone interviews were conducted with 25 school-based SLPs who previously participated in an earlier study by Fulcher-Rood et al. 2018). SLPs were asked questions regarding their definition of EBP, the value of research evidence, contexts in which they implement scientific literature in clinical practice, and the barriers to implementing EBP. Results SLPs' definitions of EBP differed from current definitions, in that SLPs only included the use of research findings. SLPs seem to discuss EBP as it relates to treatment and not assessment. Reported barriers to EBP implementation were insufficient time, limited funding, and restrictions from their employment setting. SLPs found it difficult to translate research findings to clinical practice. SLPs implemented external research evidence when they did not have enough clinical expertise regarding a specific client or when they needed scientific evidence to support a strategy they used. Conclusions SLPs appear to use EBP for specific reasons and not for every clinical decision they make. In addition, SLPs rely on EBP for treatment decisions and not for assessment decisions. Educational systems potentially present other challenges that need to be considered for EBP implementation. Considerations for implementation science and the research-to-practice gap are discussed.


2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
James L. Coyle

Abstract The modern clinician is a research consumer. Rehabilitation of oropharyngeal impairments, and prevention of the adverse outcomes of dysphagia, requires the clinician to select interventions for which evidence of a reasonable likelihood of a successful, important outcome exists. The purpose of this paper is to provide strategies for evaluation of published research regarding treatment of oropharyngeal dysphagia. This article utilizes tutorial and examples to inform and educate practitioners in methods of appraising published research. It provides and encourages the use of methods of efficiently evaluating the validity and clinical importance of published research. Additionally, it discusses the importance of the ethical obligation we, as practitioners, have to use evidence-based treatment selection methods and measurement of patient performance during therapy. The reader is provided with tactics for evaluating treatment studies to establish a study's validity and, thereby, objectively select interventions. The importance of avoiding subjective or unsubstantiated claims and using objective methods of generating empirical clinical evidence is emphasized. The ability to evaluate the quality of research provides clinicians with objective intervention selection as an important, essential component of evidence-based clinical practice. ASHA Code of Ethics (2003): Principle I, Rule F: “Individuals shall fully inform the persons they serve of the nature and possible effects of services rendered and products dispensed…” (p. 2) Principle I, Rule G: “Individuals shall evaluate the effectiveness of services rendered and of products dispensed and shall provide services or dispense products only when benefit can reasonably be expected.” (p. 2) Principle IV, Rule G: “Individuals shall not provide professional services without exercising independent professional judgment, regardless of referral source or prescription.” (p. 4)


2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Antonio Marcos Andrade

Em 2005, o grego John Loannidis, professor da Universidade de Stanford, publicou um artigo na PLOS Medicine intitulado “Why most published research findings are false” [1]. Ele que é dos pioneiros da chamada “meta-ciência”, disciplina que analisa o trabalho de outros cientistas, avaliou se estão respeitando as regras fundamentais que definem a boa ciência. Esse trabalho foi visto com muito espanto e indignação por parte dos pesquisadores na época, pois colocava em xeque a credibilidade da ciência.Para muitos cientistas, isso acontece porque a forma de se produzir conhecimento ficou diferente, ao ponto que seria quase irreconhecível para os grandes gênios dos séculos passados. Antigamente, se analisavam os dados em estado bruto, os autores iam às academias reproduzir suas experiências diante de todos, mas agora isso se perdeu porque os estudos são baseados em seis milhões de folhas de dados. Outra questão importante que garantia a confiabilidade dos achados era que os cientistas, independentemente de suas titulações e da relevância de suas descobertas anteriores, tinham que demonstrar seus novos achados diante de seus pares que, por sua vez, as replicavam em seus laboratórios antes de dar credibilidade à nova descoberta. Contudo, na atualidade, essas garantias veem sendo esquecidas e com isso colocando em xeque a validade de muitos estudos na área de saúde.Preocupados com a baixa qualidade dos trabalhos atuais, um grupo de pesquisadores se reuniram em 2017 e construíram um documento manifesto que acabou de ser publicado no British Medical Journal “Evidence Based Medicine Manifesto for Better Health Care” [2]. O Documento é uma iniciativa para a melhoria da qualidade das evidências em saúde. Nele se discute as possíveis causas da pouca confiabilidade científica e são apresentadas algumas alternativas para a correção do atual cenário. Segundo seus autores, os problemas estão presentes nas diferentes fases da pesquisa:Fases da elaboração dos objetivos - Objetivos inúteis. Muito do que é produzido não tem impacto científico nem clínico. Isso porque os pesquisadores estão mais interessados em produzir um número grande de artigos do que gerar conhecimento. Quase 85% dos trabalhos não geram nenhum benefício direto a humanidade.Fase do delineamento do estudo - Estudos com amostras subdimensionados, que não previnem erros aleatórios. Métodos que não previnem erros sistemáticos (viés na escolha das amostras, falta de randomização correta, viés de confusão, desfechos muito abertos). Em torno de 35% dos pesquisadores assumem terem construídos seus métodos de maneira enviesada.Fase de análise dos dados - Trinta e cinco por cento dos pesquisadores assumem práticas inadequadas no momento de análise dos dados. Muitos assumem que durante esse processo realizam várias análises simultaneamente, e as que apresentam significância estatística são transformadas em objetivos no trabalho. As revistas também têm sua parcela de culpa nesse processo já que os trabalhos com resultados positivos são mais aceitos (2x mais) que trabalhos com resultados negativos.Fase de revisão do trabalho - Muitos revisores de saúde não foram treinados para reconhecer potenciais erros sistemáticos e aleatórios nos trabalhos.Em suma é necessário que pesquisadores e revistas científicas pensem nisso. Só assim, teremos evidências de maior qualidade, estimativas estatísticas adequadas, pensamento crítico e analítico desenvolvido e prevenção dos mais comuns vieses cognitivos do pensamento.


2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
Eka Utami Putri ◽  
Syahdan Syahdan

The purpose of this research was to find out the students' ability in applying Possessive pronoun in writing sentences and the problems encounter it.  This mixed method study employs an explanatory design to reveals it. 53 students out of 105 students from1st semester EFL students from one reputable University in Pekanbaru, Indonesia, were invited to this study. These 53 students were selected using simple random sampling and enrolled for an essay test and interview to see the students' ability and explaining the problems. The data analysis using SPSS showed that the average score of students was 52.98. Meanwhile for the median is 48, the mode is 20. The score of Standard Deviation is 27.93, Variance is 780.25, and Range is 84.  Z-Score was found 41.5%, which is means higher than average and 58.5% while, students' ability was indicated below the average. It showed that the students were low ability in applying possessive pronoun in writing sentences. The study also found the common problems, i.e., (1) students still mixed up between possessive pronoun and possessive adjectives. (2) students used the wrong pattern in using a possessive pronoun. (3) students did not understand clearly about a possessive pronoun, (4) experiencing difficulties in learning possessive pronoun. 


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Di Guardo ◽  
Habib Midassi ◽  
Annalisa Racca ◽  
Herman Tournaye ◽  
Michel De Vos ◽  
...  

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