scholarly journals How have systematic reviews and meta-analyses benefited psychiatry?

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-144
Author(s):  
Alex J. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Confirmation Bias ◽  
Meta Analyses

SummaryThe article by Smith et al (2016) provides a valuable summary on the usefulness and interpretation of systematic reviews. This commentary adds a discussion of confirmation bias and a summary of some of the most useful influential systematic reviews and meta-analyses in mental health.

scholarly journals Prevalence of mental disorders in South Asia: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Mahbub Hossain ◽  
Neetu Purohit ◽  
Abida Sultana ◽  
Ping Ma ◽  
E. Lisako J. McKyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
South Asia ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Umbrella Review ◽  
Meta Analyses

Objectives: Mental disorders are highly prevalent in eight South Asian countries, yet there is a gap of a synthesized overview of the prevalence of mental disorders in this region. This umbrella review aims to summarize the prevalence of mental disorders from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of South Asian studies.Materials and methods: A systematic search of 11 major databases and additional sources was conducted until December 11, 2019. Articles were included if they were systematic reviews or meta-analyses, reported the prevalence of mental disorders, and reported primary studies conducted in South Asian countries only. Results: Among 2591 citations, a total of 23 reviews met all the criteria of this umbrella review. The synthesized findings from those reviews suggest high prevalence rates for mental disorders, including depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, mood disorders, suicidal behavior and self-harm, schizophrenia, substance use disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders, dementia, and other mental health problems. Also, findings suggest a high burden of maternal depression, psychiatric comorbidities in chronic physical illnesses, and various mental disorders among children, elderly adults, refugees, and other vulnerable populations. Most studies were from India whereas evidence from Afghanistan, Bhutan, and Maldives was limited.Conclusion: The findings of this review are constrained with heterogeneity in prevalence estimations, methodologies, sampling issues, and limitations in the existing literature, which should be addressed in future research. The evidence synthesized in this review provides national and regional overview of the prevalence of mental disorders, which may inform better policymaking and practice advancing mental health in South Asia.

Mapping evidence from systematic reviews regarding adult attachment and mental health difficulties: a scoping review

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-229
Author(s):  
G. Mullen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Adult Attachment ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Interpersonal Processes ◽  
Mental Health Difficulties ◽  
Meta Analyses

ObjectiveThe aim of this scoping review was to map evidence gathered through systematic reviews regarding adult attachment and mental health difficulties. This review highlights established, emerging, and inconsistent findings, suggesting areas for future research, and implications for theory and practice.MethodsA systematic search for meta-analyses and systematic reviews measuring adult attachment and concerning mental health difficulties was conducted. In total, 17 studies met the selection criteria.ResultsFindings were presented according to four identified themes, (1) measurement of attachment; (2) measurement of mental health difficulty; (3) intrapersonal processes related to attachment and mental health difficulties; and (4) interpersonal processes related to attachment and mental health difficulties.ConclusionsThis review highlights the connection between attachment style and mental health difficulties, and suggests that relationships can facilitate both mental health and illheath. However, the mechanisms through which insecure attachment confers risk for mental health difficulties require further research.

scholarly journals VULNERABILIDADE MENTAL NA AMBIÊNCIA ONCOLÓGICA: REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA COM META-ANÁLISE E META-REGRESSÃO

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (40) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
João Ygor De Oliveira ◽  
Modesto Leite Rolim Neto
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Clinical Excellence ◽  
Meta Analyses

Introdução: Quais situações psíquicas poderiam ter rompido o ciclo de desamparo na ambiência oncológica, particularmente interligadas ao paciente em final de vida? Uma delas seria aquelas que apresentaram maior vulnerabilidade mental no processo de tratamento, desembocando em diferentes reações e sensações no processo de adoecimento. Objetivo: Analisar a influência da vulnerabilidade mental na prática de cuidados paliativos em pacientes oncológicos, utilizando os protocolos Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), bem como as recomendações do The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), no avaliar intervenções únicas ou múltiplas a partir das quais as evidências foram obtidas. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática com meta-análise e metaregressão. A fonte de informações para os dados pesquisados foram a PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science e PsycINFO. A pesquisa foi realizada com os descritores MeSH: “Palliative Care”, “Mental Health”, “Mental Vulnerability”, “Oncology”. Foi utilizada a limitação de tempo entre 2012 a 2017 e o risco de viés dos estudos selecionados foram analisados segundo a escala de Downs e Black (1998). Para análise estatística foi utilizado o programa Stata 14.0 em que foi calculado a meta-análise pelo método de efeitos aleatório, metarregressão para analisar associação entre as variáveis analisadas e metabias para análise de viés dos resultados apresentados. Resultados: Entre os transtornos mentais mais comuns entre os pacientes oncológicos em cuidados paliativos estão os transtornos de adaptação, transtornos depressivos e transtornos ansiosos. Uma estimativa de efeito de 3,5% é verificado nos pacientes com  sensação de esgotamento, alterações do sono, conflitos nos relacionamentos e dúvidas existenciais. Quando verificado a associação entre transtorno mental e vulnerabilidade mental houve um resultado estatisticamente significativo (p=0,046) quando observado a persistência da ansiedade no tratamento. Analisando o resultado da metaregressão, pode-se notar que há um aumento de 56,9% de risco para a inserção da vulnerabilidade mental quando são envolvidos questões pontuais relacionadas ao processo de morte e morrer. Conclusão: Pacientes oncológicos com algum grau de vulnerabilidade mental, a depender do estágio da doença e do tratamento, necessitam de suporte afetivo e  emocional naquilo que circunda a prática de cuidados paliativos.  

scholarly journals Effects of natural environment on mental health: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahbub Hossain ◽  
Abida Sultana ◽  
Ping Ma ◽  
Qiping Fan ◽  
Rachit Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Umbrella Review ◽  
Data Extraction Tool ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Meta Analyses

Objectives: To synthesize the evidence on the effects of exposure to natural environment on mental health to inform future policymaking, practice, and research. Methods: A systematic search of nine major databases and additional sources were conducted using relevant keywords for the natural environment and mental health till November 2019. We included systematic reviews or meta-analyses reporting any measures of associations between the natural environment and mental health. The data on study characteristics and research findings were extracted using the JBI data extraction tool and synthesized narratively.Results: Twenty reviews were included in this umbrella review reporting both correlational and experimental studies. Among diverse population groups, the exposure to the natural environment was associated with improvements in depressive symptoms, anxiety, mood disorders, stress, cognitive and emotional functions, affect, happiness, and overall mental wellbeing. Conclusions: The findings of this review inform beneficial mental health outcomes associated with exposure to the natural environment. This umbrella review suggests collaborative policymaking, advanced research, and evidence-based practice protecting the natural environment and improving mental health across populations.

scholarly journals Ketamine for the treatment of mental health and substance use disorders: comprehensive systematic review

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zach Walsh ◽  
Ozden Merve Mollaahmetoglu ◽  
Joseph Rootman ◽  
Shannon Golsof ◽  
Johanna Keeler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Randomised Trials ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Meta Analyses

Background In the past two decades, subanaesthetic doses of ketamine have been demonstrated to have rapid and sustained antidepressant effects, and accumulating research has demonstrated ketamine's therapeutic effects for a range of psychiatric conditions. Aims In light of these findings surrounding ketamine's psychotherapeutic potential, we systematically review the extant evidence on ketamine's effects in treating mental health disorders. Method The systematic review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (identifier CRD42019130636). Human studies investigating the therapeutic effects of ketamine in the treatment of mental health disorders were included. Because of the extensive research in depression, bipolar disorder and suicidal ideation, only systematic reviews and meta-analyses were included. We searched Medline and PsycINFO on 21 October 2020. Risk-of-bias analysis was assessed with the Cochrane Risk of Bias tools and A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) Checklist. Results We included 83 published reports in the final review: 33 systematic reviews, 29 randomised controlled trials, two randomised trials without placebo, three non-randomised trials with controls, six open-label trials and ten retrospective reviews. The results were presented via narrative synthesis. Conclusions Systematic reviews and meta-analyses provide support for robust, rapid and transient antidepressant and anti-suicidal effects of ketamine. Evidence for other indications is less robust, but suggests similarly positive and short-lived effects. The conclusions should be interpreted with caution because of the high risk of bias of included studies. Optimal dosing, modes of administration and the most effective forms of adjunctive psychotherapeutic support should be examined further.

scholarly journals Patient and Public Involvement in Youth Mental Health Research: Protocol for a Systematic Review of Practices and Impact

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Célia M. D. Sales ◽  
Filipa Martins ◽  
Marisa M. Alves ◽  
Sara Carletto ◽  
Sonia Conejo-Cerón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young People ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Public Involvement ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Patient And Public Involvement ◽  
Mental Health Research ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Meta Analyses

Various health settings have advocated for involving patients and members of the public (PPI) in research as a means to increase quality and relevance of the produced knowledge. However, youth PPI has been an understudied area. This protocol paper describes a new project that aims to summarize what is known about PPI with young people in mental health research. In line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement guidelines we will identify and appraise suitable articles and extract and synthesize relevant information including at least two reviewers at each stage of the process. Results will be presented in two systematic reviews that will describe (a) how youth PPI has been conducted (Review1) and (b) what impact youth PPI had on the subsequent research and on stakeholders (Review2). To our knowledge, this is the first set of reviews that uses a critical appraisal tool, which is co-developed with children and young people. Findings from this project will provide valuable insights and set out the key steps to adopting adequate PPI methods when involving children and young people in mental health research.

A hidden pandemic? An umbrella review of global evidence on mental health in the time of COVID-19

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlee Bower ◽  
Scarlett Smout ◽  
Amarina Donohoe-Bales ◽  
Lily Teesson ◽  
Eleisha Lauria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
General Population ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Meta Review ◽  
Meta Analyses

Introduction: Vast available international evidence has investigated the mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. This review aims to synthesise evidence, identifying populations and characteristics associated with poor mental health.Methods: A meta-review of pooled prevalence of anxiety and depression, with subgroup analyses for the general population, healthcare workers (HCW) and COVID-19 patients; and a meta-synthesis of systematic reviews to collate evidence on associated factors and further mental disorders. Databases searched included Scopus, Embase, PsycINFO, and MEDLINE dated to May 2021. Eligibility criteria included systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses, published post-November 2019, reporting data in English on mental health outcomes during the pandemic.Results: Eighty-one systematic reviews were included, 51 of which incorporated meta-analysis. Meta-review overall anxiety prevalence was 29% (95%CI: 27–31%, I2: 99.83%), with subgroup prevalence as 35% (95%CI: 23–47%, I2: 97.4%) in COVID-19 patients, 29% in HCW (95%CI: 25– 32, I2: 99.8%) and 28% in the general population (95%CI: 25–31%, I2: 99.9%). Meta-review overall depression prevalence was 28% (95%CI: 26–30%, I2: 99.7), with subgroup prevalence as 30% (95%CI: 7–60%, I2: 99.8%) in COVID-19 patients, 28% (95%CI: 25–31%, I2: 99.7%) in HCW and 27% (95%CI: 25–30, I2: 99.8%) in the general population. Meta-synthesis found many experienced psychological distress and PTSD/PTSS during COVID-19, but pooled prevalence ranged substantially. Fear of, proximity to, or confirmed COVID-19 infection; undergoing quarantine; and COVID-19-related news exposure were associated with adverse mental health outcomes. Amongst other factors, people who are younger, female, LGBTIQ, pregnant, parents or experiencing low social support, financial issues or socio-economic disadvantage, tended to have poorer mental health during the pandemic period.Conclusions: Despite high volumes of reviews, the diversity of findings and dearth of longitudinal studies within reviews means clear links between COVID-19 and mental health are not available, although existing evidence indicates probable associations.

The equifinality and multifinality of violent radicalization and mental health

2021 ◽  
pp. 125-136
Author(s):  
Paul Gill ◽  
Frank Farnham ◽  
Caitlin Clemmow
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Base Rate ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Do So

The relationship between violent radicalization and poor mental health is complex and multilayered. We use the principles of equifinality and multifinality to demonstrate this complexity. In terms of equifinality, we draw upon the existing evidence base to demonstrate that the end outcome of violent radicalization has many paths into it. Some individuals will be touched by different aspects related to poor mental health along this path. In terms of multifinality, we demonstrate trajectories to multiple outcomes originating from poor mental health problems, where violent radicalization is a low base rate outcome, of many. To do so, we draw on the evidence base from various systematic reviews and meta-analyses of other public/personal harms. We also draw upon illustrations of different individuals displaying similar symptoms/diagnoses and map the mechanisms through which their end outcome differed (e.g. because of exposure to different influences, opportunity, and so on).

Evidence-based practices in geriatric mental health care: an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses

2003 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 971-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J Bartels ◽  
Aricca R Dums ◽  
Thomas E Oxman ◽  
Lon S Schneider ◽  
Patricia A Areán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Evidence Based Practices ◽  
Geriatric Mental Health ◽  
Overview Of Systematic Reviews ◽  
Meta Analyses
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