scholarly journals The weeks before 100 persecutory delusions: the presence of many potential contributory causal factors

BJPsych Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Freeman ◽  
Anthony Morrison ◽  
Jessica C. Bird ◽  
Eleanor Chadwick ◽  
Emily Bold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Subjective Experiences ◽  
Persecutory Delusions ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Aberrant Salience

Background The period before the formation of a persecutory delusion may provide causal insights. Patient accounts are invaluable in informing this understanding. Aims To inform the understanding of delusion formation, we asked patients about the occurrence of potential causal factors – identified from a cognitive model – before delusion onset. Method A total of 100 patients with persecutory delusions completed a checklist about their subjective experiences in the weeks before belief onset. The checklist included items concerning worry, images, low self-esteem, poor sleep, mood dysregulation, dissociation, manic-type symptoms, aberrant salience, hallucinations, substance use and stressors. Time to reach certainty in the delusion was also assessed. Results Most commonly it took patients several months to reach delusion certainty (n = 30), although other patients took a few weeks (n = 24), years (n = 21), knew instantly (n = 17) or took a few days (n = 6). The most frequent experiences occurring before delusion onset were: low self-confidence (n = 84); excessive worry (n = 80); not feeling like normal self (n = 77); difficulties concentrating (n = 77); going over problems again and again (n = 75); being very negative about the self (n = 75); images of bad things happening (n = 75); and sleep problems (n = 75). The average number of experiences occurring was high (mean 23.5, s.d. = 8.7). The experiences clustered into six main types, with patients reporting an average of 5.4 (s.d. = 1.0) different types. Conclusions Patients report numerous different experiences in the period before full persecutory delusion onset that could be contributory causal factors, consistent with a complex multifactorial view of delusion occurrence. This study, however, relied on retrospective self-report and could not determine causality. Declaration of interest None.

Associations between different components of executive control in childhood and sleep problems in early adolescence: A longitudinal study

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (13-14) ◽  
pp. 2440-2452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cara C Tomaso ◽  
Jennifer Mize Nelson ◽  
Kimberly Andrews Espy ◽  
Timothy D Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Interference Suppression ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
The Impact

Research has examined the impact of poor sleep on executive control and related abilities, but the inverse relationship has received less attention. Youth completed objective executive control tasks in childhood ( N = 208; Mage = 10.03; 50.5% girls) and self-report measures of sleep–wake problems and daytime sleepiness in early adolescence ( Mage = 12.00). Poorer interference suppression and flexible shifting abilities both predicted sleep–wake problems, but response inhibition and working memory did not. For daytime sleepiness, interference suppression was the only significant predictor among executive control components. Socioeconomic status did not moderate any of these associations. Findings have implications for targeting specific executive control abilities in childhood to improve sleep outcomes later in development.

scholarly journals Sleep and Olfaction among Older Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Eloesa McSorley ◽  
Jayant Pinto ◽  
L. Philip Schumm ◽  
Kristen Wroblewski ◽  
David Kern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Odor Identification ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Wrist Actigraphy ◽  
Odor Sensitivity

Background: Sleep and olfaction are both critical physiological processes that tend to worsen with age. Decline in olfaction can be an early indicator of neurodegenerative diseases, whereas poor sleep quality is associated with reduced physical and mental health. Given associations with aging-related health declines, we explored whether variations in sleep were associated with olfactory function among older adults. Methods: We assessed the relationship between sleep characteristics and olfaction among 354 community-dwelling older adults. Olfaction was measured using a validated field and survey research tool. Sleep characteristics were measured using wrist actigraphy and with self-report of sleep problems. We fit structural equation models of latent constructs of olfaction based on olfactory task items and let this be a function of each sleep characteristic. Results: Actigraph sleep quality measures were associated with odor identification, but not with odor sensitivity. Longer duration sleepers had worse odor sensitivity compared to medium (58 h) sleepers, but sleep duration was not associated with odor identification. Reported sleep problems and reported usual duration were not associated with olfaction. Conclusions: Diminished sleep quality was associated with reduced capacity to identify odors. Determining whether this is a causal association will require further study and longitudinal data.

scholarly journals Fatigue in primary biliary cirrhosis

Gut ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 705-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Cauch-Dudek ◽  
S Abbey ◽  
D E Stewart ◽  
E J Heathcote
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Biliary Cirrhosis ◽  
Duration Of Disease ◽  
Fatigue Severity

Background—Fatigue is a frequent and debilitating symptom in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC).Aims—To study fatigue in relation to sleep, depression, and liver disease severity.Methods—Patients with PBC completed validated self report questionnaires measuring fatigue, sleep quality, depression, and functional capacity. Verbally reported fatigue and observer rated measure of depression and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) use were recorded. Liver biochemistry and tests to rule out metabolic causes of fatigue were performed.Results—Mean age of the 88 patients enrolled was 57 years; 86% were female and mean duration of disease was 6.6 years. Median bilirubin was 13 μmol/l (mean 18.6). Verbally reported fatigue (for more than six months) was present in 60 patients (68%). The self rated Fatigue Severity Score (FSS) correlated well with verbally reported fatigue (p=0.0001). The FSS did not correlate with age, duration of disease, serum bilirubin, Mayo Risk Score, or UDCA use, but correlation was seen with sleep quality. Fatigued patients had more sleep problems and higher depression scores than non-fatigued patients. Self rated depression was present in 28% (17/60) of fatigued compared with 4% (1/28) of non-fatigued patients.Conclusions—Long term fatigue affected 68% of the patients with PBC but it was not related to the severity of their liver disease. Poor sleep quality and depression were commonly associated with fatigue.

scholarly journals Psychometric properties of the Sleep Hygiene Index in a large Italian community sample.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Zagaria ◽  
Andrea Ballesio ◽  
Alessandro Musetti ◽  
Vittorio Lenzo ◽  
Maria C. Quattropani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Emotional Distress ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Sleep Hygiene ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Emotional Symptoms

Objective/Background: Poor sleep hygiene is considered an exacerbating and perpetuating factor of sleep disturbances and is also associated with poor mental health. The Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI) is a self-report measure assessing adherence to sleep hygiene practices. The aim of this study was to estimate the psychometric properties of the SHI in an Italian representative sample of the general population, following a formative measurement approach. Patients/Methods: Participants (n=6276; M=33.62, SD=13.45) completed the SHI alongside measures of sleep disturbance, depression, anxiety, and stress. To consider the item formative nature, sets of item-composites weighted by means of canonical correlation analysis was created and a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was implemented. Factorial invariance tests were computed considering both presence of sleep problems and presence of emotional distress symptoms as grouping variables. Results and Conclusions: CFA confirmed the unidimensional structure of SHI. Internal consistency was acceptable (ω=0.752). Test-retest reliability at 8-10 months presented an ICC of 0.666. SHI significantly correlated with sleep, depression, anxiety and stress symptoms (r range from 0.358 to 0.500). Configural and metric invariance were reached for both grouping variables. Partial scalar invariance was obtained only across emotional distress groups. People with emotional symptoms reported higher latent means on the sleep hygiene dimension. Findings support the validity and reliability of the Italian version of the SHI. Importantly, the SHI showed robust psychometric properties both in healthy individuals and in individual reporting mental health symptoms. Thus, it is advisable to use this version of the SHI in both research and clinical practice.

scholarly journals Associations between sleep problems and ADHD symptoms among adolescents: findings from the Shandong Adolescent Behavior and Health Cohort (SABHC)

SLEEP ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianchen Liu ◽  
Zhen-Zhen Liu ◽  
Bao-Peng Liu ◽  
Shi-Hua Sun ◽  
Cun-Xian Jia
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Adolescent Behavior ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Short Sleep Duration ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Abstract Study Objectives Sleep problems and symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adolescence are common. Little is known about the prospective the prospective associations between sleep and subsequent ADHD symptoms in adolescents. This study examined the prospective associations between sleep problems and subsequent ADHD symptoms in a large sample of adolescents. Methods Participants included 7072 adolescents from the Shandong Adolescent Behavior and Health Cohort (SABHC) study in Shandong, China. Participants were initially assessed in November–December of 2015 and were reassessed 1-year later in 2016. Sleep duration, sleep problems, and psychosocial information were collected using a structured questionnaire. ADHD symptoms were measured by the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist-Youth Self-Report. Results At baseline, 7.6% participants had clinically relevant ADHD symptoms, which were highly comorbid with sleep problems including insomnia symptoms, poor sleep quality, symptoms of restless legs syndrome (RLS), frequent snoring, and short sleep duration. Of the 6531 participants without clinically relevant ADHD symptoms at baseline, 4.5% reported clinically relevant ADHD symptoms at 1-year follow-up. After adolescent and family covariates were adjusted for, insomnia (OR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.45–3.02), RLS (OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.02–2.11), and frequent snoring (OR = 2.30, 95% CI = 1.36–3.90) were all significantly associated with subsequent ADHD symptoms. Conclusion ADHD symptoms and sleep problems are highly comorbid. Insomnia, RLS and frequent snoring appear to be significant predictors of subsequent ADHD symptoms. Our study highlights the importance of assessing and managing sleep problems for prevention and clinical treatment of ADHD symptoms in adolescence.

scholarly journals Dietary and Activity Factors Influence Poor Sleep and the Sleep-Obesity Nexus among Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget Morrissey ◽  
Steven Allender ◽  
Claudia Strugnell
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Behavioral Factors

Background: Behavioral factors such as physical activity, sedentary behavior and diet have previously been found to be key modifiable determinants of childhood overweight and obesity, yet require further investigation to provide an understanding of their potential influence on sleep outcomes along with the sleep-obesity nexus. Methods: The study included 2253 students (ages 8.8–13.5) from two monitoring studies across regional Victoria. Students completed a self-report electronic questionnaire on demographic characteristics, health behaviors (including sleep, physical activity, screen time and diet) and well-being, and were invited to have anthropometric measurements (height and weight) taken. Regression models were used to assess the associations between sleep, behavioral factors and BMI z-scores. Results: Screen time (particularly in bed) and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption were shown to increase the likelihood of having more than three sleep problems, while physical activity and other dietary factors were not. After controlling for these behaviors, significance remained for having two or more than three sleep problems and an increased odds of overweight/obesity. Conclusions: This study highlights how the usage of screen devices and SSB consumption behaviors might influence children’s weight status via the sleep-obesity nexus.

scholarly journals T114. THE CAUSAL DYNAMICS OF PARANOIA IN PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA: A THEORY DRIVEN NETWORK ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S274-S274
Author(s):  
Jessica Bird ◽  
Robin Evans ◽  
Kathryn M Taylor ◽  
Andrew Molodynski ◽  
Felicity Waite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Directed Acyclic Graphs ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Persecutory Delusions ◽  
Causal Pathways ◽  
Acyclic Graphs ◽  
Network Approaches ◽  
Analytic Reasoning

Abstract Background A cognitive account identifies six key psychological maintenance factors for persecutory delusions. However, a complex system of causation is likely where these factors interact in their influence on paranoid ideas. We set out to evaluate the causal dynamics of paranoia with theory-driven network approaches. Methods 1809 patients with non-affective psychosis attending UK mental health services completed assessments of paranoia, hallucinations, insomnia, self-esteem, worry, anxious avoidance, analytic reasoning, and psychological well-being. To assess causal patterns, we estimated, first, an undirected partial correlation network and then, second, adopted a Bayesian approach with Directed Acyclic Graphs to discover the directed causal pathways best supported by the data. Results The networks showed that with all other variables controlled, paranoia had direct causal interactions with hallucinations, negative self-beliefs, insomnia, worry, and avoidance. Hallucinations and negative self-beliefs were most directly linked to paranoia, whereas indirect paths had prominent influences on the causal effects for insomnia, worry, and avoidance. The direction of these interactions was uncertain, but negative self-beliefs and insomnia were more likely to influence paranoia than vice versa. Self-report reasoning was likely unrelated to paranoia once other factors were controlled. Causal factors were highly interconnected, with insomnia, negative self-beliefs, avoidance, and worry most directly linked to other variables. Most interactions were likely reciprocal, except for hallucinations which were unlikely to influence other variables and significantly caused by insomnia and avoidance. Discussion The findings are consistent with a complex system of interacting causation in the maintenance of paranoia. The patterns observed support the cognitive model of persecutory delusions, highlighting multiple pathways of causal interaction between paranoia and theoretically important factors. Interventions directly targeting these factors are likely to lead to multiple benefits, alleviating paranoia both directly and indirectly through connections with other causally related symptoms.

scholarly journals Risk Perception, Perception of Collective Efficacy and Sleep Quality in Chinese Adults During COVID-19 Pandemic in Hong Kong: A Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiang-Yi Lin ◽  
Kevin Kien Hoa Chung
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Poor Sleep Quality ◽  
Risk Appraisals ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Only few studies have studied the link between risk perception and sleep in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigates the effect of two distinct risk appraisals—risk perception and perception of collective coordinated defense (PCCD) on Chinese adults’ sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic, and tested COVID-19-related fear and rumination as potential mediators of the relationships. Methods: Data were collected using a self-report online questionnaire from a sample of 224 Chinese adults during the fourth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong. Results: COVID-19 risk perception and PCCD were related to poor sleep quality. Mediation analysis showed that both fear and rumination mediated the relationship between risk perception and sleep quality, whereas only fear mediated the relationship between PCCD and sleep quality. The model showed an excellent fit to the data and accounted for 44% of the variance in sleep quality in Chinese adults. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the distinct perceptual processes—risk appraisals in particular—contributed to poor sleep quality in Chinese adults during the COVID-19 public emergencies. These findings would be helpful for policy makers to address the sleep problems induced by psychological consequences of the pandemic.

scholarly journals Characteristics of sleep disorders in Romanian adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-131
Author(s):  
Manuela Arbune ◽  
Irina-Magdalena Dumitru ◽  
Mariana Cretu-Stuparu
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Sleep Questionnaire ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

AbstractSleep disorders commonly occur in chronic diseases and are a great impairment on the quality of life. The current study aims to characterize the sleep problems of a group of Romanian HIV positive patients. A cross sectional study assessed sleep disorders by a series of self-report questionnaires: STOP-BANG, Epworth Sleep Questionnaire and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Demographic data, antiretroviral therapy, Lymphocytes CD4 levels were collected from medical records. Exclusion criteria were illiteracy, severe neurocognitive dysfunction and depression. We included 102 patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus, age between 22 and 50, sex ratio M/F=1.17. Reported conditions related to sleep disorders were: smoking (50%), hypertension (18%), obesity (6%) and snoring (7%). The STOP-BANG scale indicated 19% intermediate risk and 2% high risk of sleep apnea. According to Epworth score, daytime sleepiness was found in 18% of patients, 2% of them were dangerously sleepy. The average global score of Pittsburg Sleep Questionnaire is indicative of poor sleep quality in 42% cases. No correlation of sleep scores with antiretroviral regimens was found. Sleep problems with negative impact on daily functioning are frequent under age 50, in patients with human immunodeficiency virus. The management of chronic co-morbidities and psychological support should improve sleep disorders related to human immunodeficiency virus.

scholarly journals Poor sleep is associated with CSF biomarkers of amyloid pathology in cognitively normal adults

Neurology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 445-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate E. Sprecher ◽  
Rebecca L. Koscik ◽  
Cynthia M. Carlsson ◽  
Henrik Zetterberg ◽  
Kaj Blennow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Csf Biomarkers ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Subjective Sleep Quality ◽  
Parental History ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
T Tau ◽  
The Relationship

Objective:To determine the relationship between sleep quality and CSF markers of Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology in late midlife.Methods:We investigated the relationship between sleep quality and CSF AD biomarkers in a cohort enriched for parental history of sporadic AD, the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention. A total of 101 participants (mean age 62.9 ± 6.2 years, 65.3% female) completed sleep assessments and CSF collection and were cognitively normal. Sleep quality was measured with the Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Scale. CSF was assayed for biomarkers of amyloid metabolism and plaques (β-amyloid 42 [Aβ42]), tau pathology (phosphorylated tau [p-tau] 181), neuronal/axonal degeneration (total tau [t-tau], neurofilament light [NFL]), neuroinflammation/astroglial activation (monocyte chemoattractant protein–1 [MCP-1], chitinase-3-like protein 1 [YKL-40]), and synaptic dysfunction/degeneration (neurogranin). To adjust for individual differences in total amyloid production, Aβ42 was expressed relative to Aβ40. To assess cumulative pathology, CSF biomarkers were expressed in ratio to Aβ42. Relationships among sleep scores and CSF biomarkers were assessed with multiple regression, controlling for age, sex, time between sleep and CSF measurements, and CSF assay batch.Results:Worse subjective sleep quality, more sleep problems, and daytime somnolence were associated with greater AD pathology, indicated by lower CSF Aβ42/Aβ40 and higher t-tau/Aβ42, p-tau/Aβ42, MCP-1/Aβ42, and YKL-40/Aβ42. There were no significant associations between sleep and NFL or neurogranin.Conclusions:Self-report of poor sleep was associated with greater AD-related pathology in cognitively healthy adults at risk for AD. Effective strategies exist for improving sleep; therefore sleep health may be a tractable target for early intervention to attenuate AD pathogenesis.

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