scholarly journals Prevalence of adult sexual abuse in men with mental illness: Bayesian meta-analysis

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Zarchev ◽  
Roos E. Ruijne ◽  
Cornelis L. Mulder ◽  
Astrid M. Kamperman
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Credibility Interval ◽  
Male Victims ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Adult Sexual Abuse

Background Sexual abuse is a broad category of traumatic experiences that includes rape and any unwanted sexual contact with a body part or foreign object, whether penetrative, oral or otherwise. Although patients with mental illness have a higher risk of becoming victims of sexual abuse in adulthood, few studies investigate the proportion of male victims in this population. Their underrepresentation in research is a barrier to understanding the negative outcomes associated with sexual abuse in men. Aims We estimated the prevalence of recent (past year) and adulthood sexual abuse perpetrated by any perpetrator and separately by intimate partners in males diagnosed with a mental illness. Method To model the prevalences and heterogeneity arising from reports, we used Bayesian multilevel models. Prevalences were estimated for mixed-diagnosis, substance misuse, intellectual disability and post-traumatic stress disorder samples, and studies reporting specifically on intimate partner violence. This review was registered through PROSPERO (CRD42020169299) Results Estimated adult sexual abuse was 5.3% (95% Credibility Interval 1.6–12.8%) for past-year abuse and 14.1% (95% Credibility Interval 7.3–22.4%) for abuse in adulthood. There was considerable heterogeneity of prevalence between studies and diagnosis groups. Conclusions Our analyses show that the prevalence of sexual abuse of males diagnosed with a mental illness was much higher than for men in the general population. This has important implications regarding the proportion of undetected or untreated sexually abused men in clinical practice.

Prevalence of sexual abuse in men with mental illness: a Bayesian meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Zarchev
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Sexually Abused ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Male Victims

BackgroundPatients suffering from mental illness (MI) have a higher risk of being victims of sexual abuse, yet few studies investigate the proportion of male victims in this population. This underrepresentation in research is a barrier in understanding the negative outcomes associated with sexual abuse in men. AimsWe aim to estimate the prevalence of sexual abuse in male MI patients, both for recent (past year) and lifetime abuse. MethodsIn order to model the prevalences and heterogeneity arising from reports, we use Bayesian random-effects estimation, along with additional meta-regression analyses to investigate differences in results arising from the design choices used by individual studies. We estimate separate prevalences for mixed-diagnosis samples, substance abuse samples and samples reporting specifically on intimate partner violence in MI patients.ResultsVictimisation rates were estimated to be high across all samples. Lifetime victimisation for mixed-diagnosis samples was estimated at 21%, for substance abuse samples 13%, and for mixed-diagnosis samples reporting on intimate partner violence at 5%. Past year victimisation for mixed-diagnosis samples was 4%. Considerable heterogeneity was present across all study groups, particularly so for the substance abuse sample.DiscussionSexual abuse prevalence in MI samples was found to be much higher than for men in the general population (1-7%). These results provide important implications about the proportion of undetected or untreated sexually abused men there are in clinical practice.

“This Society Ignores Our Victimization”: Understanding the Experiences of Korean Male Victims of Intimate Partner Violence

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626051990096
Author(s):  
Sihyun Park ◽  
Su-Hyang Bang ◽  
Jaehee Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Male Victims ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Korean Society ◽  
Female Perpetration ◽  
Physical Injuries ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Male To Female

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is defined as physical, psychological, and sexual violence that occurs in an intimate relationship. For the victims, it often leads to devastating consequences such as physical injuries and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Research on IPV has been extensively conducted for several decades. However, most studies have focused on male-to-female perpetration, and men’s victimization has been relatively neglected. This study aims to explore men’s IPV experiences within the context of Korean society, which is characterized by strong gender norms that may impede efforts to understand how men are victimized. Eleven Korean male IPV victims participated in semi-structured phone or in-person interviews lasting 1 to 2 hr, all of which were audio-recorded and transcribed. The transcriptions were qualitatively analyzed using a phenomenological method suggested by Giorgi. In total, six themes were revealed in the data: (a) living with violence, (b) enduring the violent relationship, (c) feeling helpless, (d) ending the relationship, (e) suffering from trauma, and (f) perceiving male victimization in society. Our findings are meaningful in terms of demonstrating how masculinity in one society can shape the thoughts, emotions, reactions, and behaviors of male victims. These findings can be used to tailor outreach efforts and interventions to the unique experiences of Korean men.

Intimacy after Intimate Partner Violence

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
April Gerlock ◽  
Glenna Tinney
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Basic Aspect ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Ipv Perpetration ◽  
The Common

Military service provides many opportunities but also may result in experiences that are highly stressful to Service members or military veterans and their families. This chapter explores the intersection of the common conditions of post-traumatic stress disorder, traumatic brain injury, substance misuse, and intimate partner violence (IPV). It discusses how these conditions impact intimacy and health and also compound elements of risk and danger within the couple relationship. Included are narratives from veterans and their wives or partners about how these conditions affect things such as taking medications and keeping medical appointments to feeling safe with each other. The importance of conducting screening and assessment for IPV perpetration and victimization and how IPV impacts these co-occurring conditions and vice versa, are also addressed. IPV impacts intimacy from the most basic aspect of feeling safe with each other, to talking about highly distressing traumatic experiences, to sharing physical closeness.

scholarly journals A culturally adapted brief intervention for post-traumatic stress disorder in people with severe mental illness in Botswana: protocol for a randomised feasibility trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keneilwe Molebatsi ◽  
Lauren C. Ng ◽  
Bonginkosi Chiliza
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Brief Intervention ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Culturally Adapted ◽  
Post Traumatic

Abstract Background Research consistently reports elevated rates of exposure to traumatic events and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with severe mental illness (SMI). PTSD may be adequately managed with psychotherapy; however, there is a gap when it comes to management in culturally diverse settings like Botswana. This paper describes a study protocol whose aim is to culturally adapt the BREATHE intervention, a brief psychological intervention for people living with comorbid PTSD and SMI that was developed and tested in the USA; assess the feasibility and acceptability of the adapted BREATHE intervention and explore its efficacy. Methods The study will be conducted in three phases using a mixed methods approach. The first phase will identify and describe the most common traumatic experiences and responses to traumatic experiences, amongst patients with SMI, and patients’ and mental health care providers’ perceptions about suitable PTSD interventions for Botswana. The second phase will entail cultural adaption of the intervention using findings from phase 1, and the third phase will be a pilot trial to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the culturally adapted intervention and explore its efficacy. Quantitative and qualitative data will be analysed using basic descriptive statistics and thematic analysis, respectively. Discussion Literature highlights cultural variations in the expression and management of mental illness suggesting the need for culturally adapted interventions. The findings of this feasibility study will be used to inform the design of a larger trial to assess the efficacy of an adapted brief intervention for PTSD in patients with SMI in Botswana. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov registration: NCT04426448. Date of registration: June 7, 2020.

The Role of Gender in Violence Experienced by Adults With Developmental Disabilities

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Platt ◽  
Laurie Powers ◽  
Sandra Leotti ◽  
Rosemary B. Hughes ◽  
Susan Robinson-Whelen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Adult Sexual Abuse

Violence against people with developmental disabilities is a highly prevalent yet understudied phenomenon. In particular, there is a paucity of literature surrounding the role of gender and the experiences of men. Using a cross-sectional study design, we surveyed 350 people with diverse developmental disabilities about experiences of abuse, perpetrators of abuse, and their physical and mental health status. These data were analyzed to determine whether gender influenced these domains. Statistical methods included chi-square, independent t tests, logistic regression, and hierarchical multiple regressions. Male and female participants reported abuse at high rates, with 61.9% of men and 58.2% of women reporting abuse as children and 63.7% of men and 68.2% of women reporting abuse as adults. More women than men reported adult sexual abuse, but there was no gender difference in the prevalence of any other form of abuse. Women were more likely than men to identify an intimate partner as their abuser, although intimate partners represented the minority of abusers for both men and women. Violence was associated with worse health status regardless of participant gender. These findings confirm that violence is an important issue for both men and women with developmental disabilities. Although some expected gender differences arose, such as higher rates of adult sexual abuse and intimate partner violence against women, these differences were less pronounced than they are in the general population, and the overall picture of abuse was one of gender similarities rather than differences.

scholarly journals Sexual Victimization and Mental Illness Prevalence Rates Among Incarcerated Women: A Literature Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie E. Karlsson ◽  
Melissa J. Zielinski
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Sexual Victimization ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Incarcerated Women ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress

Incarcerated women evidence high rates of both interpersonal trauma and mental illness. In particular, the rates of sexual violence victimization are so high that some researchers have suggested that sexual abuse may be a pathway to prison for women, likely through the development of mental illness, including substance abuse. This review article summarizes the literature on sexual victimization ( n = 32 articles; 28 independent studies) and mental illness ( n = 11 articles; 8 independent studies) prevalence among samples of incarcerated women ( Ns ≥ 100) in context of methodological choices within included articles. Best estimates for sexual victimization from studies using established survey methods were as follows: 50–66% for child sexual abuse, 28–68% for adult sexual abuse, and 56–82% for lifetime sexual assault. Although data directly comparing prevalence of sexual victimization among incarcerated women to prevalence for other groups are limited, the existing data indicate that incarcerated women have significantly greater exposure than incarcerated men and community samples of women. Moreover, compared to findings from the National Comorbidity Survey-Replication, incarcerated women evidence greater prevalence of most lifetime and current mental illnesses, especially depressive disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, and substance use disorders. Surprisingly, only two independent studies have investigated the overlap between sexual victimization and mental illness in samples of incarcerated women. Both studies found disproportionally high rates of mental illness among victims of sexual violence. Suggestions and implications for research, policy, and practice are discussed.

Intimate Partner Violence in Male Survivors of Child Maltreatment: A Meta-Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natacha Godbout ◽  
Marie-Pier Vaillancourt-Morel ◽  
Noémie Bigras ◽  
John Briere ◽  
Martine Hébert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Male Victims ◽  
Male Survivors

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major public health concern. Yet, despite an increasingly extensive literature on interpersonal violence, research on male victims of IPV remains sparse and the associations between different forms of child maltreatment (CM) and IPV victimization and perpetration in men remains unclear. The present meta-analysis evaluated five different forms of CM (sexual, physical, and psychological abuses, neglect, and witnessing IPV) as they predicted sexual, psychological, and physical IPV perpetration and victimization in men. Overall, most available studies examined men as perpetrators of IPV, whereas studies of victimization in men were relatively scarce. Results reveal an overall significant association ( r = .19) between CM and IPV. The magnitude of this effect did not vary as a function of type (perpetration vs. victimization) or form (sexual, psychological, or physical) of IPV. Although all forms of CM were related to IPV, with effect sizes ranging from .05 (neglect and IPV victimization) to .26 (psychological abuse and IPV victimization), these associations varied in magnitude according to the type of CM. Findings suggest the importance of expanding research on CM and IPV to include a range of different kinds of abuse and neglect and to raise concerns about the experience of men as both victims and perpetrators of IPV.

The Effect of Trauma on Religious Beliefs: A Structured Literature Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darius Leo ◽  
Zahra Izadikhah ◽  
Erich C. Fein ◽  
Sayedhabibollah Ahmadi Forooshani
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Shattered Assumptions ◽  
Structured Literature Review

Introduction: Empirical research has shown that religious beliefs support people recovering from traumatic experiences. However, there is relatively little research on the inversion of this dynamic, the way that trauma changes a person’s religious beliefs. The authors of this article conducted a structured literature review and meta-analysis of published quantitative and qualitative literature related to the effects of interpersonal trauma on religious beliefs in adults. Their aims were to determine whether religious beliefs act as cognitive schemas, to support or reject the “shattered assumptions” hypothesis, and to assess whether post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms have an additive effect on changing beliefs. Method: Five academic databases were searched using permutations of the key words: Religion, Trauma, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The resulting references were compared to predetermined inclusion/exclusion criteria, and the reference lists of these papers were also searched for additional matches. Included papers were then subjected to a meta-analysis. Results: Five quantitative, two qualitative, and two mixed-methodologies papers were matched. Aggravated analyzes confirmed the hypothesized effect ( r = .19, p < .05). Conclusions: The reviewed literature suggests that most people do not change their religious beliefs after a trauma but significant changes occur for a smaller proportion of people—either increasing or decreasing their religious beliefs. These effects are greatest for people who develop PTSD. This review supports the shattered assumptions hypothesis of Janoff-Bulman, explains the cognitive mechanisms of change, and proposes a model for the additive effects of PTSD.

The Effects of Similarity Versus Dissimilarity of Spouses' Traumatic Childhood Events on Psychological Well-Being and Marital Quality

2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 737-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Lev-Wiesel ◽  
Marianne Amir
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Marital Quality ◽  
Sexually Abused ◽  
Adult Survivors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Child Survivors ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Holocaust Child Survivors

This study compared spouses who had experienced similar versus different childhood trauma in terms of post-traumatic symptomatology, psychological symptoms of distress, and marital quality. The sample comprised two groups: Holocaust child survivors who were sexually abused during the Holocaust and are married to Holocaust child survivors ( n = 44) who were also sexually abused, and adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse married to nonsurvivors of sexual abuse ( n = 43). All participants were administered the post-traumatic stress disorder, Symptom Checklist 90-Revised, and Enrich Scale for Marital Quality questionnaires. The results revealed that compared with survivors married to partners with different past traumatic experiences, survivors who shared similar past traumatic experiences with their spouses had higher levels of PTSD, anxiety, depression, somatization, phobic-anxiety, and hostility but also expressed greater levels of marital quality.

scholarly journals Do educational interventions stop dating violence?

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-213
Author(s):  
Vishal Bhavsar
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Statistical Effect ◽  
Post Traumatic

SUMMARYViolence is a critical challenge for society and it disproportionately affects young people. Violence experienced in an intimate relationship is associated with attempted suicide, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder, as well as poorer physical health. Interventions to limit intimate partner violence, especially in adolescents and young people, are a priority. This commentary examines a systematic review and meta-analysis of educational interventions for relationship and dating violence in young people aged 12–25 years. Random-effects meta-analysis revealed a small statistical effect on knowledge, but no statistical associations with reduced violence. None of the included studies assessed health outcomes. The reviewers recommend further investigation of educational interventions in low- and middle-income settings, and studies with longer follow-up.DECLARATION OF INTERESTNone.

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