Industrial Units in Psychiatric Hospitals

1965 ◽  
Vol 111 (481) ◽  
pp. 1205-1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Kidd
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
The United States ◽  
Financial Reward ◽  
The Past ◽  
Economic Satisfaction ◽  
American Interest ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Work Done

The recent development of industrial therapy (Early 1960 and 1963; Wadsworth 1958, 1961, 1962 and Smith 1963) in British mental hospitals reflects our current therapeutic optimism and takes advantage of a period of full employment in industry. Industrial therapy has been found to be an important weapon in the prevention or cure of institutional neurosis (Barton 1959). It is, of course, well known that during the past two decades institutional neurosis has been markedly reduced by a more permissive and non-authoritarian approach to patients, including amongst other things greater freedom, more enlightened nursing and the use of group techniques and occupational therapy in various forms. However, if patients are to be rehabilitated and the best use made of their personality resources, their lives within the hospital should be as close as possible to normal life in the community, and it follows that like normal citizens they should be employed at productive, useful and satisfying work for which they should receive proper economic rewards. This work may be in a factory setting, but need not exclude in some circumstances work in certain hospital departments. However, in order to prevent confusion the term industrial therapy should only be used when “patients are employed in factory-type work under medical and nursing supervision which aims at their rehabilitation and/or resettlement, the nature of the work being related to the needs of the individual patient, giving him both psychological and economic satisfaction”. It appears that in the United States the traditional employment of patients in hospital departments without pay (except token payments in kind) is now being called industrial therapy; it is likely, however that American interest in the totally different British concept of industrial therapy will lead there to a change in approach. It should, therefore, be stressed that an integral part of industrial therapy is financial reward for work done according to ability, motivation and production. Thus “economic satisfaction” is an essential part of any definition.

The Intersection of Patient Safety and Nursing Research

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
Patricia H. Walker ◽  
Gaya Carlton ◽  
Lela Holden ◽  
Patricia W. Stone
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Patient Safety ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Safety Issue ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Past ◽  
Safety Research ◽  
Federal Response ◽  
Patient Safety Issue ◽  
The Individual

The individual and collective discussions of the patient safety issue in the United States have mounted from a low roar to a deafening din in the past 10 years. In this chapter the authors (1) discuss the context of patient safety over the past decade and the federal response to the problem, (2) briefly present Reason’s theory of human error, which frames much of the safety research, and (3) provide a glossary of terms.

The Research Liaison Committee of the (American) African Studies Association

1967 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-133
Author(s):  
Shirley K. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
African Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
National Group ◽  
Liaison Committee ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Individual

Scholars from the United States constitute the largest single national group engaged in African research. The responsibility for establishing friendly relations with their colleagues in Africa has, in the past, been assumed by the individual scholar. It has become increasingly apparent that co-operation with Africanists in Africa itself will be of the greatest importance to future research, and that the A.S.A. can play a useful liaison role.

The Research Liaison Committee: A New Service to the Africanist Community

1967 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 57-59
Author(s):  
Miss Shirley K. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
The United States ◽  
African Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Liaison Committee ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Exploratory Mission

The Research Liaison Committee was established under the auspices of the African Studies Association. It is supported by a Ford Foundation grant following the Ford-sponsored ASA exploratory mission to Africa. This mission examined opportunities for new ways in which to increase cooperation between U.S. scholars concerned with Africa and individuals and academic institutions based in Africa. Scholars from the United States constitute the largest single national group engaged in African research. In the past the responsibility for establishing friendly relations with our colleagues in Africa has been assumed by the individual scholar. However, it becomes increasingly apparent that cooperation with Africanists in Africa itself will be of the greatest importance to future research, and that the Association can play a useful liaison role in establishing this cooperation. To facilitate communication, the Research Liaison Committee is collecting information and identifying sources of information for scholars and students proposing research in African Studies. The Committee has established an office in New York at the same address as the Association's offices and under the direction of William O. Brown, with Shirley K. Fischer as Administrative Secretary. Its objectives are first, to develop and strengthen relations among scholars concerned with Africa; and second, to maintain liaison with research institutions in Africa through visits to Africa by members of the Committee.

A Method of Using Mechanical Sorting and Tabulating for the Preparation and Issue of Bonus Intimations

1929 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-268
Author(s):  
James Davie ◽  
D. A. B. Scrimgeour
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ordinary Life ◽  
Valuation Methods ◽  
The Past ◽  
Life Assurance ◽  
Mechanical Methods ◽  
The Individual

The problem of reduction of the work involved in life assurance valuation has long engaged the attention of the actuarial profession. The Z method, Karup's method, and the various short valuation methods have resulted in reduction of the groupings necessary for valuation. There still remains, however, summation of the sums assured, bonuses, premiums, net premiums, Z's etc. etc. of the individual cases forming these groups, and to expedite this work we may have recourse to mechanical methods of sorting and tabulating.These methods have been employed for many years by Life Assurance Offices in the United States and by the large Industrial Offices in this country, but it is only within the past few years that ordinary Life Offices here have begun to adopt them. The number of ordinary Life Offices in this country making use of mechanical methods of sorting and tabulating is still, however, small.

International Research and Variation in Views of Ethnicity

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Ella Inglebret ◽  
Amy Skinder-Meredith ◽  
Shana Bailey ◽  
Carla Jones ◽  
Ashley France
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Classification System ◽  
International Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
The Past ◽  
International Scale ◽  
Publication Patterns

The authors in this article first identify the extent to which research articles published in three American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) journals included participants, age birth to 18 years, from international backgrounds (i.e., residence outside of the United States), and go on to describe associated publication patterns over the past 12 years. These patterns then provide a context for examining variation in the conceptualization of ethnicity on an international scale. Further, the authors examine terminology and categories used by 11 countries where research participants resided. Each country uses a unique classification system. Thus, it can be expected that descriptions of the ethnic characteristics of international participants involved in research published in ASHA journal articles will widely vary.

Proportion of Individuals With Past-Year Suicidal Ideation Who Attempted Suicide Over the Past 10 Years in the United States, and the Influence of Age and Sex

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Shannon Lange ◽  
Courtney Bagge ◽  
Charlotte Probst ◽  
Jürgen Rehm
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
The United States ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Age Category

Abstract. Background: In recent years, the rate of death by suicide has been increasing disproportionately among females and young adults in the United States. Presumably this trend has been mirrored by the proportion of individuals with suicidal ideation who attempted suicide. Aim: We aimed to investigate whether the proportion of individuals in the United States with suicidal ideation who attempted suicide differed by age and/or sex, and whether this proportion has increased over time. Method: Individual-level data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 2008–2017, were used to estimate the year-, age category-, and sex-specific proportion of individuals with past-year suicidal ideation who attempted suicide. We then determined whether this proportion differed by age category, sex, and across years using random-effects meta-regression. Overall, age category- and sex-specific proportions across survey years were estimated using random-effects meta-analyses. Results: Although the proportion was found to be significantly higher among females and those aged 18–25 years, it had not significantly increased over the past 10 years. Limitations: Data were self-reported and restricted to past-year suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Conclusion: The increase in the death by suicide rate in the United States over the past 10 years was not mirrored by the proportion of individuals with past-year suicidal ideation who attempted suicide during this period.

EDITORIAL: Migration and competitiveness: Japan and the United States

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
Philip L. Martin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
Key Sectors ◽  
Past Half

Japan and the United States, the world’s largest economies for most of the past half century, have very different immigration policies. Japan is the G7 economy most closed to immigrants, while the United States is the large economy most open to immigrants. Both Japan and the United States are debating how immigrants are and can con-tribute to the competitiveness of their economies in the 21st centuries. The papers in this special issue review the employment of and impacts of immigrants in some of the key sectors of the Japanese and US economies, including agriculture, health care, science and engineering, and construction and manufacturing. For example, in Japanese agriculture migrant trainees are a fixed cost to farmers during the three years they are in Japan, while US farmers who hire mostly unauthorized migrants hire and lay off workers as needed, making labour a variable cost.

‘A Routh O’ Auld Nick-Nackets’ – the antiquarian collection of John Rae

2015 ◽  
Vol 36-37 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-183
Author(s):  
Paul Taylor
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Moral Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Representative Case ◽  
National Museums ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University

John Rae, a Scottish antiquarian collector and spirit merchant, played a highly prominent role in the local natural history societies and exhibitions of nineteenth-century Aberdeen. While he modestly described his collection of archaeological lithics and other artefacts, principally drawn from Aberdeenshire but including some items from as far afield as the United States, as a mere ‘routh o’ auld nick-nackets' (abundance of old knick-knacks), a contemporary singled it out as ‘the best known in private hands' (Daily Free Press 4/5/91). After Rae's death, Glasgow Museums, National Museums Scotland, the University of Aberdeen Museum and the Pitt Rivers Museum in Oxford, as well as numerous individual private collectors, purchased items from the collection. Making use of historical and archive materials to explore the individual biography of Rae and his collection, this article examines how Rae's collecting and other antiquarian activities represent and mirror wider developments in both the ‘amateur’ antiquarianism carried out by Rae and his fellow collectors for reasons of self-improvement and moral education, and the ‘professional’ antiquarianism of the museums which purchased his artefacts. Considered in its wider nineteenth-century context, this is a representative case study of the early development of archaeology in the wider intellectual, scientific and social context of the era.

Democratic Legitimacy

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Rosanvallon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Democratic Legitimacy ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Constitutional Courts ◽  
International Debate ◽  
The Past ◽  
Democratic Authority ◽  
Original Contribution ◽  
Western Democracies

It's a commonplace occurrence that citizens in Western democracies are disaffected with their political leaders and traditional democratic institutions. But this book argues that this crisis of confidence is partly a crisis of understanding. The book makes the case that the sources of democratic legitimacy have shifted and multiplied over the past thirty years and that we need to comprehend and make better use of these new sources of legitimacy in order to strengthen our political self-belief and commitment to democracy. Drawing on examples from France and the United States, the book notes that there has been a major expansion of independent commissions, NGOs, regulatory authorities, and watchdogs in recent decades. At the same time, constitutional courts have become more willing and able to challenge legislatures. These institutional developments, which serve the democratic values of impartiality and reflexivity, have been accompanied by a new attentiveness to what the book calls the value of proximity, as governing structures have sought to find new spaces for minorities, the particular, and the local. To improve our democracies, we need to use these new sources of legitimacy more effectively and we need to incorporate them into our accounts of democratic government. This book is an original contribution to the vigorous international debate about democratic authority and legitimacy.

The Riddle of a Common History

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Tenorio-Trillo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
The United States ◽  
History Textbooks ◽  
Recent History ◽  
History Textbook ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
Constant Part ◽  
Intrinsic Component

By identifying two general issues in recent history textbook controversies worldwide (oblivion and inclusion), this article examines understandings of the United States in Mexico's history textbooks (especially those of 1992) as a means to test the limits of historical imagining between U. S. and Mexican historiographies. Drawing lessons from recent European and Indian historiographical debates, the article argues that many of the historical clashes between the nationalist historiographies of Mexico and the United States could be taught as series of unsolved enigmas, ironies, and contradictions in the midst of a central enigma: the persistence of two nationalist historiographies incapable of contemplating their common ground. The article maintains that lo mexicano has been a constant part of the past and present of the US, and lo gringo an intrinsic component of Mexico's history. The di erences in their historical tracks have been made into monumental ontological oppositions, which are in fact two tracks—often overlapping—of the same and shared con ictual and complex experience.

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