The Intersection of Patient Safety and Nursing Research

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
Patricia H. Walker ◽  
Gaya Carlton ◽  
Lela Holden ◽  
Patricia W. Stone
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Patient Safety ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Safety Issue ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Past ◽  
Safety Research ◽  
Federal Response ◽  
Patient Safety Issue ◽  
The Individual

The individual and collective discussions of the patient safety issue in the United States have mounted from a low roar to a deafening din in the past 10 years. In this chapter the authors (1) discuss the context of patient safety over the past decade and the federal response to the problem, (2) briefly present Reason’s theory of human error, which frames much of the safety research, and (3) provide a glossary of terms.

The Institute of Medicine's Report on Medical Error

2000 ◽  
Vol 124 (11) ◽  
pp. 1674-1678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald L. Sirota
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Patient Safety ◽  
Medical Error ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
The United States ◽  
Error Reduction ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
The Past ◽  
Reduction Strategies

Abstract Context.—During the past several years, more attention has been focused on the topics of medical error and patient safety than in the past. At the end of 1999, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) published a seminal report concerning medical error in the United States; this report will have sweeping implications for all disciplines of medicine, including pathology. Objective.—To review the major findings of the IOM report on medical error and to discuss their implications for the field of pathology. Methods.—Review of the IOM report on medical error and discussion of other relevant literature on medical error. Results.—The IOM report on medical error highlights an unacceptable rate of medical error in the United States and mandates a 50% reduction in medical error during the next 5 years. It recommends regulatory solutions to this problem, as well as organizational approaches to error reduction. It proposes both mandatory and voluntary systems for reporting of medical error. The report suggests that systems should be examined for latent flaws and that individual culpability for error should not be overemphasized. The report recommends that error-reduction strategies that have been applied to other industries should be studied and that known concepts of error reduction should be applied to medicine. Strategies that the IOM suggests can be applied to pathology. Conclusions.—Medical error occurs at an unacceptably high rate. Recommendations made in the IOM report on medical error and patient safety should be applied to the practice of pathology.

The Research Liaison Committee of the (American) African Studies Association

1967 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-133
Author(s):  
Shirley K. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
African Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
National Group ◽  
Liaison Committee ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Individual

Scholars from the United States constitute the largest single national group engaged in African research. The responsibility for establishing friendly relations with their colleagues in Africa has, in the past, been assumed by the individual scholar. It has become increasingly apparent that co-operation with Africanists in Africa itself will be of the greatest importance to future research, and that the A.S.A. can play a useful liaison role.

scholarly journals Policy Statement on Antimicrobial Stewardship by the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA), the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (PIDS)

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Fishman ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Safety Issue ◽  
The United States ◽  
Position Statement ◽  
Policy Statement ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Patient Safety Issue ◽  
Healthcare Epidemiology

Antimicrobial resistance has emerged as a significant healthcare quality and patient safety issue in the twenty-first century that, combined with a rapidly dwindling antimicrobial armamentarium, has resulted in a critical threat to the public health of the United States. Antimicrobial stewardship programs optimize antimicrobial use to achieve the best clinical outcomes while minimizing adverse events and limiting selective pressures that drive the emergence of resistance and may also reduce excessive costs attributable to suboptimal antimicrobial use. Therefore, antimicrobial stewardship must be a fiduciary responsibility for all healthcare institutions across the continuum of care. This position statement of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society of America outlines recommendations for the mandatory implementation of antimicrobial stewardship throughout health care, suggests process and outcome measures to monitor these interventions, and addresses deficiencies in education and research in this field as well as the lack of accurate data on antimicrobial use in the United States.

Industrial Units in Psychiatric Hospitals

1965 ◽  
Vol 111 (481) ◽  
pp. 1205-1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Kidd
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
The United States ◽  
Financial Reward ◽  
The Past ◽  
Economic Satisfaction ◽  
American Interest ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Work Done

The recent development of industrial therapy (Early 1960 and 1963; Wadsworth 1958, 1961, 1962 and Smith 1963) in British mental hospitals reflects our current therapeutic optimism and takes advantage of a period of full employment in industry. Industrial therapy has been found to be an important weapon in the prevention or cure of institutional neurosis (Barton 1959). It is, of course, well known that during the past two decades institutional neurosis has been markedly reduced by a more permissive and non-authoritarian approach to patients, including amongst other things greater freedom, more enlightened nursing and the use of group techniques and occupational therapy in various forms. However, if patients are to be rehabilitated and the best use made of their personality resources, their lives within the hospital should be as close as possible to normal life in the community, and it follows that like normal citizens they should be employed at productive, useful and satisfying work for which they should receive proper economic rewards. This work may be in a factory setting, but need not exclude in some circumstances work in certain hospital departments. However, in order to prevent confusion the term industrial therapy should only be used when “patients are employed in factory-type work under medical and nursing supervision which aims at their rehabilitation and/or resettlement, the nature of the work being related to the needs of the individual patient, giving him both psychological and economic satisfaction”. It appears that in the United States the traditional employment of patients in hospital departments without pay (except token payments in kind) is now being called industrial therapy; it is likely, however that American interest in the totally different British concept of industrial therapy will lead there to a change in approach. It should, therefore, be stressed that an integral part of industrial therapy is financial reward for work done according to ability, motivation and production. Thus “economic satisfaction” is an essential part of any definition.

scholarly journals Tides of change

2014 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-5
Author(s):  
Jouseph Barkho
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Patient Safety ◽  
Task Force ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medical Resident ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Duty Hours ◽  
The Past ◽  
Work Hour ◽  
Resident Duty

The paradigm of medical resident duty hours is currently undergoing vast changes, as research has demonstrated the negative effects of sleep deprivation on the wellbeing of both patients and residents alike. These changes began in the United States, where reduced work hour schedules for residents have been implemented within the past decade. However, the effectiveness of these changes has been debated in the literature. In Canada, this issue has only recently come into spotlight. Under the guidance of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, a task force was assembled in 2012 with two main objectives: gather all evidence related to resident duty hours, fatigue, and patient safety, and to create a national Canadian consensus on resident duty hours.

The Research Liaison Committee: A New Service to the Africanist Community

1967 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 57-59
Author(s):  
Miss Shirley K. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
The United States ◽  
African Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Liaison Committee ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Exploratory Mission

The Research Liaison Committee was established under the auspices of the African Studies Association. It is supported by a Ford Foundation grant following the Ford-sponsored ASA exploratory mission to Africa. This mission examined opportunities for new ways in which to increase cooperation between U.S. scholars concerned with Africa and individuals and academic institutions based in Africa. Scholars from the United States constitute the largest single national group engaged in African research. In the past the responsibility for establishing friendly relations with our colleagues in Africa has been assumed by the individual scholar. However, it becomes increasingly apparent that cooperation with Africanists in Africa itself will be of the greatest importance to future research, and that the Association can play a useful liaison role in establishing this cooperation. To facilitate communication, the Research Liaison Committee is collecting information and identifying sources of information for scholars and students proposing research in African Studies. The Committee has established an office in New York at the same address as the Association's offices and under the direction of William O. Brown, with Shirley K. Fischer as Administrative Secretary. Its objectives are first, to develop and strengthen relations among scholars concerned with Africa; and second, to maintain liaison with research institutions in Africa through visits to Africa by members of the Committee.

scholarly journals Employer-Sponsored Benefits in the United States: The Past, Present, and Future

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-42
Author(s):  
Gretchen V. Lester ◽  
Meagan E. Brock Baskin ◽  
Mary S. Clinton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Crisis ◽  
Department Of Labor ◽  
The Past ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Federal Response ◽  
First Time ◽  
And Training

In early 2020, the COVID-19 virus caused a global pandemic, threatening the lives and livelihoods of millions across the globe. As of this writing, 40 million Americans had filed first-time unemployment claims U.S. Department of Labor (2020, March 26). Employment and Training Administration. https://www.dol.gov/newsroom/releases/eta . The United States, with its historical reliance upon employers to cover many basic benefits, must overcome unique challenges in its recovery from this global crisis. In this article, we briefly describe the initial federal response; we then present the history of US benefits along with recent yet prepandemic benefit trends, and we conclude by presenting a potential path forward that may allow for both employers and workers to recover in a postpandemic society.

A Method of Using Mechanical Sorting and Tabulating for the Preparation and Issue of Bonus Intimations

1929 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-268
Author(s):  
James Davie ◽  
D. A. B. Scrimgeour
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ordinary Life ◽  
Valuation Methods ◽  
The Past ◽  
Life Assurance ◽  
Mechanical Methods ◽  
The Individual

The problem of reduction of the work involved in life assurance valuation has long engaged the attention of the actuarial profession. The Z method, Karup's method, and the various short valuation methods have resulted in reduction of the groupings necessary for valuation. There still remains, however, summation of the sums assured, bonuses, premiums, net premiums, Z's etc. etc. of the individual cases forming these groups, and to expedite this work we may have recourse to mechanical methods of sorting and tabulating.These methods have been employed for many years by Life Assurance Offices in the United States and by the large Industrial Offices in this country, but it is only within the past few years that ordinary Life Offices here have begun to adopt them. The number of ordinary Life Offices in this country making use of mechanical methods of sorting and tabulating is still, however, small.

International Research and Variation in Views of Ethnicity

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Ella Inglebret ◽  
Amy Skinder-Meredith ◽  
Shana Bailey ◽  
Carla Jones ◽  
Ashley France
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Classification System ◽  
International Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
The Past ◽  
International Scale ◽  
Publication Patterns

The authors in this article first identify the extent to which research articles published in three American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) journals included participants, age birth to 18 years, from international backgrounds (i.e., residence outside of the United States), and go on to describe associated publication patterns over the past 12 years. These patterns then provide a context for examining variation in the conceptualization of ethnicity on an international scale. Further, the authors examine terminology and categories used by 11 countries where research participants resided. Each country uses a unique classification system. Thus, it can be expected that descriptions of the ethnic characteristics of international participants involved in research published in ASHA journal articles will widely vary.

Proportion of Individuals With Past-Year Suicidal Ideation Who Attempted Suicide Over the Past 10 Years in the United States, and the Influence of Age and Sex

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Shannon Lange ◽  
Courtney Bagge ◽  
Charlotte Probst ◽  
Jürgen Rehm
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
The United States ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Age Category

Abstract. Background: In recent years, the rate of death by suicide has been increasing disproportionately among females and young adults in the United States. Presumably this trend has been mirrored by the proportion of individuals with suicidal ideation who attempted suicide. Aim: We aimed to investigate whether the proportion of individuals in the United States with suicidal ideation who attempted suicide differed by age and/or sex, and whether this proportion has increased over time. Method: Individual-level data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 2008–2017, were used to estimate the year-, age category-, and sex-specific proportion of individuals with past-year suicidal ideation who attempted suicide. We then determined whether this proportion differed by age category, sex, and across years using random-effects meta-regression. Overall, age category- and sex-specific proportions across survey years were estimated using random-effects meta-analyses. Results: Although the proportion was found to be significantly higher among females and those aged 18–25 years, it had not significantly increased over the past 10 years. Limitations: Data were self-reported and restricted to past-year suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Conclusion: The increase in the death by suicide rate in the United States over the past 10 years was not mirrored by the proportion of individuals with past-year suicidal ideation who attempted suicide during this period.

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